This research was to examine the mother's responsiveness to infant cue in order to improve interaction between mother and infant. The subjects were 144 mothers who gave birth to at general hospital for a public health center in Kangnung. The gestational age of infants was more than 38weeks and birth weight was more than 2500g. A questionnaire was developed by applying the content about infant cue in Barnard's NCAST program. This questionnaire was revised through the examination of expert is in this field. The questions were classified into 3 categories : 10 questions about engagement cue, 11 questions about disengagement cue, and 9 questions about general cue and reflex behavior. Each item measured the mother's responsiveness to infant cue using 5 scales : 2 positive responsiveness. 1 negative responsiveness, and 1 meaningless, 1 for in case which mother can't recognize the meaning of reaction. The result presented that mothers showed positive reaction to engagement cue. However, most mothers still didn't recognize that their infants can lead a mother-infant interaction and show active response in interaction. Mothers tended to treat them as just passive objects. In disengagement cue, mothers tended not to give proper responsiveness to their infants when the infants desired feeding or not and they did not desire mother-infant interaction. In general cue and reflex behavior, the mother's reaction was positive and they took it granted as a infant's behavior. When each item was analyzed by the general characteristics of the subject, there was significant differences according to the mother's age, birth weight, average house income, birth order, feeding type, nature of infant, and infant's age.
Birth Order ; Birth Weight ; Cues* ; Financing, Organized ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant* ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Public Health ; Reflex ; Weights and Measures ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Animals ; Caffeine* ; Mice* ; Mitomycin*

A 25-year-old male with asthma suffered from generalized urticaria, angioedema and syncope associated with exercise after ingestion of food made with wheat flour. Skin prick test with bread showed strong positive reaction(++++), but with wheat flour, a weak positive(+). Challenge test with wheat flour, and food made with wheat flour, without or with exercise, were done several times. Exercise such as 25 min of running on treadmill following 30 min after 50 grams of bread or 50 grams of hot pepper-stuffed rice cake only showed positive reaction such as generalized urticaria, angioedema and hypotension, but not with 15 grams of bread or 15 grams of hot pepper-stuffed rice cake. Ingestion of bread in such high amounts as 15 grams alone did not trigger reaction, not even with is min of exercise. This is the first clear case of food dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) in which the allergic reaction depended on both the amount of food ingested and the amount of exercise was clarified.
Adult ; Anaphylaxis* ; Angioedema ; Asthma ; Bread ; Eating ; Flour* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypotension ; Male ; Running ; Skin ; Syncope ; Triticum* ; Urticaria

Occupational asthma induced by the inhalation of the spore of Ganoderma lucidum was demonstrated in a 43-year-old woman who had cultivated it indoors for 6 years. She had suffered from paroxysmal cough and rarely wheezing dyspnea for two years. Recently she also had chest tightness and paroxysmal and repeated cough immediately after the exposure to Ganoderma lucidum spores. Her pulmonary function was normal. But, her PC20 was 6.4mg/ml in MBPT (methacholine bronchial provocation test). She showed not only positive reaction to skin prick test but also dual asthmatic reaction to the bronchial challenge test with antigenic extract of Ganoderma lucidum spores.
Adult ; Asthma, Occupational* ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Ganoderma* ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Reishi ; Respiratory Sounds ; Skin ; Spores* ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Allergen-specific immunotherapy ( IT ) can be an important adjunctive therapy in the treatment of allergic disorders. Although a number of studies have shown that cytokine production by T cells may be modified by IT, IT-induced chsnges at the single cell level in allergen -specific Th ( T helper ) and Tc ( cytotoxic T ) responses have not been reported. Objective : The objectives of the present study were ( 1 ) to demonstrate differences in the house dust mite(HDM)-induced cytokine production patterns of Th and Tc cells between untreated and treated HDM allergic patients and ( 2 ) to determine whether there are differences between child and adult patients in Th and Tc cell responses to HDM. METHOD: This study included twenty Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-sensitive asthmatics ( ten children and ten adults ), of which five children and five adults received immunotherapy to Df over a 1.5- to 3-year period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) were isolated from peripheral blood of each patient and cultured in the presence of IL-2 ( 10ng/ml ) and Df extract (100ug/ml) for 6 days. After harvesting cultured cells, Th and Tc cell frequencies were determined by a multiparameter cytokine flow cytometric assay that allows simultaneous determination of intracellular IFN-r and IL-4 in CD4+ or CD8+ cells. RESULTS: Predominant Th2 responses to Df were observed in all untreated child patients, three untreated adult patients, and two treated adult patients. On the other hand, predominant Thl responses to Df were observed in all treated child patients, two of untreated adult patients, and three of treated adult patients. Predominant Tcl responses to Df were observed in all groups of patients. However, Tcl responses were more prominent in adults than in children and in treated adult patients than in untreated adult patients. In children, there were no differences in predominant Tcl responses except in one treated child, in whom more prominent Tcl response was observed.
Adult ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dust ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunotherapy* ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a breastfeeding empowerment program and to investigate the effects of the breastfeeding empowerment program on self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding for primiparous women. METHODS: The 5 session breastfeeding empowerment program was developed and a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experiment design was used. Fifty-five participants were assigned to either the experimental group (n=27) or the control group (n=28). Effects were tested using repeated measures ANOVA and χ²-test. RESULTS: Scores for self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding of in the experimental group after program were significantly higher than 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks scores in control group. CONCLUSION: The effects of the breastfeeding empowerment program for elevating self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding in primiparous women were validated. Therefore, this program can be recommended for vigorous use in clinical practice.
Breast Feeding* ; Female ; Humans ; Power (Psychology)* ; Self Efficacy

