In humans, the major stimulus for cutaneous pigmentation is ultraviolet radiation. Little is known about the mechanism underlying this response, in part, because of the complexity of the interactions involving the whole epidermis. The present stucy was undertake to evaluate the effects of a single exposure of UVB on cultured normal melanocytes. Melanocytes were exposed to UVB from 5.1 mJ/cm to 203 mJ/cm. The results were as follows : 1. The main morphologic changes in UVB-exposed groups w re larger sized cells, more blunted dendrites, and shorter dendrites than in the control group. These cells increased sized according to the increased doses of VVB, but above 101.5 mJ/cm, the melanocytes shrunk and were destroyed. 2. From 20.3 mJ/cm of UVB, the proliferation of melanocyte was decreased, Especially, there was statistical!y significant difference above 50.8 mJ/cm (p<0.05, p<0.01). 3. The antiproliferativo effect increased with the passage of tirie after UVB exposure. So, cell count could not be done in 101.5 mJ/cm and 203 mJ/cm on the third day, and in 50.8 mJ/cm, 101.5 m J/cm and 203 mJ/cm on the seventh day. 4. Statistically the melanin content per well was significantl dicreased to 11-28% of each control group with dose above 50.8 mJ/cm (p<0.05, p<0.01). The melanin content per cell was increased to 107-128% of each control group when doses were below 20.3 mJ/cm and decreased to 49-79% of each control group when above 0.8 mJ/cm on the third day, but there was no statistically significant difference. In summary, when melarocytes were exposed to UVB, morphclogic changes progressed to cell differentiation. The results also suggested that a low or dose of UVB has an antiproliferative arid mild melanogenic effect, and a higher dose of UVB has a direct cytotoxic effect.
Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; Dendrites ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Pigmentation

The author evaluated the optimal concentration of 3 compositions of TIC medium which has used as the melanacytes culture medium. The concentrations of placental extract and bovine pituitary extract, which have the ability to promote proliferation of melanocytes, were evaluated also. Modified TIC medium with above 5 components of evaluated concentration was very effective in melanocytes culture. The results were as follows : l. 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity at the concentration of 30ngml (p(0.05) 2. Isobutylmet:hyl xanthine (IBMX) showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity at the concentration of 0.3mM (p(0.05) 3. Cholera toxin (CT) showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity at the concentration of )OnM (p(0.05) 4. Two percentages of placental extract in culture medium showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity. S. Two percentages of bovine pituitary extract in culture medium showed effective melanocytes proliferating activity. 6. Placental extract and isobutylmethyl xanthine proved to have high melanocytes proliferating activity. 7. Melanocytes proliferated rapidly on modified TIC medium (Proliferation doubling time . about 43 hours) 8. The peak time of melanocytes proliferation (7.2 X 10/cm) was observed on the seventh day of culture, From this data, this culture system can be recommended as a new melanocytes culture.
Cholera Toxin ; Humans* ; Melanocytes* ; Tics ; Xanthine

To evaluate the cardiac functions we examed the M-mode echocardiography with measurements of blood pressure, heart rate and body surface area in 55 normal Korean adults(male 30 persons, female 25 persons) of mean age, 41.7+/-12.3 years. (1) Interventricular septal thickness is 9.5+/-1.7mm and left ventricular posterior wall thickness are 8.6+/-1.5mm at end-diatole, 14.0+/-2.1mm at end-systole. (2) Diastolic and systolic left ventricular internal dimensions are 49.1+/-4.8mm and 31.3+/-5.0mm, respectively. (3) Left ventricular mass by Penn Convention method is 174.4+/-52.1g and left ventricular mass index is 103.2+/-28.8g/m2. (4) Relative wall thickness is 0.35+/-0.06. (5) Left ventricular volumes by Teichholz's method are 114.9+/-27.6ml at diastole and 40.2+/-17.2ml at systole. Therefore, stroke volume is 74.7+/-16.9ml and stroke volume index is 44.5+/-10.7 ml/m2. (6) Cardiac output is 4944+/-1058 ml/min and cardiac index is 2951+/-666 ml/min/m2. (7) Total peripheral resistance is 1454+/-356 dynes-sec-cm(-5) and total peripheral resistance index is 2472+/-623 dynes-sec-cm(-5).m2. (8) Fractional shortening is 36.5+/-6.0% and pressure-volume ratio is 3.27+/-1.19 mmHg/ml. (9) End-systolic wall stress is 61.3+/-19.7x10(3) dynes=cm2. (10) Atrial emptying index is 0.66+/-0.18.
Adult* ; Blood Pressure ; Body Surface Area ; Cardiac Output ; Diastole ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Stroke Volume ; Systole ; Vascular Resistance

To evaluate the effects of kerationocytes on the growth of melanocytes, keratinocyte conditioned media (K-CM) with different molecular weight obtained by dialysis were added to melanocyte growth medium (M-GM). In addition, K-CM only, and K-CM mixed with each component of M-GM, such as TPA(12-tetradecanoyl- phorbol-13-acetate), IBMX(isobutylmethylxanthine) and CT(cholera toxin), were used for the culture of melanocytes. 1) The proliferation of melanocytes was incresased to 2.86 x 10(5)+/-0.87 x 10(5) cells/ well and 2.87 x 10(5)+/-0.71 x 10(5) cells/well in 25% K-CM with a cut-off molecular weight of 2,000 and 25% K-CM with a cut,-off molecular weight between 6000 8000 respectively, as compared to 1.88 x 10(5)+/-0.45 x 10(5) cells/well in the control group (p < 0.05). 2) The amount of melanin was increased to 0.2987+/-0.0830ng/mlin 25% un- dialyzed K-CM, as compared to 0.2264+/-0.0643ng/ml in the control group, but this differnce was not statistically significant. 3) Maximum proliferation of melanocytes was observed in 35% concentration of K-CM with a cut-off molecular weight of 6000 8000. 4) Maximum of melanin production was observed in 35% concentration of undialyzed K-CM 5) As compared to 7.86 x 10+/-1.74 x 10(5) cells/well in M-GM,proliferation of melanocytes in 35% K-CM with a cut-off molecular weight of 6000 8000 was de- creased to 1.38 X 10(5)+/-0.97 X 10(5) cells/well. 6) There was no difference in melanocyte proliferation between 6.81 x 10(5)+/-2.19 x 10(5) cells/well in 35% 6,000 8,000 M.W. cut-off dialyzed K-CM, with IBMX only, and 7.86 x 10(5)+/-1.74 x 10(5) cells/well in M-GM. 7) Compared to 0.2303+/-0.0700ng/well cell in M-GM, the amount of melanin was increased to 0.3227+/-0.0900ng/cell, 0.3624+/-0.0900ng/cell and 0.2928+/-0.0500ng/cell, respectively, when TPA, IBMX, CT was added to 35% undialyzed K-CM. It also increased to 0.3176+/-0.1100 in 35% undialyzed K-CM(p<0.05). In summary, the results proved that cellular activating substances released from keratinocytes affect the proliferation of melanocyte and the synthesis of melain. It is also expected that methods used in this study can be clinically utilized because melanocyte culture is possible on K-CM without adding tumor promotors.
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Dialysis ; Keratinocytes* ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Molecular Weight

BACKGROUND: The combination of psoralen and UVA (PUVA) as a model of photochemotherap, has been used in a wicle variety of cutaneous disorders such as psoriasis, vitiligo, mycosis fungoides and atopic dermatitis. The mechanism of PUVA of psoriasis is based on the fact. that PUVA causes photoconjugation of psoralens to DNA and a subsequent suppression of mitosis, DNA synthesis, and keratinocyte proliferation. Although PUVA apparently inhibits keratinocytie proliferation and is effective therefore in the treatment of psoriasis, PUVA increases pigmentations by stimulating melanocyte proliferation and melanin synthesis in vivo. OBJECTIVE: We tried to investigate the PUVA effects on the proliferation and different,iation in cultured human keratinoc tes and melanocytes. METHODS: We examined morphologic changes, and the number of the cultured human keratinocytes and melanoiytes and melanin contents in a control group and experimental group. (UVA group, 8-MOP group and PUVA group). i.e., UVA group was exposed to UVA at 60mJ, of. 8-MOP group was acJded at dose of 2 x 10 M to medium for 30 minutes. PUVA group was exposed to UVA at 60mJ, of after adding in 8 MOP at Zx 10 M for 30 minutes. RESULTS: 1. Morphologic changes of cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes. There were no significent changes between the control group and the experimental groups in keratinocytes and melanocytes after 24, 48 and 72 hours culture. The number and length of meianocyte dendrites showecl no significant differences between the groups after 24, 48 and 72 hours culture(p>0.05). 2. Proliferation of cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes 1) The number of keratinocytes in 8-MOP and PUVA groups decreased significantly more than in the control and LVA groups at 72nd hour after culture (p<0.01). 2) The number of melnocytes showed no differences between the groups at 72nd hour after culture (p>0.05). 3. Melanin contents in iultured human melanocytes The melanin contents increased significantly in the PUVA groups compared to that in the other groups at 72nd hour after culture (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In culturel human keratinocytes, PUVA has no effect on the morphology and differentiation, hut inhibit proliferation. In cultured human melanocytes, PUVA has no effect on morphology and proliferation, but it increases the melanin contents.
Dendrites ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; DNA ; Ficusin ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes* ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Methoxsalen ; Mitosis ; Mycosis Fungoides ; Pigmentation ; Psoralens ; Psoriasis ; Vitiligo

