PURPOSE: To determine the types of meniscal tears and type of popliteal muscle attachment in lateral disccid menisci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images from 40 patients with arthroscopically proven disccid meniscal tears were reviewed. The type of capsular attachment of the popliteal muscle in these patients was compared with 100 normal controls. Fourteen men and 26 women were included in this study ranging in age from 8 to 52 yea rs. RESULTS: Disccid mensical tears were divided into five types. Arthroscopic cor- relation revealed that thirty-six cases(90%) of disccid meniscal tears were cor- rectly diagnosed using MR imaging. Peripheral tear wasthe commonest tear type occurring in 13 patients. In 9 of these the meniscal fragment was displaced. Hori- zontal tears occurred in 5, longitudinal tears in 4 and transverse tears in 2 patients. Multiple tears were present in 16 patients with the commonest combi- nation of peripheral and horizontal. Popliteal capsular attachments of disccid mensical tears were more prominent than in the normal control group. CONCLUSION: The types of tears in disccid menisci were different from normal meniscal tears. Peripheral detachment with displacement of torn segments was a very frequent finding in disccid mensical tears. Prominent capsular attachment of popliteal muscles is probably an associated finding in disccid menisci.
Classification* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscles

PURPOSE:To evaluate the factors influencing the prognosis in avascular necrosis(AVN) of the femoral head by MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Radiographic and MRI findings of twenty-three patients(30 cases, aged 23-67 years) with AVN identified clinically and radiologically were evaluated. The radiography included follow up study for at least 6 months. The mean age of these patients was 43 years and M: F ratio was 20: 3. MR imaging was performed at 1. 5T unit using T1- and T2-weighted coronal and Tl-weighted sagittal and axial spin echo sequences. We categorized the changes of the femoral head on radiographic follow-ups to three grades of mild, moderate and severe. We also analyzed the changes of the signal intensity and sizes of the lesion at sagittal and coronal MR images. On MR imaging we classified the extent of AVN of the fernoral head to 2 grades according to the size of lesion. RESULTS:In the cases of mild changes in fernoral head on radiography, the mean age of the patient was 37 years and the extent of AVN was below 1/2 in eleven out of seventeen cases. In the cases of moderate changes, the mean age was 43 years and the extent was above 1/2 in five out of seven cases. In the cases of severe changes, the mean age was 60 years and the extent was above 1/2 in all 6 cases. With 95% confidence coefficient, comparisons in the age and necrosis extent revealed statistical significance in severe versus moderate changes and in severe versus mild changes. Comparisons in the change of signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images showed no statistical relationship between each other. CONCLUSION: We conclude that if patient is younger and has smaller extent of the AVN, bone destruction is slower that these factors may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of AVN. However, the modes of the changes of the signal intensity on T1- and T2- weighted images may not be useful in predicting the prognosis of AVN.
Follow-Up Studies ; Head* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis* ; Prognosis ; Radiography

PURPOSE: To characterize MR findings of meniscal cysts of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed knee MR images of surgically confirmed eighteen meniscal cysts. The location and shape of meniscal cysts were evaluated. RESULTS: Six of 18 cases were medial meniscal cysts and 12 of 18 cases were lateral meniscal cysts. Horizontal tears were present in all cases(100%). Four of 18 cases had rounded cysts and 14 of 18 cases had elongated cysts. In 3 of 6 medial meniscal cysts, cysts had dissected into the soft tissues distant from the meniscus, and connecting stalks were visualized. Three of 6 medial meniscal cysts were located adjacent to a meniscal tear. All of the lateral meniscal cysts occurred immediately adjacent to the meniscal tear. CONCLUSION: Meniscal cysts are associated with horizontal meniscal tear. The shapes of meniscal cysts tend to be elongated rather than rounded. Medial meniscal cysts occurred distant from or adjacent to the meniscal tear according to location of the tear. Lateral meniscal cysts occurred adjacent to the meniscal tear.
Knee ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To characterize MR findings of meniscal cysts of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed knee MR images of surgically confirmed eighteen meniscal cysts. The location and shape of meniscal cysts were evaluated. RESULTS: Six of 18 cases were medial meniscal cysts and 12 of 18 cases were lateral meniscal cysts. Horizontal tears were present in all cases(100%). Four of 18 cases had rounded cysts and 14 of 18 cases had elongated cysts. In 3 of 6 medial meniscal cysts, cysts had dissected into the soft tissues distant from the meniscus, and connecting stalks were visualized. Three of 6 medial meniscal cysts were located adjacent to a meniscal tear. All of the lateral meniscal cysts occurred immediately adjacent to the meniscal tear. CONCLUSION: Meniscal cysts are associated with horizontal meniscal tear. The shapes of meniscal cysts tend to be elongated rather than rounded. Medial meniscal cysts occurred distant from or adjacent to the meniscal tear according to location of the tear. Lateral meniscal cysts occurred adjacent to the meniscal tear.
Knee ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Femur* ; Phlebography* ; Prognosis*

