PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to delineate the effects of organizational injustice on negative behaviors of employees with the mediating effects of trust. METHODS: A survey was conducted among 550 nurses in 11 departments of 3 hospitals located in the Pohang area. Data were analyzed using frequency, descriptive statistics. correlation coefficients, regression analysis. RESULTS: Procedural injustice (beta=-.48, p<.001) had the greatest negative effect on organizational trust, followed by interactional injustice(beta=-.15, p<.001) and distributive injustice(beta=-.14, p<.001). For supervisor trust, both procedural (beta=-.11, p=.006) and interactional (beta=-.63, p<.001) injustice had a negative effect. While supervisor trust (beta=-.28, p<.001) had greater negative effects on organizational negative behaviors of nurses compared to organizational trust (beta=-.21, p<.001), supervisor trust (beta=-.29, p<.001) had negative effects on personal negative behaviors but organizational trust had no significant effect on personal negative behaviors. CONCLUSION: To reduce the negative organizational behaviors of nurses, an organizational effort is needed to reduce procedural injustice by introducing fair organizational management and to reduce interactional injustice through formal or informal communication channels between supervisors and nurses.
Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Negotiating*

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Risk Factors*

PURPOSE: To predict pulmonary arterial hypertension by comparing the extent of honeycombing lesion with the diameter of main pulmonary artery (MPA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients (20 men, one woman) who showed honeycombing lesion on HRCT, and also analysized a control group of 30 (29men, one woman) who had no cardiopulmonary symptom and no abnormality on chest CT. On Chest HRCT, we scanned at four levels [1)aortic arch, 2) bifurcation of bronchus, 3) mid-portion of left ventricle, 4) dome of right diaphragm], and two radiologists then evaluated the proportion of honeycombing lesion within the entire lung field. According to the extent of this, we divided the patients into five groups [<20% (I), 20-39% (II), 40-59% (III), 60-79% (IV), > or = 80% (V)], and then divided Group I into two subgroups [<10 % (I|1), 10-19% (I-2)]. Using contrast-enhanced routine CT, the main pulmonary artery (MPA) was measured at its the widest diameter perpendicular to the long axisat the level of its bifurcation. RESULT: In group I (n=11) MPA was 28.4+/-2.6mm ; in group II (n=6), it was31.7+/-2.0mm ; in group III (n=2), 33.5mm ; in group IV (n=1), 33mm ; and in group V (n = 1), 39mm. In subgroup I-1MPA was 26.1+/-1.9mm, and in subgroup I-2, it was 29.8+/-1.6mm. In the control group, MPA was 25.1+/- 2.0mm. CONCLUSION: The extent of honeycombing lesion is closely related to the change in diameter of the MPA. Honeycombing lesion extending over more than 10% of the lung field may lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Bronchi ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Lung ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

It is a well known fact that the major craniofacial operation is a complicated procedure. In this procedure, the operative period is extremely long and blood loss is large, extremely difficult to estimate and continuous into the early postoperative period. The air was should be protected intraoperatively and postoperatively due to frequent airway obstruction. We had experienced of an anesthetic management for correction of hypertelorism. Anesthetic management of this case should focus on reduction intracranial pressure and volume. WE had performed neurolept anesthesia with controlled hyperventilation. The careful monitoring and frequent measuring of blood gas analysis, hematocrit, hourly urine output, electrolytes, body temperature, CVP, ECG, and acid-base balance status are recommended. We report a case of anesthetic management for a patient.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Airway Obstruction ; Anesthesia ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Body Temperature ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Hypertelorism* ; Hyperventilation ; Intracranial Pressure ; Postoperative Period

Cerebral infarction is caused by decreased perfusion to the brain. In the evaluation of the infarction, CT has been widely used but MRI ans SPECT recently tend to increase in use. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of MR imaging with that of 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine(HMPAO) single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) in the patients with cerebral infarction in the points of (1) number of detected lesion, (2) size of the lesion, and (3) correlation with clinical neurologic deficits. Sixty-one patients with cerebral infarctions(acute: 23, subacute:30, chronic:8) were reviewed. In all patients, MRI and corresponding 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT examinations were performed within a reasonable time span. We analyzed the fiadings of (1) clinical neurologic examination, (2) MR and, (3) Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT independently they were compared later on. The lesion of SPECT was larger than the seen on MRI in 9 of 23 acute cases, 13 of 30 subacute cases, and 3 of 8 chronic cases. The lesion on MRI was larger than that on SPECT in seven acute cases, six subacute, and only one case in chronic stage. In the remaining cases, the size of the lesion was similar to that on both SPECT and MRI. For the detection of lesion, MRI was superior to SPECT in 15 acute cases, 13 subacute cases, and four chronic cases, while SPECT was super or to MRI in four of 30 cases at subacute stage, and one of 8 cases at chronic stage. In conclusion, there was a tendency that the detection rate of the lesion was higher on MRI but the lesion was larger on SPECT. The lesions detected on both MRI and SPECT correlated well with clinical symptoms.
Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Perfusion ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

We report here a case of pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma from the uterus in a 45 year old woman. The patient presented for investigation of multiple pulmonary nodules on a routine chest roentgenogram. The patient had undergone uterine myomectomy due to uterine leiomyoma 10 years earlier. We performed thoracoscopic wedge resection for definitive diagnosis. Histologically, spindle shaped smooth muscle cells appeared between collagen stroma, histology similar to that seen in uterine myoma. The tumor tissue tested positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. The pathological findings were consistent with benign metastasizing leiomyoma. The patient was in pre-menopause. She received no specific treatment for lung tumors, and we did not found any changes in the lesions after one year follow up without any medication.
Collagen ; Diagnosis ; Estrogens ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Premenopause ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Thorax ; Uterine Myomectomy ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Classification* ; von Willebrand Diseases* ; von Willebrand Factor*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Tc-DTPA-galactosylated serum albumin (GSA) is a new liver imaging agent that specifically binds to asialoglycoprotein receptor, which resides exclusively on the plasma membrane of mammalian hepatocytes. To evaluate the usefulness of hepatic scintigraphy with Tc-GSA in the assessment of hepatic function, we have investigated serial changes in organ uptakes of Tc-GSA in mice with thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury and compared to changes in histology or levels of hepatic enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute hepatic injuries were induced by intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice. Hepatic injuries were serially assessed by either light microscopic examination of liver slices or measurement of hepatic enzymes. The biodistribution of Tc-GSA was measured in liver and each excised organs using gamma counter. RESULTS: Hepatic injuries in light microscopic examination were not evident at 12 hours after injection of thioacetamide but resulted in maximal centrilobular necrosis and inflammation at 24 hours. These histologic changes were progressively improved upto 72 hours. Studied hepatic enzymes were elevated at 6 hours and reached to maximal level at 24 hours after administration of thioacetamide and declined progressively after then. Hepatic uptake of Tc-GSA was lowest at 6 hours after administration of thioacetamide and serially recovered until 72 hours. CONCLUSION: The degree in the decrease of hepatic uptake of Tc-GSA was precedent to either histologic changes or elevation of hepatic enzymes and correlated with the degree of hepatic daneges in acute hepatic injury. These findings suggest that hepatic scintigraphy using Tc-GSA can be used to detect early changes and serial assessment of hepatic function in acute hepatic injury.
Animals ; Asialoglycoprotein Receptor* ; Cell Membrane ; Hepatocytes ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver ; Mice* ; Necrosis ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Serum Albumin* ; Thioacetamide*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Tc-DTPA-galactosylated serum albumin (GSA) is a new liver imaging agent that specifically binds to asialoglycoprotein receptor, which resides exclusively on the plasma membrane of mammalian hepatocytes. To evaluate the usefulness of hepatic scintigraphy with Tc-GSA in the assessment of hepatic function, we have investigated serial changes in organ uptakes of Tc-GSA in mice with thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury and compared to changes in histology or levels of hepatic enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute hepatic injuries were induced by intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice. Hepatic injuries were serially assessed by either light microscopic examination of liver slices or measurement of hepatic enzymes. The biodistribution of Tc-GSA was measured in liver and each excised organs using gamma counter. RESULTS: Hepatic injuries in light microscopic examination were not evident at 12 hours after injection of thioacetamide but resulted in maximal centrilobular necrosis and inflammation at 24 hours. These histologic changes were progressively improved upto 72 hours. Studied hepatic enzymes were elevated at 6 hours and reached to maximal level at 24 hours after administration of thioacetamide and declined progressively after then. Hepatic uptake of Tc-GSA was lowest at 6 hours after administration of thioacetamide and serially recovered until 72 hours. CONCLUSION: The degree in the decrease of hepatic uptake of Tc-GSA was precedent to either histologic changes or elevation of hepatic enzymes and correlated with the degree of hepatic daneges in acute hepatic injury. These findings suggest that hepatic scintigraphy using Tc-GSA can be used to detect early changes and serial assessment of hepatic function in acute hepatic injury.
Animals ; Asialoglycoprotein Receptor* ; Cell Membrane ; Hepatocytes ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver ; Mice* ; Necrosis ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Serum Albumin* ; Thioacetamide*

Carbol fuchsin is a mixture of phenol and basics fuchsin, used in bacterial staining procedures. It is a component of Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Phenol in Carbol fuchsin is a toxic agent which can lead to various gastrointestinal, ocular, skin, neurologic and renal side effects. We hereby report a case of Carbol fuchsin poisoned patient. Acute renal failure with metabolic acidosis was rapidly progressed. However, she was treated successfully by continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration.
Acidosis ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Dialysis ; Hemodiafiltration ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Phenol ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Skin