The nm23 gene was originally identified from murine melanoma cell lines of varying metastatic potential. A strong association has been observed between reduced expression of nm23 gene and acquisition of metastatic behavior in some tumor cells including breast cancer and melanoma, but not in others such as colon cancer, neuroblastoma, and cervical cancer. It was proposed that nm23 may function as a suppressor gene for tumor metastasis. It has recently been found that the sequence of nm23 and NDP-kinase(NDP-K) was identical. Mortality associated with human breast carcinoma is almost entirely due to subsequent metastasis, but the molecular basis of this metastasis is not understood. Elucidation of the genetic control of metastatic propensity of a tumor is important in determining prognosis and choice of therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of nm23 protein expression with axillary lymph node metastasis and other prognostic factors. Using an immunohistochemical technique and employing a polyclonal antibody to nm23 protein, we have determined nm23 expression in a series of 72 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. Immunostaining for the nm23 gene product have heterogenous cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in 61 patients(84.7%). Sections were scored according to relative abundance(1 = less than 25% of the cells, 2 = 26-75%, 3 = 76-100%). In 61 patients with positive immunostaining, the staining was scored as 1 in 41.6%, 2 in 18.0%, and 3 in 40.2%. The staining of tumor cells was greater than that in normal epithelial cells and stromal cells. No relationship was found between nm23 expression and lymph node metastasis, histologic grade, tumor size, estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors. Therefore, nm23 protein is increased in neoplastic tissues but no correlation with metastatic potential could be demonstrated. The biological mechanism of over-expression of nm23 in malignant cells and its role in tumor progression remain to be determined.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Cell Line ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Genes, Suppressor ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Melanoma ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Stromal Cells ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The nm23 gene was originally identified from murine melanoma cell lines of varying metastatic potential. A strong association has been observed between reduced expression of nm23 gene and acquisition of metastatic behavior in some tumor cells including breast cancer and melanoma, but not in others such as colon cancer, neuroblastoma, and cervical cancer. It was proposed that nm23 may function as a suppressor gene for tumor metastasis. It has recently been found that the sequence of nm23 and NDP-kinase(NDP-K) was identical. Mortality associated with human breast carcinoma is almost entirely due to subsequent metastasis, but the molecular basis of this metastasis is not understood. Elucidation of the genetic control of metastatic propensity of a tumor is important in determining prognosis and choice of therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of nm23 protein expression with axillary lymph node metastasis and other prognostic factors. Using an immunohistochemical technique and employing a polyclonal antibody to nm23 protein, we have determined nm23 expression in a series of 72 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. Immunostaining for the nm23 gene product have heterogenous cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in 61 patients(84.7%). Sections were scored according to relative abundance(1 = less than 25% of the cells, 2 = 26-75%, 3 = 76-100%). In 61 patients with positive immunostaining, the staining was scored as 1 in 41.6%, 2 in 18.0%, and 3 in 40.2%. The staining of tumor cells was greater than that in normal epithelial cells and stromal cells. No relationship was found between nm23 expression and lymph node metastasis, histologic grade, tumor size, estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors. Therefore, nm23 protein is increased in neoplastic tissues but no correlation with metastatic potential could be demonstrated. The biological mechanism of over-expression of nm23 in malignant cells and its role in tumor progression remain to be determined.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Cell Line ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Genes, Suppressor ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Melanoma ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Stromal Cells ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Authors were reviewed clinically for the patients who revealed ocular manifestations related to systemic diseases in year of 1968 (Table 1). The incidence of ocular changes related to systemic diseases (Table 2, 3, and 4), and ocular mansfestations of various systemic diseases such as infectious diseases, allergic diseases, endocrine diseases, nutritional and metabolic, central nerve system, cardiovascular diseases, hematopoietic diseases and connective tissue disorders (Table 5 to 22) were statistically and clinically observed in many respects. We observed some interesting cases such as macular edema (OU, aged 22, male) related to epidemic homorrhagic fever, monocular pseudoptosis in ocular conversion reaction and optic nerve atrophy (OU, aged 34, female) in toxemia.
Atrophy ; Cardiovascular System ; Communicable Diseases ; Connective Tissue ; Conversion Disorder ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Fever ; Humans ; Incidence ; Macular Edema ; Optic Nerve ; Toxemia

