No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Hypothyroidism*

Due to the instability of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients, various methods of reduction and fixation were introduced to obtain stable reduction and solid union, But there have been many controversies regarding advantages between anatomical reduction group and non-anatomical reduction group. The authors analyzed the 68 unstable intertrochanteric fractures out of total 94 cases of intertrochanteric fractures treated from Jan. 1988 to Jan. 1994 with mean follow-up 17 months and evaluated the radiologic and clinical results between those two groups. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The most common cause was low energy injury and according to the Tronzo classification, the type III was most common in 54 cases (79.4%). 2. The average union time was 14.0wks (84%), the union rate was low in the medialized reduction group(A-P) and anterior displaced reduction group(A-P), anterior displaced and anatomical reduction groups(Lateral). 3. The compression length more than 10mm of lag screw was deep in medialized reduction group(A-P), another displaced and anatomical reduction groups(Lateral). 4. The average length of lag screw sliding was 9.2mm and depth sliding of 6.8mm (74%) was occurred within immediate postoperative 1 month.
Aged ; Classification ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Fractures ; Hip ; Humans

From January 1988 to December 1991, 39 fractures of the lateral condyle of humerus in children were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sung-Ac General Hospital. It was possible to follow up from one year to four years and eleven months. The authors have analyzed the method of treatment on the basis of the degree of displacement in the change of Carrying angle and Baumann's angle. The results were as follows; 1. Of the 39 cases, the age incidence was confined to 2 to 12 years of age and the average age of the patients were 5 years. 2. Most fractures were Milch type II (29 cases) in contrast to Milch type I (10 cases). 3. According to the initial displacement of the fracture, 8 cases were Jokob's stage I, 21 cases of stage II & 10 cases of stage III. 4. There were no significant difference in the range of change of Carrying angle and Baumann's angle according to initial displacement of fracture site. However, significant difference in outcome were noticed from open reduction and internal fixation in comparison to closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. 5. In all 39 cases, lateral condylar overgrowth (10 cases), cubitus varus (1 cases) and cubitus valgus (3 cases) were noticed as complications but clinical significance was not noted. 6. The above results suggest that internal fixation is recommended for firm fixation although displacement is not severe. In case of Jakob's stage III, anatomical reduction is required in order to reduce additional damage on articular surface and epiphyseal plate caused by excessive manipulation.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Plate ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Humerus ; Incidence ; Methods

Congenital fibrosarcoma of neonate is a very rare malignant tumor prone to behave aggressively with a tendency to local recurrence without metastasis. It is characteristically composed of collagenous fibroblasts and herringbone pattern in histology. We experienced a case of congenital fibrosarcoma on the left thigh and report this case with some review in literature with 1½ year follow up.
Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosarcoma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Thigh

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the shapes and sizes of nasopharyngeal airways by using cone-beam computed tomography and to assess the relationship between nasopharyngeal airway shape and adenoid hypertrophy in children. METHODS: Linear and cross-sectional measurements on frontal and sagittal cross-sections containing the most enlarged adenoids and nasopharyngeal airway volumes were obtained from cone-beam computed tomography scans of 64 healthy children (11.0 +/- 1.8 years), and the interrelationships of these measurements were evaluated. RESULTS: On the basis of frontal section images, the subjects' nasopharyngeal airways were divided into the following 2 types: the broad and long type and the narrow and flat type. The nasopharyngeal airway sizes and volumes were smaller in subjects with narrow and flat airways than in those with broad and long airways (p < 0.01). Children who showed high adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratios on sagittal imaging, indicating moderate to severe adenoid hypertrophy, had the narrow and flat type nasopharyngeal airway (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cone-beam computed tomography is a clinically simple, reliable, and noninvasive tool that can simultaneously visualize the entire structure and a cross section of the nasopharyngeal airway and help in measurement of adenoid size as well as airway volume in children with adenoid hypertrophy.
Adenoids ; Child ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Hypertrophy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to see whether the incidence of RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) in premature twin is higher than in premature singleton, and to see the clinical difference between the groups. METHODS: Seventy seven premature twins with respiratory distress syndrome who admitted to the department of Pediatrics, Catholic University Medical Center and Chonnam University Hospital for 5 years from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2002 were enrolled. They were classified with group A in which both of twins have RDS (A1=25, A2=25), group B1 (B1=14) in which first twin has the RDS and group B2 (B2=13) in which second twin has the RDS. Incidence rate of RDS, birth order, gender, delivery mode, gestational week, birth weight, Apgar score, use of surfactant, and mortality rate between groups were also compared. RESULTS: Premature twins have higher incidence of RDS than premature singletons. The RDS is more often than in female. The average gestational week was 30.5 in A, 32.6 in B1, 32.1 in B2, and the average birth weight (gm) was 1,470 (A1), 1,464 (A2), 1,803 (B1), 1,687 (B2). Gender, delivery mode, Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minute, use of surfactant, and mortality rate and morbidity showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: Premature twins are more prevalent to RDS than premature singletons. The second twin don't likely to have the RDS than the first baby, but the special care is required because their mortality rate and morbidity were more or less higher.
Academic Medical Centers ; Apgar Score ; Birth Order ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Mortality ; Pediatrics ; Twins*

PURPOSE: A telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation was identified in thyroid cancer. This TERT promoter mutation is thought to be a prognostic molecular marker, because its association with tumor aggressiveness, persistence/recurrence, and disease-specific mortality in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been reported. In this study, we attempted to determine whether the impact of the TERT promoter mutation on PTC persistence/recurrence is independent of clinicopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using propensity score matching, 39 patients with PTC persistence or recurrence were matched with 35 patients without persistence or recurrence, with a similar age, sex, tumor size, multifocality, bilaterality, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis. The TERT promoter and the BRAF V600E mutations were identified from PTC samples. RESULTS: The TERT promoter mutation was detected in 18% of PTC patients (13/74). No significant difference in the frequency of the TERT promoter mutation was observed between the persistence/recurrence group and the non-recurrence group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the prognostic implications of the TERT promoter mutation are dependent on clinicopathological parameters.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Propensity Score ; Recurrence ; Telomerase ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expressions of Ki-67, p53 and p21 waf1/cip1 according to the age and the histologic type of preinvasive and invasive cervical lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Microwave-oven-processed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, cervical biopsy specimens and hysterectomy specimens were obtained from 1997 to 1998 at the Soonchunhyang university Chunan hospital. These included 55 cervical intraepithelial neoplasm(CIN I-III), 14 invasive squamous cell carcinoma and 3 adenocarcinoma, and immunohistochemically evaluated by monoclonal MIB-1 antibody, monoclonal p53 antibody, and monoclonal p21 antibody. Positive index was expressed as a percentage of strong staining cells per 300 counted cells in evenly strong staining area. RESULT: Ki-67, p53 and p21 protein were expressed in the nuclei. Ki-67 was specifically expressed in all phases of cell cycles in proliferating cells. p21 expression was not seen in CIN I and CIN II, but was increased with increasing histologic grade. According to the age, Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in 30 > or =aged group than 30 < or = aged group, but p53 expresson was not significantly different according to age groups, and p21 expression was significantly lower in 50 < or = aged group than 30 > or =aged group. CONCLUSION: Conclusions of this study indicate that cell proliferating rate is higher in young age groups than old age groups. p53 expression was not significantly different according to age and histologic grade. These indicates that mutation of the p53 gene may be associated with the development of cervical cancer, but not associated with the progression of cervical cancer. Besides, p21 expression was increased in increasing histologic grade, but decreased in old aged women. Further study of this paradoxical increase in p21 expression in cervical carcinoma is necessary to clarify the mechanisms of p53 indepent pathway.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Female ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Combined intrauterine and ectopic (heterotopic) pregnancy occurs in approximately 1 in 30,000 spontaneous gestations. Heterotopic gestations are increased in women who have had reconstructive pelvic surgery, Pelvic inflammatory disease and artificial ovarian hyperstimulation. Patients who require assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization / embryo transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer, also have an increased risk of a heterotopic pregnancy. We experienced two cases of combined pregnancy following IVF-ET. Following is a report of these cases with a brief review of references.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

Objective: To investigate the suitability of citrus-press cakes, by-products of the juice industry as a source for the whitening agents for cosmetic industry.
Methods:Ethylacetate extracts of citrus-press cakes (CCE) were examined for their anti-melanogenic potentials in terms of the inhibition of melanin production and mechanisim of melanogenesis by using Western Blot analysis with tyrosinese, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) proteins. To apply the topical agents, citrus-press cakes was investigated the safety in human skin cell line. Finally flavonoid analysis of CCE was also determined by HPLC analysis.
Results: Results indicated that CCE were shown to down-regulate melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. The CCE inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-2, and MITF expressions in a dose-dependent manner. To test the applicability of CCE to human skin, we used MTT assay to assess the cytotoxic effects of CCE on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The CCE exhibited low cytotoxicity at 50 μg/mL. Characterization of the citrus-press cakes for flavonoid contents using HPLC showed varied quantity of rutin, narirutin, and hesperidin.
Conclusions:Considering the anti-melanogenic activity and human safety, CCE is considered as a potential anti-melanogenic agent and may be effective for topical application for treating hyperpigmentation disorders.