PURPOSE: To determine the types of meniscal tears and type of popliteal muscle attachment in lateral disccid menisci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images from 40 patients with arthroscopically proven disccid meniscal tears were reviewed. The type of capsular attachment of the popliteal muscle in these patients was compared with 100 normal controls. Fourteen men and 26 women were included in this study ranging in age from 8 to 52 yea rs. RESULTS: Disccid mensical tears were divided into five types. Arthroscopic cor- relation revealed that thirty-six cases(90%) of disccid meniscal tears were cor- rectly diagnosed using MR imaging. Peripheral tear wasthe commonest tear type occurring in 13 patients. In 9 of these the meniscal fragment was displaced. Hori- zontal tears occurred in 5, longitudinal tears in 4 and transverse tears in 2 patients. Multiple tears were present in 16 patients with the commonest combi- nation of peripheral and horizontal. Popliteal capsular attachments of disccid mensical tears were more prominent than in the normal control group. CONCLUSION: The types of tears in disccid menisci were different from normal meniscal tears. Peripheral detachment with displacement of torn segments was a very frequent finding in disccid mensical tears. Prominent capsular attachment of popliteal muscles is probably an associated finding in disccid menisci.
Classification* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscles

Wernickes encephalopathy is an illness characterized by mental disturbance, paralysis of eye movements and ataxia of gait. The specific factor for most, if not all, of these symptoms is a deficiency of thiamine. Wemicke's encephalopathy mostly occurs in developing countries when the patient is in a state such as nutritionally deprived state, anorexia nervosa, stomach cancer, long duration of parenteral nutrition. Wernickes encephalopathy was recognized as a complication of hyperemesis of pregnancy in 1914. Unfortunately, cases continue to occur. We present here a case of Wernickes encephalopathy in a 36-year-old pregnant woman. We discuss the clinical picture, histopathology, radiology, therapeutic management and prognosis with review of the literature.
Adult ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Developing Countries ; Eye Movements ; Female ; Gait Ataxia ; Humans ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum* ; Hyperthyroidism* ; Paralysis ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prognosis ; Radiation Oncology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Thiamine ; Wernicke Encephalopathy*

PURPOSE: To describe soft-tissue radiographic and high-resolution CT findings of radiation-induced lung injury of rabbit over time and to correlate them with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 rabbits were irradiated in the right lung with one fraction of 2000 cGy. After 4, 6, 12, 20, 24 weeks, 3 rabbits in each group were sacrificed and soft-tissue radiographs and high-resolution CT of their lung tissue were obtained. Radiological findings were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: On soft- tissue radiogram, radiation pneumonitis shown as consolidation with air-bronchogram occurred in 3 cases after 6 weeks, and in 1 case after 12 weeks of irradiation. In addition, pneumonic consolidation with adjacent pleural contraction was seen in 2 cases after 12 weeks of irradiation. Fibrotic changes indicated by decreased volume occurred after 20 weeks and combined bronchiectatic change and bronchial wall thickening appeared after 20 weeks(N=1), and 24 weeks(N=3). HRCT findings of radiation pneumonitis were homogeneous, increased attenuation after 4 weeks(N=3), 6 and 12 weeks (each N=I), patchy consolidation after 6 and 12 weeks(each N=2), discrete consolidation after 12, 20 and 24 weeks(each N=I) and solid consolidation after 20 and 24 weeks(each N=2). Pathologically radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary congestion were seen after 4 and 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, collagen and reticulin fibers were detected along alveolar wall. Mixed radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis were detected after 12 weeks. 20 weeks after irradiation, fibrosis was well defined in interstitium and in 24 weeks, decreased number of alveoli and thickening of bronchial wall were defined. CONCLUSION: Radiation pneumonitis was provoked 4 weeks after irradiation on rabbit lung and progressed into radiation fibrosis 20 weeks after irradiation on soft-tissue radiographs and high-resolution CT. High-resolution CT is more precise in detecting early radiation pneumonitis and detailed pathologic findings.
Collagen ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Lung Injury ; Lung* ; Rabbits ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Reticulin

