Cryptococcosis is a cosmopolitan mycotic disease caused by a yeast like fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans. Resiratory tract, as portal of entry, is the initial focus of infection. Initial pulmonary lesion may heal with orwithout dissemination of the disease. Authors reviewed 8 cases of confirmed cryptococcosis during Jan. 1973 toJune 1981 at Seoul National University Hsopital. The resuls are as follows; Majority of the cases are below 5years old. The most common symptoms are fever, abdominal pain and distension, and respiratory symptoms in only 2cases. The involved organs are liver, lymph node, spleen, meninges, and skin in the order of frequency. Chest P-Aroentgenograms show both hilar enlargement with perihilar and basilar, linear and small nodular infiltrations. Miliary nodular lesions and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were also noted.
Abdominal Pain ; Cryptococcosis ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; Fever ; Fungi ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Meninges ; Seoul ; Skin ; Spleen ; Thorax ; Yeasts

Radiologic findings of Total colonic Aganglionosis(T.C.A.) were analized in 15 patients with the results asfollows; 1. Male to female ratio was 8:7. 2. There were six cases of small calibered colon, seven cases of normalcolon and two cases of megacolon. 3. Free reflux of barium into the small bowel was observed in seven cases out ofeight in which retrograde filling was tried. 3. Delayed films (24 hrs or more) were available in eight cases andmost of the barium remaned in bowel in six cases. 5. There were abnormal colonic contractions in three cases,decreased redundancy in five and five cases of irregular, hypertrophic mucosal wall suggesting enterocolitis. 6.Part of ileum were also aganglionic in five cases. There seems to be no pathognomonic barium enema findings inT.C.A. But combination of these findings may suggest the possibility of T.C.A. T.C.A. should be considered indifferential diagnosis of bowel obstruction in infants. Barium enema should be complete and delayed films alwaysbe obtained.
Barium ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Enema ; Enterocolitis ; Female ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Ileum ; Infant ; Male ; Megacolon

Renal artery embolization was induced experimentally in rabbits and microvascular changs were studiedangiographically, microangiographically and histopathologically. The results were as follows; 1. The mainmicroangiographic findings of renal artery embolization were arterial occlusion and collateral vessels arecharacterized by spiralling, dilatation, irregular lumen with abrupt caliber change, disoriented course andincreased number. 2. Collateral vessel formation was demonstrated in all cases of renal artery embolization bymicroangiography. 3. Recanalization of embolized vessels was better visualized by renal angiography thanmicorangiography. It was considered that microangiography is a valuable method for the observation ofmicrovascular changes in renal artery embolization and other renal diseases.
Angiography ; Dilatation ; Methods ; Rabbits ; Renal Artery

Congenital absence of the lower sternum, defect of the abdominal wall, defects of the anterior diaphragm, pericardial defects and cardiac anomalies had been described as a syndrome by Cantrell et al. Developing mechanism of the syndrome was embryologically defined. These defects arise apparently from combined anomalies of developing of the dorsal mesoderm. The authors present two cases of Cantrell's syndrome developed in one day old and eight months old female patient in which angiocardiography was done at the Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital.
Abdominal Wall ; Angiocardiography ; Diaphragm ; Female ; Humans ; Mesoderm ; Seoul ; Sternum

Pulmonary angiodysplasia indicates all forms of abnormal intrapulmonary arteriovenous comunication, usuallycalled pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Most frequent form of pulmonary angiodysplasia is single or multiplediscrete nodular lesion, and diffuse telangiectatic type consists another variety. More than 50% of pulmonaryangiodysplasias are associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. And rearely chronic liver disease iscomplicated by pulmonary arteriovenous fistula which is called hepatogenic pulmonary angiodysplasia. Weexperienced 6 cases of pulmonary angiodysplasia confirmed by cardiac catheterization and angiography from 1977 to1983. 5 cases were children below 11 years of age exhibiting cyanosis except one who has pulmonary angiodysplasiasupplied by systemic arteries. 3 were hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and one was hepatogenic pulmonaryangiodysplasia. Discrete nodular pulmonary lesion was present in 3 cases while remaining 3 cases were diffusetelangiectatic type. The clinical and radiological findings of pulmonary angiocysplasia is described with a briefreview of literature.
Angiodysplasia ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Child ; Cyanosis ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic

Leukemia is the commonest malignancy in childhood, accounting for about one-third of all malignancies in thosebelow the age of 15 years. Authors analysed the chest PA findings of 177 cases of leukemia in childhood below theage of 15 years, diagnosed at Seoul National University Hospital in recent 5 years since 1978. The summaries ofthe analysis are as follows; 1. Among 177 cases, 121 cases were male and 56 cases were female. The malepredominant than the female with the ratio of 2.2:1. In 177 cases, 77% of the patients were under the 10 years ofage. 2. The incidence of subtype of leukemia was as follows; The acute form was 158 cases (89%), acute lymphocyticleukemia, 55%, acut myelocytic group, 31.6%, chronic myelocytic type, 10%. And acute lymphocytic leukemia was61.4% of acute form. 3. The incidence of abnormality in chest PA was 32.2%(57 cases) . Among these 57 cases,abnormality in lung field was 35 cases (19.8% of total patients) hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement was19 cases(10.7%). Pleural effusion was 13 cases (7.3%) and cardiac shadow enlargement in chest PA was 3 cases.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Pleural Effusion ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Seoul ; Thorax

Pulmonary sequestration , defined as loss of connection of the lung tissue with bronchial tree and withpulmonary artery receiving its artery supply from the systemic artery, is very rare cngenital pulmonary disease.It presents as two types, intralobular or extralobular differentiated by its location. 6 cases of pulmonarysequestrations hve been diagnosed in Seoul National University Hospital. 5 cases were confirmed pathologicallyafter lobectomy. 1 case was diagnosed with cardiac cineangiogram only. The results are as follows; 1. 4 cases hadclinical histories of pulmonary sepsis. 2 cases had cardiac problems without suspicion of the lung problem. 2. 4cases are male and 2 cases are female. 3. Ages of the patients are distributed from 2 months of age to 15 years ofage. 4. 4 cases are angiographically confirmed preoperatively. 2 cases had no suspicion of pulmonary sequestrationpreoperatively. 5. 3 cases are associated wtih cardiovascular anomalies such as right sided aortic arch, pulmonarystenosis, complicated heart disease. 6. 5 cases- operatively proven-have intralobar types with cystic change. 7.CT was performed in one case who shows left lower lobe area mass with air bronchogram.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteries ; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Trees

Endodernal sinus tumors(EST) are generally recognized as a germ cell tumors with extraembryonicdifferentiation that resemble the endodermal sinus of the rat placenta. Like other germ cell tumors the primaryEST may either occur in the gonads or in specific extragonadal sites. CT is the most accurate study in delineatingthe extent of primary and metastatic lesions particularly in the pelvis. Recently authors experienced six cases ofthe pathologically proven extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors in children and retrospectively analyzed theradiological findings including the CT. The results were as follows: 1 Of the 6 cases of extragonadal EST, theprimary lesion presented in the sacrococcygeal region in 5 patients and liver in one patient. 2. There were 4females and 2 males. Of the sacrococcygeal lesions 3 were females and 2 were males. 3. The age of presentationranged from 9 months to 3 years of age(mean age=21 months) 4. Conventional radiographic study of thesacrococcygeal lesion showed presacral, retrorectal soft tissue mass without calcification which extended into thebuttock. CT revealed well circumscribed enhancing soft tissue mass with irregular central low density areas. 5.Primay EST of the liver revealed ill-defined inhomogeneous mixed echogenic mass( ultrasound) and ill-defined lowdensity mass(CT). Angiography showed hypervascular mass with areas of necrosis and no evidence portal veininvasion. A-V shunting was not present. 6. Reginal lymph node metastasis was present at the time of diagnosis in 2cases of sacrococcygeal EST. 7. Local recurrence of tumor was noted in 2 patients with sacrococcygeal lesion aftersurgery and chemotherapy.
Angiography ; Animals ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Endoderm ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Female ; Gonads ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Pelvis ; Placenta ; Rats ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacrococcygeal Region

The Currarino triad is a unique complex of congenital anomalies including anorectal malformation, scral bonyabnormality, and presacral mass. The usual symptomatology is constipation due to anorectal stenosis. Threepatients with this triad confirmed by surgical operation during recent two yeas in Seoul National Universitychildren's Hospital were presented with a brief review of clinical features, unique radiologic appearance andpostulated pathophysiology. The presacral mass was a mature teratoma in the first patient, alipomyelomeningocele-epidermoid inclusion cyst in the second patient, and myelomeningocele in the third patient. Acorrect diagnosis of the Currarino triad by radiologists is important, and may help the phsicians to investigatedetailed family history and associated anomalies and to establish adequate surgical plans.
Constipation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Meningomyelocele ; Seoul ; Teratoma

Severe postoperative strictures in two children and infant and mild postoperative stricture in a child weretreated with balloon catheter. A child with post-fundoplication stricture showed symptomatic improvement.Anastomotic strictures after esophageal atresia repair in an infant and a child were successfuly dilated withimproved luminal diameter and symptoms, in a child with mild postoperative stricture, balloon dilatation wasperformed to prevnet stricture of the anastomotic site. Radiological esophageal dilatation using balloon cathetersis a safe and effective method for dilating symptomatic esophageal strictures which obviates surgery and allowssubsequent standard bougienage.
Catheters ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Esophageal Atresia ; Humans ; Infant ; Methods ; Phenobarbital