PURPOSE: This prospective study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative radioimmu-noscintigraphy and intraoperative scintimetric examination (radioimmunoguided surgery: RIGS) using (99m)Tc-anti-CEA F(ab')(2), fragment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients with rectal cancer underwent preoperative whole body planar scintigraphy at 4 hours after injection of (99m)Tc-anti-CEA F(ab')(2), fragment and SPECT imaging at 18 hours. Surgical operation was performed at 24 hours after injection. During laparotomy, radioactivities from intraabdominal viscera were measured by gamma probe. The radioac-tivities from excised tumor and lymph nodes were also measured and compared with pathology. RESULTS: All nineteen patients were confirmed to have adenocarcinomas in the rectum. Twenty-seven of 97 excised lymph node groups had metastasis and 2 patients had liver metastasis in pathology. Preoperative radioim- munoscintigraphy detected primary tumors in 11 patients (sensitivity 55%) and it couId not detect any lymph nodes or liver metastasis. All patients showed high radioactivity in the kidneys, liver, spleen, and major vessels in intraoperative measurement by gamma probe, and tumor activity was not discriminated from background activity. However, ra4ioactivity from excised tumor was higher than normal rectum (T/B ratio; 3.47+/-2.25). When excised lymph node activity/background activity ratio > 1,5 was considered as positive criteria of metastasis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 78.6%, 73.9%, 55.0% and 89.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Radioimmunoscintigraphy using (99m)Tc-anti-CEA F(ab')(2). has no additional value for preoperative staging and use of early RIGS using (99m)Tc-anti-CEA F(ab')(2)is inappropriate. For early RIGS using (99m)Tc labeled antibodies in rectal cancer patients, further development of more specific antibodies and methods to reduce background activity are needed.
Adenocarcinoma ; Antibodies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology ; Pilot Projects* ; Prospective Studies ; Radioactivity ; Radioimmunodetection* ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Viscera

PURPOSE: To evaluate the sensitivity of MR imaging in determining tear sites and degrees in acute anterior cruciate ligament tear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imagings were undertaken in 19 patients who had trauma on their knee joints. All imaging studies were performed within 2 weeks after trauma and compared with operative findings. The degrees of ligament tear were divided into complete and incomplete, and sites of tears were divided into superior middle and inferior portions. MR findings were compared with operative findings. RESULTS: There were 14 cases of complete ligament tear and 5 cases of partial ligament tear. We could diagnose correctly in all 14 cases with complete tear and in 3 of 5 cases with partial tear. The tear sites were correctly predicted in 10 of 14 cases with complete tear(71%) and 1 of 5 cases with par In complete tears, MR findings were transversely or obliquely coursed band-like high signal intensity within the ACL or abrupt Switch over to as indistinct signal intensity. In partial tears, the tear sites could not be evaluated mostly and the tear appeared as linear low signal intensity lesions in posterolateral bundles of AC/. CONCLUSIONS: MR revealed higher sensitivity in determining the degree and sites of ACL tear in complete tear as compared with partial tear.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of MR characteristics of cystic acoustic neurinomas and to correlate with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MR findings of 12 patients with cystic acoustic neurinomas. The signal intensity and enhancement pattern of the cystic components as well as the location relative to the tumors were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 30 cysts were found in 15 acoustic neurinomas;28 were intratumoral cysts and the remaining two were extratumoral cysts. The signal intensity of all 28 intratumoral cysts was higher than that of CSF on Tl-weighted images, and isointense to CSF on T2-weighted images, while the signal intensity of the two extratumoral cysts was same as CSF on both Tl-weighted and T2-weighted images. Rim enhancement was seen in 27 of 28 intratumoral cysts but in none of the two extratumoral cysts. CONCLUSION: We concluded that intratumoral cyst was due to tumoral necrosis, hemorrhage or degenerative change and extratumoral cyst due to secondary arachnoid cyst formation.
Acoustics* ; Arachnoid ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Neuroma, Acoustic* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We evaluated a rapid preparation procedures for the labeling and quality control of 99mTc-ECD, MAG3, and MIBI using microwave heating and Sep-Pak cartridges. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 99mTc labeling of ECD, MAG3, and MIBI kit preparation was performed according to the package inserts with microwave heating modification. Heating time was 10-15 sec, and heating was performed with 3 mm plastic bottle with screw cap to prevent radiation contamination. Labeling efficiency was obtained with C18 or Alumina N Sep-Pak cartridges. RESULTS: The radiochemical purity of 93~96% for 99mTc-ECD and 95~99% for 99mTc-MIBI was obtained using Alumina N Sep-Pak cartridge. The optimum irradiation time of microwave method for 3 ml 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceutical solution was 10 sec for 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-MIBI, and 15 sec for 99mTc-MAG3. The RESULTS of quality control data with Sep-Pak cartridges were well correlated with TLC method. The total preparation time of these radiopharmcaeuticals was 5~6 min including quality control procedure. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that radiopharmaceuticals preparation by microwave heating and quality control by Sep-Pak cartridges can be efficiently utilized as an alternative to the recommended method by manufacturer's manual.
Aluminum Oxide ; Heating* ; Hot Temperature* ; Microwaves* ; Plastics ; Product Labeling ; Quality Control* ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide

Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PV-IVH)is one of the most important neurologic lesion of the low birth weight infants. Serial neurosonographic exeaminations were performed in 113 low birth weight infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Presbyterian Medical Center from November 1, 1990to July 31, 1991. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The incidence of PV-IVH in the study was 54% 2) According to Papile's grading system of PV-IVH, grade I was 32.8%, grade II was 45.9%, grade IIIwas 11.5% and grade IV was 9.8%. 3) The onset of PV-IVH was within the first 7 days of life in 82%. 4) Poor activity, apnea, bradycardia and hypotension were statistically significant clinical findings associated with PV-IVH(P<0.05). 5) The risk factors associated with PV-IVH were gestational age, birth weight, hyaling membrane disease, patent ductus arteriosus and artifical ventilation. 6) The mortality of PV-IVH was 0% for grade I, 10.7% for grade II,42.9% for grade III and 83.3% for gradeIV.
Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Bradycardia ; Diagnosis* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Protestantism ; Risk Factors ; Ventilation