No abstract available.
Aortic Rupture* ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To realistically map the electric fields of biological tissues using a diffusion tensor magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (DT-MREIT) method to estimate tissue response during electrical stimulation. METHODS: Imaging experiments were performed using chunks of bovine muscle. Two silver wire electrodes were positioned inside the muscle tissue for electrical stimulation. Electric pulses were applied with a 100-V amplitude and 100-μs width using a voltage stimulator. During electrical stimulation, we collected DT-MREIT data from a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We adopted the projected current density method to calculate the electric field. Based on the relation between the water diffusion tensor and the conductivity tensor, we computed the position-dependent scale factor using the measured magnetic flux density data. Then, a final conductivity tensor map was reconstructed using the multiplication of the water diffusion tensor and the scale factor. RESULTS: The current density images from DT-MREIT data represent the internal current flows that exist not only in the electrodes but also in surrounding regions. The reconstructed electric filed map from our anisotropic conductivity tensor with the projected current density shows coverage that is more than 2 times as wide, and higher signals in both the electrodes and surrounding tissues, than the previous isotropic method owing to the consideration of tissue anisotropy. CONCLUSIONS: An electric field map obtained by an anisotropic reconstruction method showed different patterns from the results of the previous isotropic reconstruction method. Since accurate electric field mapping is important to correctly estimate the coverage of the electrical treatment, future studies should include more rigorous validations of the new method through in vivo and in situ experiments.
Anisotropy ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Diffusion* ; Electric Conductivity* ; Electric Impedance ; Electric Stimulation* ; Electrodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Silver ; Water*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Contusions*

We experienced a case of mitral incompetence due to rupture of anterolateral papillary muscle in a 56-year-old male who complained of abdominal pain and mild dyspnea after being struck by car. Clinical manifestation immediately following injury was minimal, but heart failure progressed rapidly 3 days after injury. Echocardiopraphic evaluation revealed ruptured anterolateral papillary muscle and severe mitral regurgitation on color flow imaging. There was no evidence of coronary artery disease on coronary angiography. Operation revealed that the haed of anterolateral papillary muscle was torn out of its insertion. Mitral valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis was performed on the 50th day after injury.
Abdominal Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Dyspnea ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Papillary Muscles* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rupture* ; Thorax*

PURPOSE:BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVAN) affects 1-10% of kidney transplant (KT) patients and it produces a progressive destruction of allograft. Reducing immunosuppression is the only way to save the graft, while it needs tight monitoring of the graft rejection and graft survival is poorer in advanced case. Leflunomide has immunosuppressive effect and also antiviral activity. Addition of leflunomide may improve BK virus clearance and graft survival. METHODS:6 KT patients with biopsy proven BKVAN (Histological pattern B) were treated with leflunomide and reduced immunosuppression. All patients were monitored with serial determination of viral load in blood and graft function. RESULTS:BKVAN was diagnosed at 14 months (7-28) post transplant, at that time median serum creatinine concentration was 2.8 mg/dL (1.8-3.6). 12.5 months (6-16) later of leflunomide treatment, median serum creatinine was 2.3 mg/dL and no graft loss was found. CONCLUSION:Leflunomide therapy with reduced immunosuppression may be effective in the treatment for BKVAN.
Biopsy ; BK Virus ; Creatinine ; Graft Rejection ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Isoxazoles ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants ; Viral Load ; Viruses

