No abstract available.
Humans ; Peritonitis*

A fetal rhabdomyomatous nephroblastoma is considered to be a predominantly monophasic mesenchymal variant of Wilms' tumor, which acts less aggressively than a conventional Wilms' tumor despite its much larger size. Bilaterality of this tumor in a nine month-old girl, however, may negatively affect the overall prognosis. A radical nephrectomy for bulky masses in the left kidney and a partial nephrectomy for right kidney with five small tumor masses was performed at the same time. Two small tumor masses in the upper part of right kidney were left behind because of preserving minimal renal functional capacity. Pathological study revealed a mixed type of nephroblastoma which was composed predominantly of mesenchymal components with fetal rhabdomyomatous differentiation. After post-operative chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D and adriamycin, and radiotherapy(2,130 rad), residual tumor masses became a single tumor 5 cm in diameter and well demarcated, which was resected at 15 months after first operation when the size and renal function of remained right kidney was appropriate to resect out the residual tumor. The tumor resected out at second operation was entirely composed of scattered differentiated fetal skeletal muscle cells in the fibrovascular tissue. Only a few entrapped epithelial components were seen but no blastemal cornponents were present. Follow up abdominal CT and ultrasonographic examinations revealed no evidence of tumor recurrence. The girl has developed normally without disease.

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma(UES) is an uncommon malignant hepatic tumor that occurs in older children and young adults. Six cases of UES were reviewed to determine their characterisfic findings on sonography (US) (n=5), computed tomography (CT) (n=6), and angiography (n=2) US demonstrated a single large, echogenic mass with some anechoic spaces in each case. CT revealed a well demarcated hypodense mass with hyperdense septa of variable shape and thickness. Four cases showed enhancing peripheral rim and some solid portions at the periphery or adjacent to the septa. Follow-up CT scan in one case who had not been treated showed enhancing solid portion changed to hypodense areas. Angiography showed hypovascular or avascular mass. Familiarity with these radiological findings of UES of liver will be helpful in differential diagnosis of primary hepatic tumors of childhood.
Angiography ; Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Sarcoma* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Three patients with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the uterine cervix are reported and the literature is reviewed. All the three patients in the current study presented with vaginal bleeding. They were found to have diffuse large cleaved cell lymphoma, one of which was multilobated variant with marked sclerosis. Histologically, differential diagnsis from undifferentiated small cell carcinoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma & other sarcomas was difficult and requires special stains including immunobistochemical study. Vaginal pap smears were diagnosed as 'class V; malignant lymphoma' in only one patient. Immunologically, two cases were beta-cell lineage and one case was T-cell lineage. All the patients were treated with chemotherapy only and showed good responses.

We reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intracranial teratoma to detect the characteristic findings. Five patients with intracranial teratoma were evaluated with MRI from January 1988 to December 1990. Four male and one female patients with age ranging from 6 to 14 years were surgicelly confirmed MRI was done with 2.0T superconducting system(Spectro 20000, Goldstar, Seoul) and gadolinium enhancement was done in 4 patients. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, operative, pathologic, and radiologic findings. Intracranial teratomas showed fatty component, calcification and cystic component filled with sebum or serous fluid. Peripheral rim enhancement was seen in three and irregular enhancement in two cases. There were hydrocephalus in all teratoma, but neither surrounding edema nor surrounding tissue invasion was seen. Low signal intensity rim was noted around the solid component of all tumors and they were not enhanced. MRI showed multicomponent of intracranial teratoma including the solid and cystic component, and low singal rim which might be the characteristic findings of the intracranial teratoma.
Edema ; Female ; Gadolinium ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sebum ; Teratoma*

Midpalatal suture expansion if often used for patients having narrow maxillary arch, cleft palate, respiratory handicap with narrow nasal cavity. CGRP has been known as a modulator of pain transmission in central nervous system and a local effector to peripheral tissue causing vasodilation, increase of blood flow, modulation of immunesystem, regulation of macrophagic function and stimulation of bone formation. To investigate changes of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in midpalatal suture during the expansion, immunohistochemical study was performed by using rats. Experimental rats (10 weeks, 250 gm) were divided into five groups (control, 1, 4, 7, 14 days group (each n=4) and applied orthodontic force (approximately 200gm) to upper anterior incisors. Frozen sections of midpalatal suture area were immunostained by using rabbit antisera. The results were as follows: The CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were hardly observed in control group. In 1 day group, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were more increased around the vessels than control group. In 4 days group, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were more increased than control group, but nor more increased than 1 day group. Vascular diameter was more enlarged. In 7 days group, especially, hematoxilin affinity of cells was remarkable and cells were arranged along the bone margin. The CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were more reduced than 4 days group and vascular diameter was also reduced. In 14 days group. the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were similar to those of 7 days group and the irregularity of bone margin was almost recoverd. In Conclusion, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers may be related to intial neurogenic inflammatory reaction in expanding mid-palatal suture.
Animals ; Central Nervous System ; Cleft Palate ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Incisor ; Nasal Cavity ; Nerve Fibers* ; Osteogenesis ; Rats* ; Sutures* ; Vasodilation

This study was performed to investigate the influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on preimplantation development, implantation, and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in mouse embryos. Riverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been used to examine the presence of transcripts. Following reverse transcription, strategically designed nested primers, optimised for specificity, were used for amplification from the cDNA equivalent of a single embryo. The products were then verified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. Eight-cell stage mouse embryos were cultured for 48hrs with EGF at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 ng/ml. Embryos not treated with EGF were served as control. The percentages of embryos which developed to the expanded, hatched blastocyst stage and in vitro implantation at 48hrs were determined. The percentages of fully expanded murine blastocysts at 48hrs in all EGF treated group were not significantly different from the control. The percentages of hatched blastocysts were significantly higher in EGF treatment group at 0.1ng/ml (90.7%), 10 ng/ml (89.3%) compared to the control (82.1%; p < 0.05, p < 0.05). The percentages of implanted blastocyst in vitro were significantly higher following incubation with EGF at concentrations of O.lng/ml (38.1%; p < 0.05), 1.0ng/ml (33.3%; p < 0.05), 10ng/ml (22.2%; p < 0.05) compared to the control (10.7%). Embryo development and implantation in vitro were not significantly inhibited or enhanced in cultures supplemented with 100ng/ml EGF compared to the control. The mRNA concentration of EGFR in embryos treated with 0.1ng/ml of EGF were significantly higher than those of the control and other EGF treatment groups. The implantation rate and mRNA concentration of EGFR in embryos treated with 0.1ng/ml of EGF group were significantly higher than those of other treatd groups. In conclusion, EGF may have a stimulatory role in embryonic development, implantation and expression of EGFR in embryo itself with concentration-specific manner. These results suggest that EGF may act directly on the mouse embryo and favor its implantaion, irtespective of the presence ar absence of the endometrium.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Digestion ; DNA, Complementary ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endometrium ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Female ; Mice* ; Pregnancy ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Reverse Transcription ; Rivers ; RNA, Messenger ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis

PURPOSE:Carotid endarterectomy may benefit patients with bilateral carotid stenosis by improving cerebrovascular hemodynamics of ipsilateral as well as contralateral cerebral hemispheres. We investigated cerebrovascular hemodynamics after carotid endarterectomy in patients with contralateral carotid occlusion by acetazolamide stress brain SPECT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were 14 symptomatic patients (all men, mean age 66 yrs) with carotid stenosis (> 50%) with contralateral carotid occlusion. Acetazolamide stress Tc-99m ECD brain SPECTs were performed within 2 weeks before and after carotid endarterectomy using one day protocol. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) were assessed visually. In 12 patients, correlation between the patency of proximal anterior cerebral or anterior communicating arteries (A1/A-comm) and the improvement of CBF or CVR after endarterectomy was assessed. RESULTS: Preoperative SPECT showed reduced CBF in 2 ipsilateral and 10 contralateral hemispheres. CVR was reduced in 4 ipsilateral and 9 contralateral hemispheres. Of 12 hemispheres with reduced CBF, 2 hemispheres (16.7%) showed improvement of CBF after endarterectomy. However, reduced CVR was improved in all 4 ipsilateral and 7 of 9 (78%) of contralateral hemispheres after endarterectomy. Three of 4 with stenotic A1/A-comm and 4 of 8 with patent A1/A-comm had reduced contralateral CVR. Reduced contralateral CVR improved in all 3 patients with stenotic A1/A-comm and 3 of 4 with patent A1/A-comm. CONCLUSION: Acetazolamide stress brain SPECT demonstrated improvement of compromised cerebrovascular reserve in not only ipsilateral but also contralateral hemispheres of patients with contralateral carotid occlusion after carotid endarterectomy, and may, therefore, be useful for evaluating cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve after carotid endarterectomy.
Acetazolamide* ; Arteries ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Carotid Stenosis* ; Cerebrum ; Endarterectomy ; Endarterectomy, Carotid* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the etiology of acute pharygotonsillitis in pediatric patients. METHODS: Pharyngeal swabs from patients with acute pharyngotonsillitis were evaluated for viruses and bacterial organisms from March 2010 through March 2011. RESULTS: Of 615 patients, potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated in 40 (6.5%), viruses were isolated in 310 (50.4%), and no pathogens were isolated in 267 patients (43.4%). Both viral and bacterial pathogens were found in 2 (0.3%). Of 40 patients with bacterial pathogens, group A streptococci were found in 31 (77.5%). Among 310 patients with virus infection, adenovirus was the most frequently recovered (203 patients; 65.5%), followed by rhinovirus (65 patients; 21.0%), enterovirus (43 patients; 13.9%) and coronavirus (18 patients; 5.8%). There were 25 patients who had been coinfected with 2 viruses. In viral pharyngotonsillitis, cough, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis and diarrhea were prominent. On the other hand, pharyngeal injection and pharyngeal petechiae were prominent in bacterial pharyngotonsillitis. CONCLUSIONS: Virus infection was a big part of acute pharyngotonsillitis and there were differences in clinical manifestations among viral and bacterial infections. Therefore, we need to distinguish between virus infection and bacterial infection using clinical signs for preventing the abuse of antibiotics.
Adenoviridae Infections ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria* ; Bacterial Infections ; Child* ; Conjunctivitis ; Coronavirus ; Cough ; Diarrhea ; Enterovirus ; Hand ; Humans ; Purpura ; Rhinovirus

Diffuse leukoencephalopathy is a well-known complication of methotrexate in intrathecal or high dose intravenous administration, especially when it is combined with cranial radiation therapy. However, low dose intravenous methotrexate induced leukoencephalopathy has not been reported previously. A 46-year-old female was administered intravenous methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil with oral cyclophosphamide after a modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. After six cycles of chemotherapy, she developed rapidly progressing dementia and upper motor neuron signs. Brain MRI showed bilaterally symmetric white matter lesion without gadolinium enhancement. Laboratory investiga-tion showed no evidence of brain metastasis. This case suggests that low dose intravenous methotrexate can induce dif-fuse leukoencephalopathy.
Administration, Intravenous ; Brain ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cyclophosphamide ; Dementia ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Gadolinium ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathies* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Methotrexate* ; Middle Aged ; Motor Neurons ; Neoplasm Metastasis