PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of knowledge about dementia and to find the related factors in middle-aged adults. METHOD: The research design was a descriptive study by using a constructive self-report questionnaire with 34 items. Data were collected from 397 middle-aged adults using structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS/WIN Programs using frequency, range from minimum to maximum, percentage, mean, SD, chi-square-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range test. RESULTS: The rate of correct answer of middle-aged adults was 68.7%, showing the mid-level of knowledge about dementia. There were significant differences according to age, education, marital status, job, income, information and information sources for dementia in middle-aged adults. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that Korean middle-aged adults need more education and counseling on dementia. Further studies are needed to overcome regionalism in sampling of this study and to develop standard measuring tools for the level of knowledge about dementia.
Adult* ; Counseling ; Dementia* ; Education ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Research Design ; Statistics as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In Asia, mammography following the injection of foreign materials into the breasts for cosmetic augmentation is frequently seen and diagnosis based on the typical radiologic findings is straightforward. We report the unusual radiologic findings in two patients with foreign body granulomas caused by injected foreign materials and discovered incidentally during screening work up. The mammographic findings were bilateral, hyperdense, spiculated masses, with occasional microcalcification, and at sonography, markedly hypoechoic, spiculated solid masses, located near the pectoralis muscle and partly extending into it, were observed. These radiologic findings mimicked malignancy.
Breast Neoplasms/radiography ; Case Report ; Cholesterol ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esthetics ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/etiology/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Human ; Injections/adverse effects ; Mammography ; Middle Age ; Paraffin

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Capillaries* ; Rats*

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells that originate in the cervix uteri. It is the second most prevalent cancer among women. It can have several causes; an infection with some type of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the greatest risk factor for cervical cancer. Over 100 types of HPVs have been identified, and more than 40 types of HPVs are typically transmitted through sexual contact and infect the anogenital region. Among these, a number of HPVs types, containing types 16 and 18, are classified as "high-risk" HPVs that can cause cervical cancer. The HPVs vaccine prevents infection with certain species of HPVs associated with the development of cervical cancer, genital warts, and some less common cancers. Two HPVs vaccines are currently on the global market: quadrivalent HPVs vaccine and bivalent HPV vaccine that use virus-like particles as a vaccine antigen. This review discusses the current status of HPVs vaccines on the global market, clinical trials, and the future of HPVs vaccine development.
Cervix Uteri ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Female ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Vaccines* ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccines ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcaneus* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Tenotomy*

To investigate vitamin D status according to the diseases in patients admitted to the department of rehabilitation medicine. In total, 282 patients admitted to the department of rehabilitation medicine in our hospital were included. Patients were classified into 4 groups according to ailment: stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and fracture. All patients were also classified as ambulatory or non-ambulatory. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were estimated at admission and at discharge. Bone mineral density (BMD) and ionized calcium levels were also measured. All subjects completed the Desmond Fall Risk Questionnaire for fall risk assessment. In total, 92 patients (59 males and 33 females; mean age, 69.09 ± 9.4 years) was enrolled. Low serum 25(OH)D levels (6–28 ng/mL) were observed in all patients in this study, and these were lower in the group of fractures resulting from falls than in the group of strokes (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between BMD and ionized calcium levels, Desmond Fall Risk Questionnaire scores and BMD, and questionnaire scores and serum 25(OH)D (p < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in the department of rehabilitation medicine inpatients in our study than in the general population. The ambulatory patients had higher serum 25(OH)D levels at discharge than the non-ambulatory patients'. The hospitalized rehabilitation patients had lower serum 25(OH)D compared with the community. There were lower serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with fractures and non-ambulatory groups. We should pay attention to serum vitamin D levels of rehabilitation center inpatients.
Accidental Falls ; Bone Density ; Brain Injuries ; Calcium ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Assessment ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stroke ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins

No abstract available.
Animals ; Photoreceptor Cells* ; Rats* ; Retina*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the criteria for predicting invasive lesions with preoperative breast MRI in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) histopathologically diagnosed with biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative MRI findings of 80 percutaneous biopsy-proven DCIS. The morphological type, enhancement distribution and kinetics, and extent of the lesions were analyzed. We compared the results of pure DCIS and DCIS with invasive lesions. We evaluated the MRI criteria for predicting DCIS with invasive lesions and assessed its diagnostic performance. RESULTS: Of the 80 DCIS lesions analyzed, 27 contained co-existing invasive lesions and 49 were pure DCIS. No residual lesions after biopsy were seen in 4 cases. DCIS with invasive lesions showed washout kinetics more frequently and to a larger extent than did pure DCIS (p = 0.030 and p = 0.048, respectively). Using enhancement kinetics and the lesion cut-off value of 4 cm yielded the highest diagnostic performance, with 92.6% sensitivity and 93.8% negative predictive value for predicting invasive lesions. CONCLUSION Washout kinetics and the lesion extent of at least 4 cm are useful criteria for the prediction of co-existing invasive lesions in patients with DCIS diagnosed with biopsy.

To study the characteristics and histogenesis of the malignant lymphomas derived from the gastrointestinal mucosa, histologic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on a series of 28 malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract. By cytomorphologic classification, there were two small lymphocytic lymphomas, one small cleaved cell lymphoma, two mixed small cleaved and large cell lymphomas, 17 large cell lymphomas, one small noncleaved cell lymphoma, three immunoblastic lymphomas, and two lymphoblastic lymphomas. This distribution of histologic types was compatible with that of nodal lymphoma. The lymphomas with poor prognostic histology (23 cases) outnumbered those with favorable prognosis (five cases). Three of 28 cases (one in the stomach and two in the small intestine) had cytologic features consistent with centrocytoid cell lymphoma of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue and were large cell lymphomas. Immunophenotypically, 23 cases expressed B-cell markers (82.1%) and three cases reacted with T-cell markers. Two cases did not react with either T-cell or B-cell markers. True histiocytic lymphomas were not identified. Gastric lymphomas (nine cases) and colorectal lymphomas (three cases) were of B-lymphocyte origin whereas T-cell lymphomas were noted in the small intestine (two cases) and ileocecal region (one case). Three cases of centrocytoid lymphoma were of B-lymphocyte origin. Histologically B-cell lineage lymphomas were evenly distributed on various histologic subtypes but all T-lineage lymphomas belonged to the large cell type. The two cases with undetermined phenotype were lymphoblastic lymphomas histologically. This study showed that the primary GIT lymphomas, mostly of B-cell lineage, were not cytomorphologically distinctive from the nodal lymphomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/classification/immunology/*pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma/classification/immunology/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged