This study was undertaken to estimate the effects of the induction agents on the bioparameters such as changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, Apgar score, patients movement, fetal arterial and venous blood gas analysis, memory and emergence reactions. 116 parturients undergoing cesarian section were divided into two groups: ketamine group and thiopental group, and were given 1.2 mg/kg ketamine in ketamine group and 4 mg/kg thiopental sodium in thiopental group as an induction agent respectively. The results were as follows; I) Blood pressure increased in both groups, but ketamine group less increased than thiopental group statistically. Pulse rate did not increased in skin incision in ketamine group statistically. 2) The patient's movement were 5 case(9%) in ketamine group and 17 cases(29%) in thiopental group. 3) There was not significant difference in fetal arterial and venous blood gas analysis. 4) In Apgar score, ketamine group is better than thiopental group. 5) There was no psychologic side reactions in both groups. 6) Postoperative recalling of intraoperative awareness occured in seven patients(12%) only in the thiopental group.
Apgar Score ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intraoperative Awareness ; Ketamine* ; Memory ; Pregnancy ; Skin ; Thiopental*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the therapeutic effects of topiramate differ according to the types of migraine. METHODS: We recruited 38 children and adolescents with migraine who had been treated with topiramate. The effect of topiramate was evaluated on the basis of the change in the frequency of migraine attacks after treatment. RESULTS: Among patients having migraine with aura, 85.7% showed complete recovery, 1 (7.1%) showed partial recovery, and 1 did not show any recovery. Among patients having migraine without aura, 47.1% showed complete recovery, 29.4 % showed partial recovery, and 23.5% showed no recovery. Among patients suspected with migraine, 1 (20%) showed complete recovery, 1 (20%) showed partial recovery, and 3 (60%) showed no recovery. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that topiramate exhibited excellent therapeutic effects for migraine accompanied with aura, and it was effective in migraine without aura. However, the effect of topiramate in patients suspected with migraine was uncertain.
Adolescent ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Fructose ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Migraine with Aura ; Migraine without Aura

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether breast milk feeding at infancy has the effect of a programming agent preventing school-age obesity, or whether formula milk feeding is the cause of elementary school-age obesity. METHODS: We randomly selected 4 elementary school in Masan and Changwon city. We calculated the BMI and obesity degree from height and weight data on the school record of 1, 275 children of first and second grade. The parents of 1, 275 children were asked to a questionnaire about their birth history and feeding modality during infancy. Based on these data, we categorized them into 4- different groups: breast fed for less than 2 months; breast fed for 2-6 months; breast fed more than 6 months; mixed fed. We compared the mean BMI, obesity degree and prevalence rates of obesity of each groups. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference on the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, which was defined by BMI, according to the duration of breast feeding. The same was true for mild obesity and moderate obesity, which was defined by obesity degree. The mean BMIs and the mean obesity degree were not different among different feeding types. CONCLUSION: There seems to be no protective effect of breast feeding during infancy on reducing the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity. However, even wider and larger studies considering confounding factor might be needed to reach a definite conclusion in the future.
Infant ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

This report is concerned with our clinical experience of 150 cases of anesthesia for open heart surgery at department of anesthesiology, In chon Gil hospital from Februry, 1990 to April, 1993. The results were as follows ; 1) Among 150 cases, 68 cases (45.3%) were congenital heart disease and 82 cases (54.7%) were acquired heart disease. 62 cases (41.3%) were males and 88 cases (58.7%) were females. 2) Glycopyrrolate, diazepam, morphine, were used as premedicants. 3) Fentanyl, ketamine, diazepam, thiopental sodium were used as induction agents and injected singly or in combination. 4) In congenital cyanotic heart diseases, ketamine was used as main anesthetic agent. In other heart diseases, fentanyl, isoflurane, diazepam were used. 5) Vecuronium was used for intubation and maintenance of muscle relaxation. 6) Overall mortality rate was 3.3% (5 cases) and the causes of death were low cardiac output, respiratory insufficiency, mediastinal infection.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesiology ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Cause of Death ; Diazepam ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Glycopyrrolate ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Heart* ; Humans ; Incheon ; Intubation ; Isoflurane ; Ketamine ; Male ; Morphine ; Mortality ; Muscle Relaxation ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Thiopental ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Vecuronium Bromide

Diabetes is a metabolic disease, leading to high blood glucose levels, and oral complications were as follows : cheilosis and a tendency toward drying cracking : burning sensations : decrease in salivary flow : alterations in the flora of the oral cavity with greater predominance of Candida albicans : and increased periodontal disease. The increase susceptibility of diabetics to infection has been well known. The cellular and humoral immune systems also require accessory cells, such as macrophages and antigen-presenting cells, for an optimal response to occur. Male rats weighing about 150-200 gm were induced to diabetes by streptozotocin, and were serially sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd day and 1st, 2nd, 6th week of experiment. And then histologic examination on the cervical lymph node & S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were carried out under th light microscope. The results of this study were as follow : 1. In control group, cevical lymph node consists of a capsule, cortex, paracortex, medullary sinus and medullary cord. The germinal centers appear in the cortex. The medullary cord was composed of closely packed lymphocytes, and the medullary sinus was full of lymph. In the features of immunohistochemical stain, S-100 protein positive cells were seen in the germinal center. 2. In the 1 day experimental group, the germinal centers were more smaller than that of control group and most of them disappeared. The medullary cord was composed of loosely packed lymphocytes. In the features of immunohistochemical stain. S-100 positive protein cells were decreased and somewhere negative. 3. In the 3 day experimental group, it is similar to 1 day finding but the germinal center had clear margin than that of 1 day experimental group. In the features of immunohistochemical stain, the number of S-100 protein positive cell was decreased and somewhere negative. 4. In the 1 week experimental group, the germinal center was more clear than that of 3 day experimental group and T lymphocytes were scattered in the paracortex. In the medullary cord, density of lymphocyte was more increased. In the immunohistochemical stain, S-100 protein positive dendritic cells were increased in the margin of germinal center and somewhere negative. 5. In the 2 week experimental group, the germinal centers were more recovered. In the medullary cord, density of lymphocyte was increased. In the immunohistochemical stain, S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were increased in the germinal center. 6. In the 6 week experimental group, histologic pattern of cortex and paracortex was similar to control group finding, in the immunohistochemical stain, somewhere the number of S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was similar to control group. From above results, in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rat, as the germinal center of cervical lymph node were decreased and antigen-presenting cell, dendritic cell was affected, the function of cervical lymph node, which was responsible for maxillofacial immune system, was decreased.
Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Blood Glucose ; Burns ; Candida albicans ; Dendritic Cells* ; Germinal Center ; Humans ; Immune System ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; Mouth ; Periodontal Diseases ; Rats* ; S100 Proteins ; Sensation ; Streptozocin* ; T-Lymphocytes

BACKGROUND: Infants are very different from children and adults in the point of anatomy, physiology, pharmacology and psychology. The mortality rate of infant anesthesia is higher than that of child and adult. So that this study is to analyze the infant's operation and to recognize the tendency and problems of infant's anesthesia and also to improve the outcome. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 1436 infants who had operations from april 1987 to february 1995 according to age, sex, department, disease, operation time, postoperative complications, mortality rate and anesthetic method. RESULTS: Total number of operation tend to increase annually. The male to female ratio was 67.5% to 32.5%. The distribution of patients by department was 60.6% of general surgery, 21.0% of plastic surgery and small percentage of other department. The distribution of disease was the following : inguinal hernia - the most common; cleft lip and palate, intussusception and others. The postoperative complications developed in 98 of 1436. The most common complication was the respiratory problems, the others were sepsis, electrolyte unbalance, gastrointestinal and CNS problems. The total mortality rate was 3.6%. The emergency operation case was 17.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The most common distribution of age was neonate and the most commm department was general surgery and the most common disease was inguinal hernia. The most common postoperative complication was respiratory problems and the second was infection and sepsis. The mortality rate in preterm infant, neonate, emergency operation and long duration operation was higher than total motality rate.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Child ; Cleft Lip ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intussusception ; Male ; Mortality ; Palate ; Pharmacology ; Physiology ; Postoperative Complications ; Psychology ; Retrospective Studies* ; Sepsis ; Surgery, Plastic

BACKGROUND: Infants are very different from children and adults in the point of anatomy, physiology, pharmacology and psychology. The mortality rate of infant anesthesia is higher than that of child and adult. So that this study is to analyze the infant's operation and to recognize the tendency and problems of infant's anesthesia and also to improve the outcome. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 1436 infants who had operations from april 1987 to february 1995 according to age, sex, department, disease, operation time, postoperative complications, mortality rate and anesthetic method. RESULTS: Total number of operation tend to increase annually. The male to female ratio was 67.5% to 32.5%. The distribution of patients by department was 60.6% of general surgery, 21.0% of plastic surgery and small percentage of other department. The distribution of disease was the following : inguinal hernia - the most common; cleft lip and palate, intussusception and others. The postoperative complications developed in 98 of 1436. The most common complication was the respiratory problems, the others were sepsis, electrolyte unbalance, gastrointestinal and CNS problems. The total mortality rate was 3.6%. The emergency operation case was 17.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The most common distribution of age was neonate and the most commm department was general surgery and the most common disease was inguinal hernia. The most common postoperative complication was respiratory problems and the second was infection and sepsis. The mortality rate in preterm infant, neonate, emergency operation and long duration operation was higher than total motality rate.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Child ; Cleft Lip ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intussusception ; Male ; Mortality ; Palate ; Pharmacology ; Physiology ; Postoperative Complications ; Psychology ; Retrospective Studies* ; Sepsis ; Surgery, Plastic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the symptoms of migraine and car sickness coexist or not. In addition, we tried to elucidate whether the car sickness can be a clinical indicator of diagnosing migraine in children. METHODS: A total of 166 children and adolescents who had newly diagnosed migraine and followed up for more than 2 years after the termination of treatment were involved in the study. The co-morbidity or co-existence of symptoms between two conditions in the clinical course was investigated. RESULTS: Sixty three of 124 who had car sickness as well as migraine recovered from migraine. Among these 63 patients, the car sickness disappeared in 44 (69.8%), decreased in 7 (11.1%) and persisted in 12 (19.0%). On the other hand, 23 of those 124 migraineurs continued to have migraine. In these patients, car sickness disappeared in 4 (17.4%), decreased in 5 (21.7%) and persisted in 14 (60.9%). The freedom or alleviation of car sickness is more common in children free from migraine than in children with persistent migraine (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that migraine is closely related to car sickness in children and the clinical course of migraine generally overlaps those of car sickness. We therefore believe that car sickness can be a clinical indicator in the diagnosis of migraine.
Adolescent ; Child ; Freedom ; Hand ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Motion Sickness

No abstract available.
Female ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Uterine Prolapse*

In excitable and endocrine organs, calcium influxes through the voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC), composed of four (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, and gamma) subunits. Four isoforms of beta subunits (beta 1, beta 2, beta 3, beta 4) are known to exist, The cytoplasmic beta subunits regulate the channel activity by accelerating the kinetics of activation and inactivation through phosphorylation. Regulation of calcium channel activities are also provided by alternative splicing of the beta subunits. To elucidate the genomic organization of the VDCC beta 3 subunit gene, two genomic clones were isolated from human genomic liabrary using the whole rat cDNA for beta 3 subunit as a probe. The beta 3 subunit gene in lamda phage DNA was analyzed by Southern hybridization and sequencing. A 19.1 kb clone (2BHG13) contained the whole beta 3 cDNA sequence, consisting at least 14 exons. The deduced amino acid sequence from the exons shows 97% similarity with that of rat gene. Two alternatively spliced forms of beta 3 subunit at 5'-end were found. The beta 3 subunit had many possible phosphorylation sites. Alternative splicing of beta 3 subunit mRNA at 5'-end and phosphorylation of the beta 3 subunit protein may play a regulatory role in calcium influxes.
Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacteriophages ; Calcium Channels* ; Calcium* ; Clone Cells ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary ; Exons ; Genome, Human ; Humans* ; Kinetics ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger