No abstract available.
Herpes Zoster* ; Paralysis* ; Upper Extremity*

OBJECTIVE: To know the clinical features of overuse injury in performing musicians and to evaluate related factors that may affect the overuse injury and playing related pain. METHODS: Eighty professional musicians and music college students were examined during 1 year. All were examined by a history taking, physical examination, radiologic exam and if needed electromyography. Nonparametric Sperman's correlation were used for the statistic analysis and 5 interval grading system, visual analog scale for pain, and stress, criteria of joint hypermobility were used for various measurements. RESULTS: Fifty four men were studied in 3 music colleges and a professional orchestra. Frequency of symptom was 46.3%. The string players were most frequently affected (65%), whereas the wind instrument players were least frequently affected (11.5%). The most commonly affected site was the hand and wrist (54.2%) followed by the spine. Patients were divided by the severity into 5 groups and among them the grade 1 was most common (29.6%). No significant correlation was seen between the practice hours per week but a significant correlation was noted between the stress and playing related pain. Joint hypermobility plays an important role in music playing which is dependent on the kind of instruments. CONCLUSION: Incidence of the overuse injury in musicians is high in Korea and the prevention and early treatment are essential for the good outcome of overuse syndrome.
Cumulative Trauma Disorders* ; Electromyography ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joint Instability ; Korea ; Male ; Music ; Physical Examination ; Spine ; Visual Analog Scale ; Wind ; Wrist

Golf has become an increasingly popular sport worldwide. In a survey done by the National Statistical Office of Korea in 2004, it is shown that 3.3% of Koreans who are 15 or older, which is about 1.27 million people, have played golf. Unfortunately, despite the rising popularity of golf, the research on the prevention and treatment of golf-related injuries has been quite lacking in Korea. In terms of sports injuries, golf is considered to have a medium-class injury potential, with most injuries resulting from overuse but other causes such as lack of flexibility, unbalanced muscles, failure in condition management, and inadequate stretching and warm-up/cooldown exercises are also possible. Furthermore, many golfers tend to force themselves into more exercises and rounds even when not having been fully recovered from the initial injury, giving rise to secondary injuries. The prevalence of golf-related injuries varies greatly among researchers, but even with the average of 50%, it can be assumed that about 600,000 Korean golfers are suffering from various kinds of pain and discomfort. The aim of this review is to understand the causes of gold-related injuries and the strategies for the treatment and prevention thereof.
Athletic Injuries ; Exercise ; Golf ; Korea ; Muscles ; Pliability ; Prevalence ; Rehabilitation* ; Sports

Elbow joint is consist of radio-humeral, ulna-humeral and radio-ulnar joint, and calls hand in action to proximal or distal as a hinge joint. It allows hand in adequate position for acts proper function. Hand and wrist are anatomically very complex structures, and forearm muscles insert through wrist, so tendon and ligament injuries are common in this region. It is necessary that correct diagnosis and treatments for hand and wrist disorders, because it has close correlations to daily living.
Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Forearm ; Hand ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Muscles ; Tendons ; Wrist

Elbow joint is consist of radio-humeral, ulna-humeral and radio-ulnar joint, and calls hand in action to proximal or distal as a hinge joint. It allows hand in adequate position for acts proper function. Hand and wrist are anatomically very complex structures, and forearm muscles insert through wrist, so tendon and ligament injuries are common in this region. It is necessary that correct diagnosis and treatments for hand and wrist disorders, because it has close correlations to daily living.
Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Forearm ; Hand ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Muscles ; Tendons ; Wrist

Golf has become an increasingly popular sport worldwide. In a survey done by the National Statistical Office of Korea in 2004, it is shown that 3.3% of Koreans who are 15 or older which is about 1.27 million people have played golf. Unfortunately, despite the rising popularity of golf, the research on the prevention and treatment of golf related injury was quite lacking in Korea. In terms of sports injuries, golf is considered to have a medium-class injury potential, with most injuries resulting from overuse but other causes such as lack of flexibility, unbalanced muscles, failures in condition management, inadequate stretching and warm-up/cool-down exercises are also possible. Furthermore, many golfers tend to force themselves in more exercises and rounds even when not fully recovered from the initial injury, risking secondary injuries. The prevalence of golf-related injuries varies much among researchers, but even with the average of 50%, it can be assumed that about six hundred thousand Korean golfers are suffering from various pain and discomfort. It was the purpose of this review to understand the causes of injury, treatment and prevention of golf-related injuries.
Athletic Injuries ; Exercise ; Golf* ; Korea ; Muscles ; Pliability ; Prevalence ; Sports

