No abstract available.
Animals ; Germinal Center* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mice*

PURPOSE: The occurrence of traumatic aneurysm is rare in head injury, but this complication is important as it is a potentially treatable cause delayed onset of intracranial hemorrhage. Authors report one case of traumatic aneurysm involving A1 and A2 junction of anterior cerebral artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A-28-year-old man with traffic accident was examined with brain CT & cerebral angiography. RESULTS: l) Brain CT:lnitial scan shows multiple skull fractures involving right frontal bones with subarachnoid hemorrhage and pneumocephalus. Follow-up scan shows intracerebral hemorrhage at bilateral frontal lobes. 2) Cerebral angiography:A traumatic aneurysm which is slowly filling and delayed emptying is noted at the junctional portion of A1 and A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates radiologic findings of traumatic aneurysm at anterior cerebral artery with the brief review of the literatures.
Accidents, Traffic ; Aneurysm ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Brain ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frontal Bone ; Frontal Lobe ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Pneumocephalus ; Skull Fractures ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The clinicopathologic characteristics, treatments and prognosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular tumor in children, were studied retrospectively in 101 cases(128eyes) who visited our clinic from 1987 to 1996. All patients were followed for 2 years or longer. Twenty seven cases were bilateral and seventy four cases were unilateral,. Eihgty four eyes were enucleated. Twenty one eyes were successfully treated by conservative modality. The rest refused any type of treatment. Orbital recurrence or distant metastasis were observed in 5 cases after enucleation without systemic treatment, and one died in spite of irradiation and aggressive chemotherapy. It is widely recognized that the prognosis for survival of retinoblastoma patients, especially unilateral, is excellent, however the authors emphasize the importance of careful postoperative histopathologic review and long term periodic follow-up to improve long-term prognosis.
Child ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orbit ; Prognosis* ; Recurrence ; Retinoblastoma* ; Retrospective Studies

Ganglioneruroblastoma and neuroblastoma are among commonest types of childhood malignancy and a number of unique paraneoplastic syndromes have associated with both localized and disseminated neuroblastoma. The coincidence of neuroblastoma and myoclonic encephalopathy or other paraneoplastic syndromes occurs relatively rare, and therefore, failure to recognize this association could result in delays in both diagnosis and treatment, and the result could prove to be unfortunately fatal. The mechanism which underlies the remote damaging effect of neural crest tumor, especially neuroblastoma, on the nervous system resulting in myoclonic encephalopathy is by no means clear. In addition the nature and the extent of the pathologic lesion are inconsistent. We experienced a case of myoclonic encephalopathy associated with an occult mediastinal ganglioneuroblastoma in a 22-month-old girl who was hospitalized for inability to walk without support and tilting of the head to the left side. She became increasingly ataxic, and during the hospitalization myoclonic jerks of upper extremities and head along with chaotic, rapidly flickering, multidirectional spontaneous eye movements, were noted. Laboratory data included normal complete blood count, urinalysis, BUN and creatinine, electrolytes and bone marrow. Chest X-ray and chest CT revealed a relatively well marginated right posterior mediastinal mass. In a 24 hours urine excretion test, VMA and catecholamines were increased. Over the next 2 weeks, a surgical exploration revealed a right posterior mediastinal mass. Microscopically the mass proved to be a ganglioneuroblastoma, extending to right innominate artery and right axillary lymph nodes. Within 2 weeks after the surgery, radiotherapy (2,400 rads) and chemotherapy (CTX, DTIC, VCR) were started, but corticosteroid was not used. She has been free of tumor and abnormal neurological systemic symptoms and signs for 1 1/2 year since the completion of chemotherapy. In the 3 1/2 years follow-up period, her neurologic symptoms has completely resolved by the completion of 2 years chemotherapy. We report a case of mycoclonic encephalopathy associated with hidden ganglioneuroblastoma in 22-month-old girl.
Blood Cell Count ; Bone Marrow ; Brachiocephalic Trunk ; Catecholamines ; Creatinine ; Dacarbazine ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Electrolytes ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic* ; Eye Movements ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganglioneuroblastoma* ; Head ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymph Nodes ; Myoclonus ; Nervous System ; Neural Crest ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes* ; Radiotherapy ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Upper Extremity ; Urinalysis

Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg CdCl2/kg by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in blood were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to metallothionein(MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(microgram MT/microgram Cd) was greater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.
Animals ; Cadmium Chloride ; Cadmium* ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Metallothionein* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis

A total of 3,119 cardiac valves were replaced in 2,471 patients with acquired valvular heart diseases at Seoul National University Hospital during a period of 26 years from 1968 to 1994. Mechanical valves including St. Jude, Carbomedics, Bjork-Shiley and Duromedics were used in 1,609 cases(52%) and bioprosthetic valves including Lonescu-Shiley, Hancock and Angell Shiley were implanted for the rest of the patients(1,510 cases, 48%). A total of 308(12.5%) redo valve replacement was performed during the same period, and 10 of 308 patients underwent second redo valve replacements. The single valve replacement was done in 1,846 cases, double valve replacement in 602 cases and triple valve replacement in 23 cases. Among the single valve replacement, the mitral valve replacement was performed most frequently(1,377 cases). The male to female ratio was almost equal(1.223 : 1,248) and the mean age was 37.9+/-10.5 years old. But the mean age has been increasing year by year and it reached to 44.8 years old in the 1990's. The overall hospital mortality was 5.3%, and 6.8% in redo valve replacement. However, the hospital mortality for the recent 10 years dropped to 1 to 4%. The number of redo valve surgery has been increasing since the mid-1980's because of structural deterioration of bioprostheses that were replaced during the late-1970's and early 1980's. Redo valve surgery comprised 34% for all valve replacement in 1994. The causes of the redo valve operation were structural deterioration(81.5%), prosthetic valve endocarditis(11.7%), paravalvular leakage(5.6%), and valve thrombosis(0.9%). The actuarial freedom from overall valve failure in Ionescu-Shiley were 81.0+/-7.1%(5 year) in mitral position, 89.1+/-1.8%(7 year) in aortic position and 88.9+/-7.6% in double valve replacement. The 5 year actuarial freedom from all complications in Carbomedics were 90.1+/-3.1% in mitral position, 84.9+/-4.2% in aortic position and 81.7+/-5.1% in double valve replacement. The 10 year actuarial freedom from all complications in St. Jude were 80.9+/-3.8%, 81.4+/-6.1%, 72.4+/-10.7% in each positions. In conclusion, the mean age of patients was younger than that of western countries, but it showed increasing tendency year by year. Bioprosthetic valves were used during the initial period until mid-1980's when mechanical valves were used instead of bioprosthetic valves, mainly because of the structural deterioration of the bioprostheses. In terms of thromboembolism, both bioprostheses and mechanical valves seems to be almost comparable although the comparison of both valves was impossible because of the different period of operation, various surgeon and level of the prothrombin time and so on. Recently the number of valve replacement has been decreased since the 1990's and the number of redo valve surgery and valve repair has been increased.
Bioprosthesis ; Female ; Freedom ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Heart Valves* ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Prothrombin Time ; Seoul* ; Thromboembolism

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip* ; Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory*

PURPOSE: This study focused on local communities and the factors influencing injuries requiring hospital admission that affect the quality of life for Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used data collected from 4,400 households during the 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A stratified multistage probability sampling method was applied and the final sample included 7,924 subjects over 20 years old who had completed the questionnaire regarding factors influencing injuries requiring hospital admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk factors influencing injuries. RESULTS: The incidence of injuries requiring hospital admission in Koreans was higher in men than in women at 2.3% (95% CI: 1.8-2.8) and 1.7% (95% CI: 1.3-2.1), respectively. Statistically significant factors affecting the occurrence of injuries requiring hospital admission were marital status (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 2.22- 5.56), state of health (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43-0.92), frequency of heavy drinking (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.01-3.79), normal physical activities (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.07-2.65), and sleep (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.35). CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be used to develop measures to prevent fatal injuries and be used as basic data for community health programs.

No abstract available.
Carrier State*