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Jaundice* ; Milk, Human*

The purpose of this study was to determine the kinds and characteristics of nursing interventions performed by adult nursing units nurses. For this study, 433 taxonomy of nursing intervention classification(NIC) of Iowa University research project were used, which were translated into Korean. The data were collected from 110 nurses of 4 General Hospitals from Jan. 20, 1998 to Feb. 18, 1998 and analyzed with SPSS program. The result are as follows : 1. 31 nursing interventions were performed at least once a day. Most of which were physiological complex domain. The nursing interventions receiving the highest mean-use score were intravenous therapy, documentation, medication, vital sign monitoring. analgesics administration, teaching : prescribed medication, hypoglycemia / hyperglycemia management, nutrition therapy and active listening. 2. 20 nursing interventions were performed several times a day by 50% or more of the nurses. The most frequently used nursing interventions were intravenous therapy, medication, documentation and vital sign monitoring. Most of the nursing interventions used sevral times a day are in the physiological complex domain. 3. 256 nursing interventions performed at least monthly by 50% or more of the nurses. Those nursing interventions were all of the domains and the classes in the NIC taxonomy except the child bearing class. 4. 59 nursing interventions were rarely performed by 90% or more of the nurses. Most of them were in the family domain. The rarely used interventions were contactlense care, animal therapy, art therapy, hypnosis and child bearing care. 5. Adult nursing units performed all kinds of indirect nursing interventions and the most frequently performed nursing interventions were documentation, shift report, order transcription, examination assistance and emergency cart checking. In conclusion the kinds and characteristics of nursing interventions performed by adult nursing units nurses were determined to apply to practice for providing standarized nursing leading to a professional nursing and development. Base on this study, the development of nursing intervention classification suitable for current situation and classified studys concerning are recommanded.
Adult* ; Analgesics ; Animals ; Art Therapy ; Child ; Classification ; Emergencies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypnosis ; Hypoglycemia ; Iowa ; Nursing* ; Nutrition Therapy ; Vital Signs

There have been a few reports suggesting that the imune response to pulmonary tuberculosis provides the appropriate setting for the development of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). To define better the relation between pulmonary tuberculosis and IgAN, we evaluated the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among 386 Korean patients with IgAN. Seventeen cases (4.4%) showed abnormal chest X-ray findings suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis. Ten patients were male and seven were female. Only one case was a child. Urinary abnormalities were detected during the course of antituberculous medication in 11 patients, and after completion of chemotherapy in 2. Chest abnormalities were noted in the remaining 4 patient after IgAN had been diagnosed. Clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis was made mainly based on the chest X-ray findings, but sputum Acid-Fast Bacilli were detected in one patient and pulmonary granulomo was noted in 2. The patients presented various clinical manifestations such as gross hematuris (5 cases), nephrotic syndrome (5 cases), asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (4 cases) and pyuris (1 case) at time of biopsy. Histologic grading of the glomerular lesions was made with modified Meadow classification (1972): one had grade I lesion, 8 grade II, 5 GRADE III and 3 showed grade IV. Follow-up studies were made in 7 patients. Six showed resolution of urinary abnormalities after completion f antituberculous medication, while one pursued chronic renal failure 20 days after the onset. The above clinical and morphologic features suggest that pulmonary tuberculosis may be partly related to the occurrence of IgAN in some Korean patients.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Follow-Up Studies

Omental cyst is benign unilocular or multilocular endothelium-lined cyst that contains either chyle or serous fluid. They are uncommon yet interesting intraabdominal masses that may be difficult to diagnose clinically and often are missed on abdominal palpation. The etiology of this lesion has been subject to much discussion in the literature over the years with the principal debate centering around the question of whether or not this lesion is congenital. It is now recongnized that there is no single etiologic mechanism involved in the development of this lesion. Recently we have experienced an autopsy case of omental cyst occurring in a male fetus. Pregnancy was artificially interrupted at 28 weeks gestation due to suspicious mesenteric cyst or fetal ascites on ultrasonography. Postmortem examination showed hydrops fetalis, hypoplasia of the lungs, ad multifocal calcifications of myocardium. There was an omental cyst in the greater omentum which was 7x3 cm in size, unilocular and containing clear, straw-colored fluid and proteinacious core without evidence of bleeding or calcifications. Microscopic examination of this cyst showed cuboidal or flattened mesothelial lining cells and underlying loose fibrovascular connective tissue with discrete lymphocytic collections. Rarity and interest on the pathogenesis made us redport this case.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; Cysts