PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify premorbid personality, depression and disturbing behaviors to provide information for developing nursing interventions for the pre-demented and mild demented elderly living as residents of their community. METHOD: The survey was conducted through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire in J city. Among the subjects contacted, 89 made appropriate replies to the survey. RESULT: The subjects' disturbing behaviors were significantly related to premorbid personality and depression. The predictors to disturbing behaviors of the pre-demented elderly were sex, extroversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness. The predictors to disturbing behaviors of the mild demented elderly were agreeableness, depression, sex, conscientiousness, and extroversion. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, disturbing behaviors of pre-demented elderly and mild demented elderly are affected not only by their premorbid personality but also by their depression. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage and respond to them with understanding their disturbing, behaviors in relation to their premorbid personality. In addition. it is important to maintain positive emotion in order to reduce their disturbing behaviors.
Aged* ; Dementia ; Depression* ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Humans ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Edema*

In view of the potential of replicase protein as a diagnostic reagent for human caliciviruses (HuCVs), we have cloned and over-expressed this gene from the Snow Mountain-like Korean strains in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST, and described the preliminary antigenic characterization of the recombinant products. Each 470bp fragment corresponding to highly conserved region of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was generated by RT-PCR from stools of two diarrheal children, cloned in pMOSBlue T-vector, and subcloned between the EcoRI and SalI restriction sites of pGEX-47-3, a GST gene fusion vector, yielding pGCVpol. This construct expressed a Snow Mountain-like HuCV replicate under the control of the IPTG-inducible pac promoter. An extract prepared by sonication of the E. coli cell inclusion bodies bearing pGCVpol products was purified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. After Coomassie blue staining, it was shown that the recombinant replicase migrated on the gels with an approximate molecular mass of 46.5 kDa, that was subsequently cleaved into a 26 kDa GST fragment and a 20.5 kDa replicase protein upon digestion with thrombin protease. The replicase was recognized on immunoblotting with the sera from symptomatic children with the HuCV-associated diarrhea but not by asymptomatic sera from adults. The results presented the first biological activity of individually expressed HuCV replicase subunit and provided important reagents for diagnosis of HuCV infection.
Adult ; Child ; Clone Cells ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Digestion ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli ; Gels ; Gene Fusion ; Glutathione Transferase ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Inclusion Bodies ; Indicators and Reagents ; RNA Replicase ; Snow* ; Sonication ; Staphylococcal Protein A ; Thrombin

No abstract available.
Fever* ; Microwaves* ; Perfusion*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Internship and Residency*

BACKGROUND: An animal model was used to study the effects of 85% oxygen pretreatment on the pulmonary toxicity of 100% oxygen exposure in rats. The hypothesis was that pretreatment of rat with 85% oxygen reduced mortality, decrease of compliance and pathologic changes. METHODS: 32 rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 breathed 85% oxygen for 72 hours and exposured to room air for 24 hours. Group 2,3,4 breathed 85% oxygen for 72 hours and exposured to 100% oxygen for 24, 48, 72 hours respectively. After the exposure, survived rats were intubated through a tracheostomy, and inflation and deflation lung-thorax compliances were calculated. Lung weight per body weight ratios were obtained and the lung specimens got prepared to be examined microscopically. RESULTS: Inflation and deflation lung-thorax compliances of group 2,3,4 were lower(P<0.05) compared to group 1. Lung weight per body weight ratios of group 2,3 were increased significantly(P<0.05) compared to group 1, but that of group 4 did not have any difference compared to group 1. Pulmonary pathologic findings did not show any significant differences between 4 groups. In group 3, 1 of 8 rats was died and in group 4, 2 of 8 rats were died. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the pulmonary oxygen toxicity provoked by 100% oxygen exposure was partially prevented by pretreatment of 85% oxygen exposure. And more studies about the method of preventing pulmonary oxygen toxicity should be performed.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Compliance ; Edema ; Inflation, Economic ; Lung ; Models, Animal ; Mortality ; Oxygen* ; Rats* ; Tracheostomy

A 65 year-old male patient presented with a large palpable mass beneath the areola of the right breast for 7 years. The resected breast tissue was almost totally replaced by a round large solid mass (9 6 cm) with a pink-gray to yellow firm, partly nodular cut surface. Microscopically, the tumor revealed the diagnostic biphasic cellular pattern of adenoid cystic carcinoma, which consisted of both cribriform pattern of myoepithelial cells and tubular pattern of epithelial cells. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor revealed immunoreactivities for alpha-smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein in the myoepithelial cells and for AE1/AE3 in the epithelial cells. Mitoses were scarce. Multifocal lymphatic permeation and foci of perineural invasion were also found. Underlying resection margins and overlying skin were invaded by the tumor. We diagnosed this tumor as grade II adenoid cystic carcinoma according to the system utilized for the salivary gland tumors.
Actins ; Adenoids* ; Aged ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male* ; Mitosis ; S100 Proteins ; Salivary Glands ; Skin

A depth of the Tuohy needle in thoracic epidural anesthesia was measured in 101 patients undergoing thoracotomy. The patients were divided into two groups, which were received epidural anesthesia in T5-6 and T6-7 levels. The patient's age, sex, height and most recent antenatal or preoperative weight were obtained before measuring the needle depth. The PI (ponderal index) was calculated by dividing weight (Kg) by height (m). In patients of T5-6 group, the mean depth was found to be 6.14 cm which had no correlation with any other measurements. In patients of T6-7 group, the mean depth was found to be 6.16 cm which had no correlation with any other measurements.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Humans ; Needles* ; Thoracotomy

A depth of the Tuohy needle in thoracic epidural anesthesia was measured in 101 patients undergoing thoracotomy. The patients were divided into two groups, which were received epidural anesthesia in T5-6 and T6-7 levels. The patient's age, sex, height and most recent antenatal or preoperative weight were obtained before measuring the needle depth. The PI (ponderal index) was calculated by dividing weight (Kg) by height (m). In patients of T5-6 group, the mean depth was found to be 6.14 cm which had no correlation with any other measurements. In patients of T6-7 group, the mean depth was found to be 6.16 cm which had no correlation with any other measurements.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Humans ; Needles* ; Thoracotomy

Removal of blunt esophageal foreign bodies using Foley catheter under a fluoroscopic guidance is a well-recognized procedure. However, since this procedure is rather cumbersome and uncomfortable to the patient, the authors tried to find an easier and more convenient modified technique. For 10 patients with esophageal foreign body, we tried the method to the patients who is lying in the right lateral decubitus position and 3 assistants hold head. arms, trunk and legs of the patients without tilting the table and without using immobilizer. Foley catheter is inserted through nostril, nasal cavity and pharynx to esophagus. In order to identify the Foley catheter in esophagus, 0.025 inch short wire was inserted in the Foley catheter. The balloon of a Foley catheter was inflated by 10cc of air, and the syringe was kept attached to the Foley catheter during the procedure. After passage of the foreign body through the upper esophageal sphincter, the balloon was deflated immediately and the foreign body was removed through the mouth. We successfully removed in removing all the blunt esophageal foreign body with ease. This modified method is also fast, safe and efficient.
Arm ; Catheters* ; Deception ; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper ; Esophagus ; Foreign Bodies* ; Head ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods* ; Mouth ; Nasal Cavity ; Pharynx ; Syringes