No abstract available.
Animals ; Caffeine* ; Mice* ; Mitomycin*

The purpose of this study was to determine the kinds and characteristics of nursing interventions performed by adult nursing units nurses. For this study, 433 taxonomy of nursing intervention classification(NIC) of Iowa University research project were used, which were translated into Korean. The data were collected from 110 nurses of 4 General Hospitals from Jan. 20, 1998 to Feb. 18, 1998 and analyzed with SPSS program. The result are as follows : 1. 31 nursing interventions were performed at least once a day. Most of which were physiological complex domain. The nursing interventions receiving the highest mean-use score were intravenous therapy, documentation, medication, vital sign monitoring. analgesics administration, teaching : prescribed medication, hypoglycemia / hyperglycemia management, nutrition therapy and active listening. 2. 20 nursing interventions were performed several times a day by 50% or more of the nurses. The most frequently used nursing interventions were intravenous therapy, medication, documentation and vital sign monitoring. Most of the nursing interventions used sevral times a day are in the physiological complex domain. 3. 256 nursing interventions performed at least monthly by 50% or more of the nurses. Those nursing interventions were all of the domains and the classes in the NIC taxonomy except the child bearing class. 4. 59 nursing interventions were rarely performed by 90% or more of the nurses. Most of them were in the family domain. The rarely used interventions were contactlense care, animal therapy, art therapy, hypnosis and child bearing care. 5. Adult nursing units performed all kinds of indirect nursing interventions and the most frequently performed nursing interventions were documentation, shift report, order transcription, examination assistance and emergency cart checking. In conclusion the kinds and characteristics of nursing interventions performed by adult nursing units nurses were determined to apply to practice for providing standarized nursing leading to a professional nursing and development. Base on this study, the development of nursing intervention classification suitable for current situation and classified studys concerning are recommanded.
Adult* ; Analgesics ; Animals ; Art Therapy ; Child ; Classification ; Emergencies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypnosis ; Hypoglycemia ; Iowa ; Nursing* ; Nutrition Therapy ; Vital Signs

The distinction between cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma of the liver (MCA) is often difficult, particularly in needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration specimens, if histologic features alone are used. To examine the differences in the expressions of the cytokeratin (CK) 7 and 20 in the CCs and MCAs, we performed immunohistochemical studies on surgically resected 19 CCs and 23 MCAs. We used monoclonal antibodies against CK 7 and CK 20, and applied microwave antigen retrieval technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. We interpreted diffuse cytoplasmic reactivity found in > or =5% of tumor cells as positive. CCs showed CK 7+/CK 20- immunophenotype in 63%, CK 7+/CK 20+ in 32%, CK 7-/CK 20+ in 5%, and CK 7-/CK 20- in 0%. MCAs exhibited CK 7-/CK 20+ immunophenotype in 87%, CK 7+/CK 20+ in 9%, CK 7-/CK 20- in 4%, and CK 7+/CK 20- in 0%. CK 20-reactive cells in CCs were frequently columnar in shape (p<0.05). In conclusion, the CK 7/CK 20 immunophenotype was useful in the differentiation of CCs from MCAs: the CK 7+/CK 20- immunophenotype strongly suggested CCs, whereas the CK 7-/CK 20+ immunophenotype strongly suggested MCAs.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Biopsy, Needle ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Colon* ; Cytoplasm ; Keratin-20 ; Keratin-7 ; Keratins* ; Liver* ; Microwaves

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in nutrient intake according to the level of self-perception of health status, aging status and life satisfaction of the rural elderly. The factors for the study were surveyed by interview method. The subjects were 270 people(71 male, 129 female) aged over 65 years(73.5 +/- 5.6ys) in the Ham-an area. The obtained results as follows : By evaluation of self-perception of health status, 57.5% of subjects answered they are in a bad health condition. The 91.5% of subjects had diseases(rheumatitis & arthritis 31.4%, cardiovascular disease 20.2%, gastric disease 10.2%). The women had more diseases than the men(p<0.01). The subjects took medical treatment in private hospital(40.5%) and public health centers(35.0%). The men showed better level of aging status(p<0.001) and life satisfaction index(p<0.01) than the worsen. Living with spouse influenced the aging status(p<0.05) and the more pocket money influenced life satisfaction(p<0.05) and aging status(p<0.05). The elderly who eat regularly 3 times a day(p<0.05) and have a good appetite(p<0.001) appeared to have positive effect on the self perception of health status and aging status. An increasing level of the self-perception of health status and regular exercise worked to improve aging status(p<0.001). The habits of smoking and alcohol drinking, however had no effect on any index. The self-perception of health status affected the nutrient intake, but only in female elderly. The aging status and the life satisfaction index related overall positively to the intake of nutrients. In conclusion, the study shows that gender did influence nutrient intake in the elderly. The women who live alone rated lowest in social resources and health condition therefore their nutrient intake was also extremely in deficit. For successful aging, a program for rural elderly is needed, i.e. actions to provide minimum economic life, food delivery and psychological/physical health care through regional public health centers.
Aged* ; Aging* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Arthritis ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Humans ; Male ; Public Health ; Self Concept ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spouses ; Stomach Diseases

