No abstract available.
Education* ; Humans ; Students, Medical*

For the study on the effect of retinoic acid on the formation of palatal rugae and the cleft palate, retinoic acid was administered orally 150mg/kg of body weight by gastric tube at GD 10.5 to Sprague-Dawley rats. The pregnant rats were sacrificed on GD 17.5 under ether anesthesia, and laparatomized. After removal of uterus, the number of pregnant sacs and fetuses were counted. The fetuses weighed, the MEE (medial edge epithelium) thickness measured and the mitotic figures counted after routine processing and H·E stain. All the palates were photographed, and the number of rugae & the rugal pattern analysed. TEM photographs of MEE cells were observed after routine processing. The results were as follows ; 1. Rat fetus body weight after retinoic acid treatment increased significantly compared with the control group. 2. Mitotic figures in the retinoic acid treated group increased significantly compared with control group. 3. In the retinoic acid treated group, 79.3% of fetuses had cleft palates. Among fetuses with cleft palates, complete cleft palates were 10.6%, incomplete cleft palate 89.4%. Incomplete clefts were of two types ; median type (cleft palate at the intermolar region) and soft palate type (cleft posterior to the 8th rugae). Median type was 64.6% and the soft palate type 35.4%. 4. 2.3% of the fetuses had the numerical anomaly of the palatal rugae in the control group, but that of retinoic acid treated group 87.7%. 5. 17.4% of palatal rugae of the control group was disrupted, but 100% of the retinoic acid treated group disrupted. 6. Rugal papillae were observed in the 15.1% of fetuses of the control group and 63.1% of fetuses of the retinoic acid treated group. 7. Longitudinal rugae were observed in 19% of fetuses of the retinoic acid treated group, but not in the control group. 8. In TEM photographs, cytoplasmic processes, intercellular space, and desmosomes decreased. Swelling of mitochondria & ER were also found in the retinoic acid treated groups. According to the above results, it appears that there is close relationship between palatal rugae and cleft palates, and that excess retinoic acid induces disruption of pattern and numerical variations of rat fetus palate rugae. Also retinoic acid has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of medial edge epithelial cells of palatal shelves. The cleft palates may be induced by the above mentioned retinoic acid effects. But, the exact mechanisms of retinoic acid on cleft palate formation is not thoroughly known and should be further studied.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cleft Palate* ; Cytoplasm ; Desmosomes ; Epithelial Cells ; Ether ; Extracellular Space ; Fetus ; Mitochondria ; Palate ; Palate, Soft ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tretinoin* ; Uterus

Long segmental fixation with TSRH posterior instrumentation for 19 patients who had unstable thoracolumbar fracture was performed between October 1992 and April 1995. The patients were followed for an average of 22 months. Measurements of the deformity angle, kyphosis, vertebral height, and the intervertebral angle were made. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to configurations of instruments for lower segmental fixation. For one group, only hooks were used, and for the others group pedicular screws and lateral offset hooks were used together at the same segment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to anlyze the correctability following long segmental fixation and to compare one segmental fixation using both screws and lateral offset hook systems with two segmental fixation using hook systems for distal fixation. There was an overall correction of kyphosis at follow-up of 6.9degrees (27.1%) after a loss of 4.3degrees from operative correction. Overall correction of deformity angle was 8.2degrees (32.2%). Loss of vertebral height at final follow-up was 4.4%. And loss of intervertebral angle was 2.0degrees at follow-up. There was no difference of overall results between the hook group and the pedicular screw with lateral offset hook group. However, there was a significant improvement of the correction of kyphosis and restoration of vertebral height in patients who underwent operation within 7 days after injury, as compared to delayed operation. Therefore, the timing of surgery is the most important factor in order to correct the deformity caused by unstable thoracolumbar fractures. There was no significant loss of correction and no metallic failure. Therefore, rodding long with the method of one segment distal fixation using screws and lateral offset hook together can provide excellent correctability, maintenance of correction, preservation of distal lumbar joints, prevention of implant failure and complication.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Kyphosis

No abstract available.
Drug Resistance, Microbial* ; Plasmids* ; Pneumonia*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Basement Membrane* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Fixatives* ; Mast Cells*

Congenital vertical talus is dufficult to correct and tends to recur. Reduction of the deformed talon-avicular joint is rarely possible by conservative means alone and consequently surgical reduction is usually necessary. The technique of Kumar, Cowell and Ramsey(TAL, capsular release, open reduction of navicular, and K-wire fixation) was combined with or without tendon transfer using Tibialis anterior(Grice operation) in 11 feet of seven children(bilateral in four) under the age of four(2 girls and 5 boys), and followed them for average 41 months. Three of them were combined with cerebral palsy, syringomyelia, and multiple joint stiffness with camptodactyly. In preoperative radiograms, all of their tali are so distorted plantarward and medially as to be almost vertical. The talus was in an equinus position also but to a lesser degrees. The forefoot was dorsiflexed at the midtarsal joint and the navicular lay on the dorsal aspect of the talar head. Seven feet are corrected normally after operation, but four feet were recurred and soft tissue releasing techniques combined with extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis or triple arthrodesis were planned after their skeletal maturity.
Arthrodesis ; Cerebral Palsy ; Female ; Foot ; Head ; Humans ; Joint Capsule Release ; Joints ; Syringomyelia ; Talus ; Tendon Transfer

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

Since the 1970s, the average life expectancy of Koreans has been increasing. Our concerns are not simply about longevity, but also about disability-free life. lately, Sasang constitutional medicine has attracted public attention, especially with respect to the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the food habits, nutrients intake, and disease distribution among the elderly, according to their Sasang constitutions. The results are as follow : The distribution of constitutions of the subjects were Tae-eum 48.8%, So-yang 27.4%, So-eum 22.6%, and So-yang + So-eum 1.2%. In both elderly men and women, body weight, percent ideal body weight, and diastolic pressure of the Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of other constitutions. In both men and women, the level of hemoglobin in the Tae-eum was significantly higher than those of other constitutions. The level of LDL-cholesterol was higher, and the level of HDL-cholesterol was lower in the So-eum elderly women. Food habits of the So-eum were the most irregular, and nutrients intake of the So-eum was lower than that of other constitutions in both elderly men and women. In elderly men, the incidence of hypertension was the highest in the Tae-eum, and the incidence of gastritis was the highest in both So-yang and So-eum. In elderly women, the incidence of fatty liver was the highest in the Tae-eum and So-yang, and gastritis and hypertension were the highest in the So-eum. In the elderly, obese and anemic persons were significantly more in the Tae-eum and the So-eum, respectively. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences of physical, characeristics, food, habits, and distributions of disease for the subjects according to each Sasang constitutions. Intake of nutrient was poor, regardless of Sasang constitutions, in both men and women.
Aged* ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Gastritis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Ideal Body Weight ; Incidence ; Life Expectancy ; Longevity ; Male