No abstract available.
Lithium Chloride* ; Lithium*

PURPOSE:To evaluate the factors influencing the prognosis in avascular necrosis(AVN) of the femoral head by MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Radiographic and MRI findings of twenty-three patients(30 cases, aged 23-67 years) with AVN identified clinically and radiologically were evaluated. The radiography included follow up study for at least 6 months. The mean age of these patients was 43 years and M: F ratio was 20: 3. MR imaging was performed at 1. 5T unit using T1- and T2-weighted coronal and Tl-weighted sagittal and axial spin echo sequences. We categorized the changes of the femoral head on radiographic follow-ups to three grades of mild, moderate and severe. We also analyzed the changes of the signal intensity and sizes of the lesion at sagittal and coronal MR images. On MR imaging we classified the extent of AVN of the fernoral head to 2 grades according to the size of lesion. RESULTS:In the cases of mild changes in fernoral head on radiography, the mean age of the patient was 37 years and the extent of AVN was below 1/2 in eleven out of seventeen cases. In the cases of moderate changes, the mean age was 43 years and the extent was above 1/2 in five out of seven cases. In the cases of severe changes, the mean age was 60 years and the extent was above 1/2 in all 6 cases. With 95% confidence coefficient, comparisons in the age and necrosis extent revealed statistical significance in severe versus moderate changes and in severe versus mild changes. Comparisons in the change of signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images showed no statistical relationship between each other. CONCLUSION: We conclude that if patient is younger and has smaller extent of the AVN, bone destruction is slower that these factors may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of AVN. However, the modes of the changes of the signal intensity on T1- and T2- weighted images may not be useful in predicting the prognosis of AVN.
Follow-Up Studies ; Head* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis* ; Prognosis ; Radiography

PURPOSE: In order to know the effects of inaccurate laser shot of vertical or horizontal direction, we evaluated the clinical results of LASIK according to the use of fixation ring and the accuracy of the focusing beam on the corneal stromal bed. METHODS: LASIK was performed in 73 eyes with one surgeon between April, 2001 and January, 2002 were divided into two groups: those who exceeded -6.00D were high myopia group (37 eyes), and those who did not were low myopia group (36 eyes). We retrospectively analyzed the results of the LASIK in two methods, the one is the evaluation of the vertical directional error with the accuracy of the focusing beam and the other is the horizontal error with the use of fixation ring. We measured the preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, and the postoperative predictability. RESULTS: There was no significant statistical difference in the spherical equivalent, uncorrected visual acuity, postoperative predictability between the use and nonuse of fixation ring and good and bad accuracy of focusing beam in high myopia and low myopia (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a little difference in the accuracy of focusing beam on the corneal stromal bed and the use of fixation ring would not affect the clinical result after LASIK.
Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Morinda ; Myopia ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report four cases in which temporary complication developed after using Gentian Violet as a marker in LASIK procedure. METHODS: Four cases who had undergone LASIK using Gentian Violet (Viscot Surgical Marker, U.S.A.) as a marker were followed. During follow up, corneal edema and opacity developed in landmark area which appeared as a hot spot in topography. Topical Corticosteroids and antibiotics applied for 3 weeks. RESULTS: At 3 month after LASIK, the corneal opacity and edema were disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary complication may develop by gentian violet following LASIK procedure. When using highly concentrated gentian violet marking pen, great attention should be paid not to make any corneal erosion.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Corneal Edema ; Corneal Opacity ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gentian Violet* ; Gentiana* ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ*

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

The pathology of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease be can described as a vascular distrubance leading to necrosis andsubsequent revascularization of the femoral epiphyseal ossification center. The regional distribution ofbone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in the skeleton can depend on a number of factors, but bone blood flow is amajor phsiological determinant of regional skeletal uptake of Tc-99m polyphosphate and bone imaging may thus beused for the detection of areas with both decreased and increased vascular supply. The authors analyzed thescintigraphic findings of 14 cases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease at Kyung Hee University Hospital from Mar, '81 toOct. '82. The resuls were as follows; 1. Scintigraphy revealed area of absent radioactivity in 14 cases; lateral2/3 portion of the femoral epiphyseal ossification center was involved in 9 cases among 14 cases, and alsoincreased radioactivity in epiphyseal ossification center, epiphyseal plate, or poximal metaphysis of femur wereassociated in 7 cases. 2. Three cases had radiographically normal hip, whereas scintigraphy revealed distinctlyabsent radioactivity in femoral epiphyseal ossification center. 3. Magnification of hip imaging using a pinholecollimator provided good definition of presence and extent of pathologic defect or uptake in epiphysealossification center, epiphyseal plate, and metaphysis. Bone imaging provided earlier and more accurate informationconcering the extent of the necrotic and revascularization process of Legg-Calv-Perthes disease than theradiographs alone.
Femur ; Growth Plate ; Hip ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Necrosis ; Pathology ; Radioactivity ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Skeleton ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate

No abstract available.
Syncope* ; Urination*