We reported a case of Wilson's disease, which was histologically confirmed by liver biopsy in a 15 year-old boy and made a comprehensive analysis on the sum of 22 cases reported in Korean literature. Although Wilson's disease is still rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic liver diseases particularly in children of 5 to 15 years old. For the clinical diagnosis of Wilson's disease, changes in serum ceruloplasmin, plasma copper and urine copper values are most important as well as Kayser-Fleischer ring and family hestory. The serum level of GOT, when elevated, were always higher than GPT. This atypical transaminase profile may be a clue for diagnosis of hepatic diseases by a metabolic derangement. Among various histologic changes of the liver in Wilson's disease, what have diagnostic importance are anisonucleosis, nuclear glycogenosis and Mallory body, all of which may appear in any stages of the disease. In 3 cases only neurologic symptoms such as dysarthria and athetosis were found. Hemolytic anemia was another rare complication.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Biopsy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a breastfeeding empowerment program and to investigate the effects of the breastfeeding empowerment program on self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding for primiparous women. METHODS: The 5 session breastfeeding empowerment program was developed and a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experiment design was used. Fifty-five participants were assigned to either the experimental group (n=27) or the control group (n=28). Effects were tested using repeated measures ANOVA and χ²-test. RESULTS: Scores for self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding of in the experimental group after program were significantly higher than 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks scores in control group. CONCLUSION: The effects of the breastfeeding empowerment program for elevating self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding in primiparous women were validated. Therefore, this program can be recommended for vigorous use in clinical practice.
Breast Feeding* ; Female ; Humans ; Power (Psychology)* ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: The present study purposed to investigate Korean adults health status, smoking perception. and self-efficacy of smoking cessation according to whether smoking or not. METHODS: This study conducted a questionnaire survey of 694 adults at D County in Korea during the period from the 10th of June to the 10th of July 2004. The instruments used for this study were scales on health status, smoking perception and self-efficacy: of smoking cessation. Data was analyzed by frequency and percentage, mean and SD, chi2-test, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS 11.0 program. RESULTS: The subjects of this study were 503 men and 191 women, and 60.8% of the male subjects and 6.8% of the female subjects were smokers. With respect to health status (t=-2.58, p=0.010), smoking perception (t=10.59. p<0.000) and the self-efficacy of smoking cessation (t=-23.04, p<0.000), there were significant differences according to whether smoking or not. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to make repeated study to find other variables that affect adults smoking and to develop smoking cessation programs that enhance the self-efficacy of smoking cessation.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Abnormalities in calcium(Ca), vitamin D and bone mineral density (BMD) associated with antiepileptic drug(AED) are reported, but the results are inconsistent. In case of intractable epilepsy, poor growth and altered bone mineral metabolism may be prominent, possibly related to previous long-term use of multiple AED and poor activity. The aim of this study was to assess growth status, concentrations of calcium regulating hormones and BMD in children with intractable epilepsy. METHODS: Sixty-six intractable epilepsy patients aged 0.8 to 14.7 years(mean+/-D:4.6+/-.6 years) were included in the study. Height and weight were measured and then height SDS and weight SDS were calculated. Serum Ca, i-Ca, P, Mg, Zinc, osteocalcin, intact-PTH, 25-OHD, 1,25(OH)2D were measured. BMD of the lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorption. RESULTS: Most of the patients showed normal height SDS and weight SDS. Percentage of severe short stature(height SDS <-2) was 1.5% and tall stature(height SDS >2) was 4.5%. Percentage of severe thin(weight SDS <-2) was 1.5% and obesity(weight SDS >2) was 6%. Duration of AED was not related to height SDS or weight SDS. Etiology of epilepsy and physical activity were not related to height SDS and weight SDS. Most of them had normal Ca, iCa, P, Mg, Zinc, intact-PTH, osteocalcin, 25-OHD and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. BMD was not related to the levels of Ca, i-Ca, P, Mg, intact-PTH, osteocalcin, 25-OHD, 1,25(OH)2D. BMD was not related to the duration of AED. BMD positively correlated with age(r=0.75, P>0.01) and body weight(r=0.72, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Most of the children with intractable epilepsy, who regularly visits epilepsy clinic, showed normal growth and normal bone mineral metabolism, but careful monitoring about growth and bone mineral metabolism is needed.
Absorption ; Bone Density* ; Calcium* ; Child* ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Motor Activity ; Osteocalcin ; Spine ; Vitamin D ; Zinc

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and characteristics of needlestick/sharps injuries (NSIs) in nursing students in Korea. METHODS: The study was based on a survey of questionnaires completed by 341 nursing students who had sustained at least one NSI during clinical practice in hospitals. RESULTS: The NSI incidence rate was 36.4%. Approximately half of the students reported two to four NSIs. Most (90.2%) of the NSIs occurred on the fingertips and were caused by a hollow-bore needle (46.8%) or lancet (45.8%). Some students were exposed to used needles contaminated with unknown pathogens (37.3%), HBs Ag (2.3%), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) (0.8%), or HIV (0.6%). Students cited the reason for injury as carelessness, inexperience, hastiness, or recapping. Almost two-thirds of students who reported having experienced an NSI knew about post-exposure treatment. However, only one-third of the students with NSIs completed an official report. CONCLUSION: Korean nursing students lack knowledge about injury prevention, report procedures, and treatment after NSI. A revised educational approach with emphasis on occupational risk, skill development, and injury reporting is necessary to prevent NSI and to ensure that students obtain post-exposure prophylaxis.
Dietary Sucrose ; HIV ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Fever* ; Microwaves* ; Perfusion*