The peripheral nerves can restore their impaired function after injuries from trauma or surgery. The known factors affecting the recovery of damaged peripheral nerves include the severity of damage, nerve growth factor(NGF) from the damaged area and the concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin. One of polypeptides, transforming growth factors beta(TGF-beta) has been known to be related to inflammation and healing process of various wound. The TGF-beta has to three subtypes, TGF-beta(1), TGF-beta(2) and TGF-beta(3). This study was performed to explore the effects of TGF-beta subtypes on the recovery phase of damaged nerve. Sciatic nerves of rat were compressed 200 dyne/mm2. The latencies were measured by stimulation of proximal and distal portion of compression injury site and expression of TGF-beta isoforms was studied in proximal and distal nerve of compression site and spinal cord by using avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique. The latencies were increased at one week after nerve injury and then recovered progressively following 4 weeks. The latencies were restored to almost normal values at 4 weeks after nerve injury. TGF-beta(1) and TGF-beta(3) were expressed weakly at the cytoplasm of Schwann cell in the distal portion after 12 hours of injury. The values of TGF-beta(1) and TGF-beta(3) were increased at 3rd day after injury and lasted till the 4th week which was the end point of nerve regeneration. The changes of proximal portion were different from those of distal portion. TGF-beta(1) and TGF-beta(3) of proximal portion showed stronger positive reaction than that of distal portion and the reaction was peaked at 3rd day after injury. TGF-beta subtypes were rarely present at neuronal cells and astrocytes in spinal cord from 12th hour to 3rd day after injury. The TGF-beta subtypes were weakly appeared at the 1st week after injury and successively increased to 4th week at which the latencies were restored to almost normal value. The patterns of revelation of TGF-beta subtypes showed that TGF-beta(1) was predominant at neuronal cell and TGF-beta(2) was at glial cells. We suggest that TGF-beta subtypes might be related to the regeneration process of nerve injuery.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; Cytoplasm ; Fibrinogen ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Inflammation ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neural Conduction* ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Peptides ; Peripheral Nerves ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats ; Reference Values ; Regeneration ; Sciatic Nerve* ; Spinal Cord ; Thrombin ; Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Wounds and Injuries

The obturator nerve is originated in lumbar 2, 3, 4 roots and inserted at the inner muscle of thigh, by way of sacral ala and obturator foramen. In the case of pelvic surgery or obstetric trauma, the obturator neuropathy is occasionally occurred. However, the obturator neuropathy is rarely seen in the orthopedic accident. In literature, one case of obturator neuropathy is reported after 2,012 cases of total hip replacement surgery. The useful diagnostic tools of obturator neuropathy are needle EMG on the obturater nerve innervated muscle, not conduction test on the nerve. We report of a case of obturator neuropathy after closed reduction of posterior hip dislocation complicated by traffic accident with a brief reviewed of literatures.
Accidents, Traffic ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Hip Dislocation* ; Hip* ; Needles ; Obturator Nerve ; Orthopedics ; Thigh

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of prolotherapy in relieving the pain of patients with tendon or ligament laxity. METHOD: The subjects were 67 patients (40 male, 27 female) who were suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain, excluding those with metabolic diseases that could influence the nature of the pain. The effect of the treatment was evaluated by checking the VAS score after a monthly injection of 15% dextrose solution injected around the patient's ligaments and teno-osseous junction that were suspicious of laxity. This same procedure was followed after a second injection. To make an accurate evaluation before and after the treatment, the use of NSAID, physical therapy or exercise therapy was prohibited. RESULTS: The mean pain duration of the subjects was 5.48+/-7.04 years, and the mean age of the subjects was 49.58+/-16.52 years. The result from VAS showed a statistically remarkable reduction after the injection (p<0.01). The VAS decreased from 7.00+/-0.17 to 4.31+/-0.21 after the first injection and this score further decreased to 2.55+/-0.19 after the second injection. There was no statistically significant relationship between the duration of pain and the effect of the treatment (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: This research demonstrated that prolotherapy is an effective method in treating patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain caused by tendon or ligament relaxation.
Chronic Pain* ; Exercise Therapy ; Glucose ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Musculoskeletal System* ; Relaxation ; Tendons

The aim of this study was to compare widely used quantitative sensory tests to evaluate the diabetic neuropathy(DN). We tested plantar sensation of 40 patients with diabetes mellitus(Group I: 20 with neuropathic symtom, Group II: 20 without symptom) using Semmes-Weinstein monofilament(touch sensation), Biothesiometer(vibration sensation) and EMG. This result was also compared with that of the control group. Eighty percent of Group I and thirty percent of Group II had abnormal EMG findings. Group I had decreased vibration and touch sensation. Comparison of vibration perception threshold(Biothesiometer) with touch pressure sensation(Semmes-Weinstein monofilament) showed that the test with Biothesiometer was relatively accurate, however it was complicated, time consuming and that the test with monofilament was simple and easily performed in the field even though it was relatively crude. 5.07 monofilament could be very effective in the eearly detection of diabetic neumpathy. In conclusion, we recommend 5.07 monofilament as a screening method of diabetic neuropathy and biothesiometer as its follow-up method.
Diabetic Neuropathies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Sensation ; Vibration