Wallerian degeneration is well known as the anterograde degeneration of axon and their accompanying myelin sheath from injury to the proximal portion of the axon or its cell body. The most common cause of wallerian degeneration is cerebral infarction. Authors experienced three patients with old hemispheric infarct with typical wallerian degeneration in the brain stem, which was demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in two cases and CT in one case. This report demonstrates the wallerian degeneration in the corticospinal tract on the MRI and CT with the brief review of the literatures.
Axons ; Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Cell Body ; Cerebral Infarction ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Myelin Sheath ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Wallerian Degeneration*

No abstract available.
Lithium Chloride* ; Lithium*

The CT findings of the acute cerebral infarction are well known. However the CT findings of early stroke within 24 hours of the onset have not been sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate early acute cerebral infarction on CT within 24 hours after ictus. The early and accurate CT diagnosis could lead to the appropriate therapy and improved outcome of the patients. Authors retrospectively analyzed 16 patients with early acute cerebral infarction. Acute cerebral infarction was confirmed by follow-up CT in 11 patients, SPECT in 4 patients, and MRI in 1 patient. The CT findings of early acute cerebral infarction include effacement of cortical sulci or cistern (n=16, 100%), hyperattenuation of MCA (n=3), obscuration of lentiform nucleus (n=6), loss of insular ribbon (n=6) and subtle low density in hemisphere (n=5). The most frequent findings was effacement of cortical sulci in our study, and it was though to be the most important sign of early acute cerebral infarction.
Cerebral Infarction* ; Corpus Striatum ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

This is case report of true class III malocclusion with macroglossia is corrected by glossectomy in 13 years female patient. After orthodontic treatment, the patient is bound to glossectomy because the corrected condition is relapsed to the previous condition due to relatively enlarged tongue compared with the original dental arch. By the interpretation of the cephalogram and model analysis, it is approved that the growth pattern and direction are normal range and mandible is located anterioly to the cranium. The results are follows: 1. We could treat the true Cl III malocclusion. 2. We could prevent the relapse of the treated condition by the surgical intervention, such as partial glossectomy. 3. Sensory, speech, swallowing and so other functions after the operation have been with in normal limit without any serious complications or seguellae.
Deglutition ; Dental Arch ; Female ; Glossectomy ; Humans ; Macroglossia* ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Recurrence ; Reference Values ; Skull ; Tongue

PURPOSE: In order to know the effects of inaccurate laser shot of vertical or horizontal direction, we evaluated the clinical results of LASIK according to the use of fixation ring and the accuracy of the focusing beam on the corneal stromal bed. METHODS: LASIK was performed in 73 eyes with one surgeon between April, 2001 and January, 2002 were divided into two groups: those who exceeded -6.00D were high myopia group (37 eyes), and those who did not were low myopia group (36 eyes). We retrospectively analyzed the results of the LASIK in two methods, the one is the evaluation of the vertical directional error with the accuracy of the focusing beam and the other is the horizontal error with the use of fixation ring. We measured the preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, and the postoperative predictability. RESULTS: There was no significant statistical difference in the spherical equivalent, uncorrected visual acuity, postoperative predictability between the use and nonuse of fixation ring and good and bad accuracy of focusing beam in high myopia and low myopia (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a little difference in the accuracy of focusing beam on the corneal stromal bed and the use of fixation ring would not affect the clinical result after LASIK.
Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Morinda ; Myopia ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report four cases in which temporary complication developed after using Gentian Violet as a marker in LASIK procedure. METHODS: Four cases who had undergone LASIK using Gentian Violet (Viscot Surgical Marker, U.S.A.) as a marker were followed. During follow up, corneal edema and opacity developed in landmark area which appeared as a hot spot in topography. Topical Corticosteroids and antibiotics applied for 3 weeks. RESULTS: At 3 month after LASIK, the corneal opacity and edema were disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary complication may develop by gentian violet following LASIK procedure. When using highly concentrated gentian violet marking pen, great attention should be paid not to make any corneal erosion.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Corneal Edema ; Corneal Opacity ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gentian Violet* ; Gentiana* ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ*

We evaluated MR imaging of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis degenerative spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis in 14, 9 and 20 patients respectively. Sagittal and axial spin echo and gradient echo images were obtained with 25-30cm FOV and 5mm/0.5mm thickness/gap by using spine surface coil. Sagittal images showed defects of pars interarticularis just inside of the pedicles of spines in all the cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis with relatively variable signal intensity. Displaced vertebrae were commonly observed at L5 (8/14) in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, at L4 (5/9) in degenerative spondylolisthesis and at variable locations in retrolisthesis. The mean length of displacement of vertebrae in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis was about 7mm and less displacement was onserved in degenerative spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis. Seven, four and six cases of pseudobulging of disk at displaced level were observed in cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, degenerative spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis respectively. Seven, five and 14 cases of true disk lesions were onserved in cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, degenertive spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis respectively. Grade II neural foraminal stenoses (obliteration of one half epidural fat of neural foramen) were commonly (8/14) seen in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, however the other two types showed less severe neural foraminal stenosis. In conclusion, MR imaging is a highly accurate method for the diagnosis and evaluation of spondylolisthesis and associated lesions of spine and disks.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Methods ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis*

Fifteen patients with 38 compression fractures of the spine underwent magnetic resonance(MR) imaging. We retrospectively evaluated MR images in these benign compression fractures. MR images showed four patterns in T1-weighted images. MR imaging patterns were normal signal(21), band like low signal(8), low signal with preservation of peripheral portion of the body(8), and diffuse low signal through the vertebral body(1). The low signal portions were changed to high signal intensities in T2-weighted images. In 7 of 15 patients(11 compression fractures). There was a history of trauma, and the remaining 8 patients(27 compression fractures) had no history of trauma. Benign compression fractures of trauma, remained 8 patients(27 compression fractures) were non-traumatic. Benign compression fractures of the spine reveal variable signal intensities in MR imagings. These patterns of benign compression fractures may be useful in interpretation of MR imagings of the spine.
Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine*

We report a rare case of retinal detachment in colobomatous macrophthalmos with microcornea syndrome. A 25-year-old female who had suffered from poor vision in her left eye since early childhood and high myopia in her right eye (-11 D) visited our clinic because of a sudden deterioration of vision. Examination of the anterior segment showed microcornea with coloboma of the inferior pupil margin in the left iris. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed an inferior choroidal coloboma extending from the optic disc and macula. The patient also had total bullous retinal detachment. Pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade was performed, and the retina was reattached. In the very rare condition of colobomatous macropthalmos with microcornea, retinal detachment may develop. Pars plana vitrectomy with additional silicone oil tamponade may be performed to treat this condition.
Adult ; Choroid/*abnormalities ; Coloboma/*complications/diagnosis ; Cornea/*abnormalities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retinal Detachment/diagnosis/*etiology/surgery ; Syndrome ; Vitrectomy/methods

Intracavernous (IC) injection therapy of vasoactive agents is now being widely choser as the first armamentarium for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction, nevertheless, has a troublesome problems due to the drug delivery vehicle with needle. Therefore, the less invasive route of drug administration has been needed. We investigated the efficacy and safety of intraurethral (IU) instillation of lyposomal prostaglandin E1 on the induction of penile erection. Thirty patients with male erectile dysfunction were enrolled in a prospective study. Overall, 73.3% of cases were responded with 33.3% of full erection and 40% of partial erection after IU instillation. IU self-instillation at home was more effective than at clinic on the induction of penile erection. It is somewhat effective in cases of diabetogenic, psychogenic, neurogenic and mild vasculogenic erectile dysfunction but much less effective in severe vasculogenic and cavernosal disease. Interval of onset and duration of erection were delayed and shortened in IU instillation rather than IC injection. Side effect were mild and transient urethral pain with the most frequent incidence and followed by transient hypotension in less. In conclusion, intraurethral instillation of lyposomal prostaglandin E1 can be selected as one of therapeutic modality to restore the penile erection for some limited patients with erectile dysfunction to want to select a less invasive treatment lternative.
Alprostadil* ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Male ; Needles ; Penile Erection* ; Prospective Studies