The authors investigsted the effects of azelaic acid on human melanoma cells (G 361 melanoma cell line) and cultured normal melanocytes obtained from the prepuce of newborn. The results were as follows : 1. The proliferation of melanoma cells was decreased, but not in a dose-and time- ependent fashion. The cell population of melanoma cells after 2, 4, and 6 days of culture was decreased to 3.80 x 10(5)cells/well, 4.55 x 10(5)cells/well, and 4.30 X 10(5)cells/ well, respectively, in the presence of 10(-2)M azelaic acid. The proliferation of mormal elanocytes of normal melanocytes was decreased in a dose-dependent, but not in a time-dependent fashion. The cell population of normal melanocytes after 2, 4, and 6 days of culture was significantly decreased to 6.38 x 10(5)+/-1.37 x 10(5) cells/well, 5.33 x 10(5)+/-0.73x10(5) cells/well, and 7.20x10(5)+/-1,11 x10(5)cells/well, respectively, in the presence of 10(-2) M azelaic acid(p<0,05, p<0.01). 2. A dose-and time-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis was not found in either group. However, DNA synthesis in melanoma cells was decreased to 92710+5188 CPM, 16268+/-15S5 CPM, 8518+/-996 CPM, respectively, after 2, 4, and 6 days of culture, and in normal melanocytes was decreased to 9398+/-2279 CPM(p>0.05) and 6953+/-1217 CPM (p<0.05) after 4 and 6 days of culture in the prensence of 10(-2) Mazelaic acid, 3. There was no difference in melanin content per well at various concentrations in either group, but the melanin content per individual melanocyte of the melanoma cells was increased to 0.0303 ng/cell, 0.0253 ng/cell, and 0.0377 ng/cell, respectively, and that of normal melanocytes was signifieantly increased to 0.0754+/-0.0215 ng/cell, 0.0719+/-0.0144 ng/cell(p<0.05), and 0.1089+/-0.0185 ng/cell(p<0.05), respectively, after 2, 4, and 6 days of culture in the presence of 10(-2) M azelaic acid.
DNA ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Melanoma

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anthelmintic effects of fenbendazole against intestinal nematode; Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura, and to compare the efficacy in fenbendazole, oxantel-pyrantel pamoate and placebo by means of double blind method. Out of 114 subjects harbouring Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura, 36 cases were treated with single dose of fenbendazole, 38 cases with oxantel-pyrantel pamoate, and the remaining 40 cases had received the placebo. The results were as follows: In the group treated with fenbendazole (30-50 mg/kg), the cure rates were 83.9 percent in 31 subjects with Ascaris lumbricoides and 83.3 percent in 18 subjects with hookworm, and only 28.6 percent in 28 subjects with T. trichiura respectively. In the group treated with a single dose of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate (10 mg/mg), the cure rates were 96.7 percent in 30 subjects with A. lumbricoides, 95.2 percent in 21 subjects with hookworm, and 54.6 percent in 33 subjects with T. trichiura. Egg reduction rate was 85.7 percent in T. trichiura cases. On the other hand, the egg negative conversion rates in placebo group were 9.7, 8.3 and 33.3 percent in Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infections respectively. The above results showed that fenbendazole was highly effective against Ascaris and hookworm. However, incomparisom with oxantel-pyrantel pamoate, fenbendazole was less effective in regards of A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura infections.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; chemotherapy ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; hookworm ; Trichuris trichiura ; fenbendazole ; oxantel-pyrantel pamoate

BACKGROUND: Retinoids exert a wide range of effects on cell growth and development and have important effects on keratinocytes differentiation in vvc and in vitro. Besides the effects on epithelial differeotiation, modulation of cellular and amoral responses of lymphocytes, changes in natural killer and T-killer cell activities and riodulation of antigen presenting properties were shown by retionds. OBJECTIVE: We studied to investigate the immunologic role of etinoids. METHODS: With foreskin. the effects of 13-cis retinoic acid and etretinate on interferony induced HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression of kratinocytes were!ev luated. RESULTS: 1. When keratinocytes were grown in low calcium media, priliferation was inhibited only with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid. 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and 8 x 10 , 8 x 10, 8 x 10 M of etretinate had no effect on keratinocytes roiferation. When cultured in 0.15 mM calcium media or 1.0 mM calcium media, 13-cis retino acid and etretinate had no effection keratinocytes proliferation. 2. Keratinocytes HLA-DR expression was decreased with 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in 0.15 mM carcium media and 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in 1.0 mM calcium media. Etretinate had no effect on keratinocytes HLA-DR expression. 3. Keratinocytes ICAM- 1 expression was increased with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in low calcium. media. When cultured on 0.15 mM carcium media, ICAM-1 expression was increased with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and tetinate. When cultured in 1.0 mM calcium media, ICAM-1 expression was increased with 8 x 10, 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and 8 x 10, 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of etretinate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that retiniods have an immunomodulating effect as well as effects on epithelial differentiation. Clarification of the mechanism of increased expression of ICAM-1 and decreased expression of HLA-DR remains to the proved.
Acitretin ; Calcium ; Etretinate ; Foreskin ; Growth and Development ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interferons* ; Keratinocytes* ; Lymphocytes ; Retinoids* ; Tretinoin

The authors investigated the antiproliferative effect and expression of HLA-DR an- tigen by recombinant gamma-interferon (r-IFN-y) on cultured human keratinocytes (KC). The results were as follows, 1. From 10l.J/ml of r-1FN-p exposure, the proliferation of KC decreased in a concentration dependent fashion. But there was little difference of antiproliferative effect above 30U/ml of r-IFN-y exposure. 2. The expression of HLA-DR antigen on KC increased in a concentration and time dependent fashion of r-IFN-p exposure. E3ut t,here was little difference of HLA-DR antigen expression on KC above 30tJ/ml and most of HLA-DR antigen were expressed within 48hr. 3. The opt,imal condition for HLA-DR antigen induction on KC by r-IFN-p was likely t,hat HLA-DR KC was observed at 48hr under the our exposure of 30U/ml of r-IFN p. 4. After 4hr exposure of 30U/ml of r-IFN-p, KC expresed HLA-BR. antigen, reaching a maximum intensity at 3 days. At, 7 days, the loss of HI A-DR KC showed over 90% of maximum intensity.
HLA-DR Antigens* ; Humans* ; Interferon-gamma ; Interferons* ; Keratinocytes*

BACKGROUND: Psoralen has been used in the treatment of certain hypojigmentary disorders with UVA or solar irradiation. However trecent report proposed the actions of psiralens are direct and do not require the presence of ultraviolet light. The report also suggested that tze specific receptors other than DNA would be present. OBJECTIVE: This study was done ta identify the effects of 8-methoryporalen(8-MOP) on the proliferation and melanization of cultured normal human melanocytes without UVA. METHODS: Melanocytes were cultured in melanocyte culture medium neluding 16% or 5% FBS. We added 8-MOP by their concentrations from 10 M to 10 M. After 8 hours treatment, we investigated the melanocytes proliferation and Lhe melanin contents. RESULTS: We could not detecet any significant differences of melanoytes proliferation and melanin contents between the control end experimental groups. CONCLUSION: There were no effect on the proliferation and the milanization of cultured normal human melanocytes with 8-MOP only.
DNA ; Ficusin ; Humans* ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Methoxsalen ; Ultraviolet Rays