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Ceramics* ; Hip*

The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphologic changes of the sinusoidal endothelial cells and the associated structures of the cirrhotic rat liver induced by repeat intraperitoneal injections of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (100 mg/kg/week). One day to 6 weeks later, rat livers were observed under the light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and immunostained with laminin antibody. Two weeks after DEN treatment, the fibrillar material in Disse's space was noted, and then a basement membrane-like structure was found at 4 weeks after treatment. Laminin was detected in perisinusoidal areas after 4 weeks. Laminin was strongly positive on the fibrous septum and in the sinusoidal wall of cirrhotic nodules after 6 weeks of treatment. The diameters and numbers of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrations did not change significantly until 2 weeks. They decreased within 4 weeks, and then the sinusoidal endothelium was poorly fenestrated at 6 weeks after DEN treatment. These results suggest that as fibrosis develops in cirrhosis, the deposit of extracellular matrix such as laminin within Disse's space is a major contributing factor in the structural alteration of sinusoidal endothelial cells, and the capillarization of the sinusoidal endothelial cells may be a contributor to impairment of the hepatic function in cirrhosis.
Rats ; Animals

PURPOSE: Many articles have proposed that osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is caused by fat embolism or intravascular coagulation linked to hyperlipidemia. To determine whether hyperlipidemia is an associated factor for ONFH, serum lipid levels were measured. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nighty-eight patients presenting with ONFH and 110 controls were investigated. We compared the average value of serum lipid levels and the incidence of hyperlipidemia of the two groups. RESULTS: ONFH group showed generalized increase in lipid level and statistically significant difference in the average value of total cholesterol (P=0.0001), HDL-cholesterol (P=0.0261) and phospholipid (P=0.0465) compared with the control. The incidence of hyperlipidemia of the two groups showed statistically significant difference in HDL-cholesterol (P=0.019) and triglyceride (P=0.024). CONCLUSION: Hyperlipidemia seems to be associated with pathogenesis of ONFH. We speculated that hyperlipidemia might be a contributing factor of ONFH. Hyperlipidemia may play a role as a triggering factor in the pathogenetic process that results in osteonecrosis. However, it can not be ruled out that secondary hyperlipidemia might be a finding following ONFH.
Cholesterol ; Embolism, Fat ; Head* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Incidence ; Osteonecrosis* ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery with minimal exposure to indocyanine green (ICG) dye-assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling compared with no ICG dye. METHODS: We divided 33 eyes with ERM treated by vitrectomy into 2 groups. ICG dye was used in the first group of 18 eyes (ICG group) but not in the second group of 15 eyes (no dye [ND] group). In the ICG group, 0.25% diluted ICG dye was injected into the fluid-filled eye and removed with a back-flushing needle after 3-5 seconds to peel ILM. Value changes in several parameters including visual acuity, central macular thickness, Humphrey automated kinetic perimetric analysis, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were followed up and compared according to ICG dye use. RESULTS: No differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of visual acuity, central macular thickness, and peripapillary RNFL thickness preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.125 for visual acuity, p = 0.734 for central macular thickness, p = 0.615 for RNFL thickness). Six months after surgery, no significant increase was found in any region of visual field in the ICG group (p = 0.392). The visual field was significantly increased in the superior region in the ND group (p = 0.042). The RNFL thickness in the temporal quadrant was significantly reduced at 6 months postoperatively compared to baseline values in both groups (p = 0.011 for ICG group, p = 0.042 for ND group). CONCLUSIONS: ICG dye-assisted ILM peeling does not aggravate clinical outcomes of ERM surgery in terms of visual acuity, central macular thickness, visual fields, or RNFL thickness and can be safely utilized with proper techniques.
Epiretinal Membrane ; Indocyanine Green ; Membranes* ; Needles ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields ; Vitrectomy

Hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that may occur anywhere in the body but is most commonin the lower extremities and retroperitoneum. Radiologically, the tumor is mainly a solid hypervascular mass, andwhen large, has some cystic and necrotic portions. It can compress or displace adjacent tissue and organs, and maycause related symptoms. The authors encountered a case of hemangiopericytoma of the popliteal fossa as amultichambered cystic mass containing various-staged hemorrhagic fluid, and report this case together with its MRimaging findings.
Hemangiopericytoma* ; Lower Extremity

PURPOSE: The purpose was to compare the frequency of metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNAC) and thyroglobulin concentration from fine needle aspiration biopsy washout fluid (FNAB-Tg) in an indeterminate range (0.2-100 ng/mL), and to evaluate the most appropriate threshold value of FNAB-Tg in an indeterminate range. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed ultrasound-guided FNAB and FNAB-Tg in suspicious metastatic cervical lymph nodes of papillary thyroid carcinoma and performed surgery. Ninety-five lymph nodes with indeterminate values of FNAB-Tg ranging from 0.2-100 ng/mL in ninety-two patients were included in this study. The diagnostic performances in multiple Tg levels (0.7, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 50.0) were evaluated to compare with FNAB cytology using sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with area under the curve (AUC) analysis. RESULTS: Forty-two were metastatic lymph nodes and fifty three were nonmetastatic lymph nodes. FNAB-Tg ranged from 0.22 to 90.9 ng/mL in metastatic lymph nodes (mean; 34.3+/-33.3 ng/mL) and 0.20 to 56.7 ng/mL in nonmetastatic lymph nodes (mean; 4.9+/-11.1 ng/mL) (p<0.001). The most excellent diagnostic performance was displayed in 5 ng/mL of FNAB-Tg with AUC of 0.76, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, 69.0, 83.0, and 76.8, respectively. However, there was no significant difference from 10 ng/mL FNAB. CONCLUSION: We ascertained that 5 ng/mL yielded the most excellent diagnostic performance among FNAB-Tg levels in the present setting with a large series with the indeterminate range (0.2-100 ng/mL) of FNAB-Tg values. These results need additional confirmation under different laboratory conditions.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle/*methods/standards/statistics & numerical data ; Body Fluids/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary/*metabolism/*secondary/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/metabolism/pathology/ultrasonography ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroglobulin/*metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*metabolism/*secondary/ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is usually preceded by a long and clinically silent period of increasing insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that rosiglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy (RSG/MET) will safely and effectively control glycemia as a first line of oral therapy, better than rosiglitazone (RSG) or metformin (MET) monotherapy in Korean type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: This study was a 32-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. Twenty-seven type 2 diabetes patients (males 14; females 13) were included and randomly divided into the rosiglitazone, metformin group, or rosiglitazone /metformin combination groups. The primary objective of this study was to determine the change in HbA1c from baseline (week 0) to week 32. The secondary end-points were to determine changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), from baseline to week 32. Other cardiovascular risk markers were also assessed. RESULTS: At week 32, there were significant reductions in HbA1c and FPG, in all three treatment groups. There was no statistical difference in HbA1c among the three groups, but the decrease in FPG in the RSG/MET group was statistically significant compared to the MET group (P < 0.05). RSG/MET significantly reduced HOMA-IR at week 32 compared to baseline, but there was no difference among the three groups. RSG/MET significantly decreased high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) value at week 32, compared to baseline. There were increases in adiponectin from baseline to week 32 in the RSG and RSG/MET groups, and the increase in the RSG/MET group was statistically significant compared to that of the MET group (P < 0.05). At week 32, there was a significant decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in all three treatment groups, but no statistically significant difference among them. The RSG/MET group significantly decreased in terms of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio at week 32, compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, rosiglitazone and metformin combination therapy was effective in glycemic control as an initial therapy, and it improved cardiovascular risk markers in Korean type 2 diabetes patients.
Adiponectin ; C-Reactive Protein ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Double-Blind Method ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Metformin ; Plasma ; Plasminogen Activators ; Thiazolidinediones