No abstract available.
Mortality* ; Tooth Loss* ; Tooth*

No abstract available.
Gallstones* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Facial Asymmetry*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Facial Asymmetry*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Appendix*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, contact history, and status of tuberculosis contact investigations in school-age children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) at two centers. METHODS: This study was conducted with 54 patients in the age ranging from 10 to 18 years, who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB at the Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Children's Hospital, January 2008 to December 2012. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 16 years old; 11 patients were aged 10 to 14 and 43 patients were aged 15 to 18. Among 54 patients, 19 had history of contact with pulmonary TB, 10 had contact with house members (household), and remaining 9 had contact with classmates (non-household). One out of 10 patients who had household contacts and 6 out of 9 patients who had non-household contacts were evaluated with contact investigation after the exposure to pulmonary TB. Among 7 patients who were evaluated with contact investigation, 3 were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB, 1 had latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 3 had no evidence of TB or LTBI. The median period of diagnosis after the exposure to active pulmonary TB was 2 years in patients with household contacts and 0.23 years in patients with non-household contacts. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that if the contact investigation conducted properly, it would be helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of pulmonary TB.
Adolescent* ; Busan ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Humans* ; Membranes* ; Plasminogen*

We have experienced an anesthetic management of 56-year-old male patient with carotid stenosis. Carotid endarterectomy was performed with processed electroencephalography (compressed spectral array, CSA) monitoring. Carotid endarterectomy has significant risk of perioperative stroke and myocardial infarction. For brain protection during carotid cross clamp, body temperature of patient was maintained at 33.5oC and thiopental was infused continuously to induce burst suppression. To maintain blood pressure during cross clamp, dopamine was infused continuously and phenylephrine was injected intermittently. CSA was performed to monitor thiopental-induced burst suppression and ischemic brain insult. After releasing carotid cross clamp, body temperature was raised to 35oC.
Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Brain ; Carotid Stenosis ; Dopamine ; Electroencephalography ; Endarterectomy, Carotid* ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; Phenylephrine ; Stroke ; Thiopental

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the propofol and midazolam against ROS in the isolated rabbit thoracic aortic endothelium. METHODS: Eighteen white male rabbits (weighing 2.0-2.5 kg) were used. The thoracic aorta was dissected free and cut into rings (3-4 mm) and then suspended in a organ bath filled with 10 ml Krebs solution bubbled with 5% CO2 95% O2 at 37 degrees C. Aortic rings were then equilibrated for 90 min, and a resting tension of 1.5 g was applied. The Krebs solution was changed every 15 min. Isometric tension was recorded with transducer coupled to a data acqusition system (Biopac Inc. USA) on a PC. After precontraction with norepinephrine (NE, 10(-6)M), changes in tension were measured following the cumulative administration of acetylcholine (ACh 3x10(-7), 10(-6) and 3x10(-6)M) and nitroglycerin (NTG, 10(-5)M). Data are expressed as percentage of the 10 5 M NTG-induced relaxation (ACh/NTG). The ACh/NTG, before and after electrolysis were defined as the control and the experimental groups. The aortic rings were pretreated with propofol (3x10(-5), 10(-4), 3x10(-4) and 5.7x10(-4) M, n = 8, 10, 15, 13), midazolam (10(-4)M, n = 7), catalase (1,000 U/ml, n = 12), mannitol (3x10(-4)M, n = 5) or not pretreated group (Free, n = 6). After 30 minutes, the aortic rings were exposed to ROS generated by electrolysis (DC 9 V, 20 mA, aortic rings 1 cm away from electrode) in Krebs solution for 2 minutes, which was then changed for physiologic buffered salt solution. The aortic rings were precontracted with NE and vasorelaxation was induced with ACh and NTG at the above mentioned concentrations. RESULTS: Propofol produced vasorelaxation of NE-precontracted thoracic aorta in a dose-dependent fashion in all groups of propofol (3x10(-5), 10(-4), 3x10(-4) and 5.7x10(-4)M) even after ROS attack (P < 0.05 vs control value). Catalase produced vasorelaxation after ROS attack (P < 0.05 vs control value).On the other hand, ACh-induced significant endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation were not observed in the midazolam or mannitol pretreated group or the non-pretreated group (P <0.05 vs control group). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that propofol and catalase preserve ACh induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and that propofol has a concentration dependent ROS scavenging effect like catalase.
Acetylcholine ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Baths ; Catalase ; Electrolysis ; Endothelium ; Hand ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Mannitol ; Midazolam ; Nitroglycerin ; Norepinephrine ; Propofol* ; Rabbits ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Relaxation ; Transducers ; Vasodilation

Rectus sheath hematoma of the abdominal wall is a well-recognized, but uncommon condition, caused by a tear in an epigastric vessel and characterized by sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and palpable mass. In most cases, a precipitating cause can be demonstrated. Causes include external trauma, strenuous activities, coughing, lifting, sneezing, vomiting, straining while urinating or defecating, golfing, pregnancy and the puerperium, anticoagulation therapy, infection, chronic diesase, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, prior paracentesis or laparotomy, inadequate hemostasis or excessive retraction in surgery, and idiopathy. Unfortunately, the correct diagnosis often is missed, and the hematoma is found only during an exploratory laparotomy. Treatment should be conservative in most instances. Although the mortality rate for patients with rectus sheath hematoma is low, the condition may be fatal if the volume of the hemorrhage is large and if treatment is delayed. Hence, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of any patient who presents to the emergency department with acute onset of abdominal pain. Our purpose is to familiarlize emergency physicians with the pathophysiology, the diagnosis, and the treatment of rectus sheath hematoma. We describe a patient with fatal rectus sheath hematoma presenting to the emergency department and give a review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Abdominal Wall ; Arteriosclerosis ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Golf ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypovolemia* ; Laparotomy ; Lifting ; Mortality ; Paracentesis ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Shock* ; Sneezing ; Vomiting