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Diabetic nephropathy is a growing cause of end-stage renal failure, and renal transplantation is considered the best option for survival in patients who experience such renal failure. Patients with diabetes are older and frequently have comorbidity, and only a minority of these patients is considered for renal transplantation. The survival rate of patients having diabetes treated with transplantation has improved, although the long-term prognosis has not been determined. This study examined the clinical outcome of renal transplantation in patients having diabetes compared to that in nondiabetic patients. METHODS: We compared diabetic (n=70) and nondiabetic (n=355) groups of patients for whom medical records were available for more than 3 months at our hospital from March 1998 to August 2008. RESULTS: The recipients were significantly older in the diabetic group (50.6+/- 10.5 vs. 39.8+/- 10.8 years), while donor age was significantly younger in that group (33.2+/- 9.0 vs. 37.5+/- 1.3 years). Cardiovascular events occurring after transplantation were more frequent in the diabetic group (11/70 vs. 10/355). Kaplan-Meier curves for cumulative survival of the renal allograft and patient survival revealed no difference between the two groups. The allograft survival rate in the diabetic group was 100% at 5 years and 79% at 10 years posttransplantation. In the nondiabetic group, the renal allograft survival rate was 98% at 5 years and 75% at 10 years. The patient survival rates did not differ significantly: 100% vs. 99% at 5 years and 91% vs. 91% at 10 years for the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the long-term survival of renal transplantation in patients with diabetes equaled that of nondiabetic patients. Graft survival was also comparable between the two groups. Therefore, kidney transplantation may be another therapeutic option for end-stage diabetic nephropathy.
Comorbidity ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Medical Records ; Prognosis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of cutaneous malignant tumors has been increasing worldwide due to changes in various environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to analyze the overall tendency of clinical characteristics in single-center patients with cutaneous malignant tumors according to sex, age, duration, size, anatomic site, treatment, and concomitant diseases. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and clinical photographs of 319 patients diagnosed with cutaneous malignant tumors (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma, Paget's disease, metastatic skin cancer, mycosis fungoides, angiosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Kaposi sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Merkel cell carcinoma) and 109 patients diagnosed with premalignant tumors (Bowen's disease) between January 2007 and January 2017. RESULTS: The average annual incidence of malignant cutaneous tumors was 2.4%. In total, 158 males (36.9%) and 270 females (63.1%) were included with a mean age of onset of 66 years. Among the malignant tumors, basal cell carcinoma (30.8%) was the most common, while the incidences of squamous cell carcinoma (18.9%), melanoma (6.3%), and lymphoma (4.4%) were also high. The predominantly involved anatomic sites were the face (67.3%), trunk (11.5%), and legs (10.9%). Most cases involved solitarily existing tumors (77.3%), and pruritus (21.7%) was the most common accompanying symptom. Among the 69.6% of patients who received treatment for their tumors, the most common method was surgical removal. No significant increase in concomitant diseases or environmental factors was detected. CONCLUSION: Our study is meaningful as an overall and recent review of various types of cutaneous malignancies that provides preliminary data for further large-scale nationwide studies.
Age of Onset ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Dermatofibrosarcoma ; Female ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Medical Records ; Melanoma ; Methods ; Mycosis Fungoides ; Pruritus ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; Skin Neoplasms ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVES: The physical activity of Korean adolescents and its distribution based on social characteristics have not yet been fully assessed. This study intends to reveal the distribution of physical activity by its subgroups and offer possible explanatory variables. METHODS: The 3rd Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was analyzed for this study. The appropriateness of physical activity was defined by Korea's Health Plan 2010 and physical inactivity was assessed independently. Family affluence scale, parents' education levels, subjective economic status, grade, and school location were considered explanatory variables. All statistical analysis was conducted using SAS ver. 9.1. RESULTS: The proportion of participants engaging in vigorous physical activity was high in males (41.6%), at a low grade (38.5%), within the high family affluence scale group (35.5%). The distribution of participants engaging in moderate physical activity showed similar patterns, but the overall proportion was lower (9.8%). Low family affluence and students with lower subjective economic status reported a higher prevalence of physical inactivity. In multiple logistic regression analysis for physical activity, significant factors included family affluence scale (p<0.05). For physical inactivity, family affluence scale, parents education levels, and subjective economic status were included as significant factors (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the physical activity and inactivity of adolescents may be affected by socioeconomic variables, such as family affluence scale. This implies the need to take proper measures to address these socio-economic inequalities.
Adolescent ; *Exercise ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sex Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors