In order to diagnose dry eyes with the TMH, we studied the difference in the TMH between normal eyes and dry eyes. And we measured the time that the TMH after fluorescein instillation become the same with the TMH before fluorescein instillation. Measuring thar meniscus height(TMH) is easy after fluorescir instillation, but the TMH after fluorescein instillation is higher than the TMH before fluoresceirc instillation. Therefore, we measured the time that the TMH after fluorescein instillation became the same with the TMH before fluorescein instillation, and in order to diagnosis dry eyes with the TMH, we studied the difference in the TMH between normal eyes and dry eyes. The TMH was O.19 +/- O.05 mm in normal eyes and O.10 +/- O.04 mm in dry eyes, and there was a significant difference between the two groups. The time that the TMH after fluorescein instillation became the same with the TMH before fluorescein instillation was 2.19 +/- O.81 min. in the mormal eyes and 2.29 +/- O.73min. in the dry eyes. Within 4 min. after fluorescein instillation, the TMH became the same with the TMH before fluorescein instillation in all cases and the height persisted untill 7 min. after fluorescein instillation. Therefore, measuring the TMH will be easy if it is measured at 4-7 min. after fluorescein instillation.
Diagnosis ; Dry Eye Syndromes* ; Fluorescein

A 51-year-old female patient who has had pemphigoid since 110 years ago visited Seoul National University Hospital with the chief complaint of ocular pain and bilateral cilia touching the cornea. Her visual acuity was light sense in the right eye and finger count/1Ocm in the left eye. She had bilateral severe trichiasis, entropion, corneal opacity and total symblepharon. Bilateral symblepharon lysis and mucous membrane graft with buccal mucosa was done Left side was successful, but in the right side, there was hyperplastic proliferation of the grafted buccal mucosa and recurrence of the symblepharon. We performed symblepharon lysis and mucous membrane graft using vaginal mucosa in the right eye. Grafted vaginal mucosa looked healthy and no recurrence of symblepharon ocurred during the follow-up period of 1 year. We would like to suggest that if there is no available oral mucosa, mucous membrane graft can be done with vaginal mucosa in female patient.
Cilia ; Cornea ; Corneal Opacity ; Entropion ; Female ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mucous Membrane* ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; Recurrence ; Seoul ; Transplants ; Trichiasis ; Visual Acuity

A 51-year-old female patient who has had pemphigoid since 110 years ago visited Seoul National University Hospital with the chief complaint of ocular pain and bilateral cilia touching the cornea. Her visual acuity was light sense in the right eye and finger count/1Ocm in the left eye. She had bilateral severe trichiasis, entropion, corneal opacity and total symblepharon. Bilateral symblepharon lysis and mucous membrane graft with buccal mucosa was done Left side was successful, but in the right side, there was hyperplastic proliferation of the grafted buccal mucosa and recurrence of the symblepharon. We performed symblepharon lysis and mucous membrane graft using vaginal mucosa in the right eye. Grafted vaginal mucosa looked healthy and no recurrence of symblepharon ocurred during the follow-up period of 1 year. We would like to suggest that if there is no available oral mucosa, mucous membrane graft can be done with vaginal mucosa in female patient.
Cilia ; Cornea ; Corneal Opacity ; Entropion ; Female ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mucous Membrane* ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; Recurrence ; Seoul ; Transplants ; Trichiasis ; Visual Acuity

Measuring the tear meniscus height (TMH) is easy after fluorescein installation, but the TMH after fluorescein instillation is higher than the TMH before fluorescein instillation. Therefore, we measured the time that the TMH after fluorescein instillation became the same with the TMH, we studied the difference in the TMH between normal eyes and dry eyes. The TMH 0.19 +/- 0.05 mm in the normal eyes and 0.10 +/- 0.04 mm in the dry eyes, and there was a significant difference between the 2 groups. The time that the TMH after fluorescein instillation became the same with the TMH before fluorescein instillation was 2.19 +/- 0.81 min. in the normal eyes and 2.29 +/- 0.73 min. in the dry eyes. Within 4 min. after fluorescein instillation, the TMH became the same with the TMH before fluorescein instillation in all cases and the height persisted until 7 min. after fluorescein instillation. Therefore, measuring the TMH will be easy if it is measured at 4-7 min. after fluorescein instillation.
Dry Eye Syndromes/*diagnosis ; Fluorescein ; Fluoresceins/*diagnostic use ; Humans ; Tears/*chemistry

In 33 patients with congenital superior oblique palsy, we examined whether patients fixed with paretic or nonparetic eye in primary, head tilted positions to the right and left, and whether they could fuse in the characteristic head tilt postion or not. Of the 33 patients, 27 had horizontal deviation, 21 had vertical deviation and 17 had both horizontal and vertical deviation. There were 10 'V' patterns in 13 bilateral cases. In unilateral cases, both the paretic and nonparetic eye could be the fixating eye in primary position. There was a tendency to fix with right eye in the left head tilt, with left eye in the right head tiltin both the unilateral and bilateral cases. Twelve ot the 13 patients could not fuse with Worth 4 dot test preoperatively even in head tilted position.
Head ; Humans ; Paralysis*

Fourteen eyes of retinal detachment with macular hole were treated with pneumoretinopexy on the outpatient basis. Under the retnbu1bar anesthesia, 0.2ml of perfluoropropane(C3F8) gas was injected into the subretinal fluid was aspirated with the same needle through the macular hole under the careful control by indirect ophthalmoscopy with temporal lying position. Average amount of subretinal fluid aspirated was 0.35ml (O.35-1.00ml) and retinal elevations were reattached after pneumoretinopexy and three of four failed patients agreed to reoperation were reattached after scleral buckling or vitrectomy. Postoperative complications after pneumoretinopexy were transient elevation of intraocular pressure (2/14 eyes) and new break formation (3/14 eyes). We think the pneumoretinopexy is a good choice of primary procedure for the retinal detachment with a macular hole because it is a simple procedure with a relatively good results.
Anesthesia ; Deception ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Needles ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Outpatients ; Postoperative Complications ; Reoperation ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scleral Buckling ; Subretinal Fluid ; Vitrectomy

A new surgical technique to correct hyperopia by steepening the central corneal curvature was performed experimentally on the eyes of rabbits. After X-shaped incIsIOns at four quadrants of the mid-peripheral cornea, four circumferential interrupted sutures with nearly full depth reaching to Descemet's membrane were performed across the incIsions. The knots were tightened in order to shorten the cornea in the direction of the suture and eventually to shorten the circumference of the mid-peripheral cornea, which, in turn, induced a forward bulging of the central cornea. Twenty-three eyes of 12 albino rabbits were divided into group A (7 eyes) with 4mm of optical zone, group B (9 eyes) with 6mm of optical zone, and group C which, as the control group, consisted of 7 contralateral eyes of gorup A without any incision or suture. There were significant changes (p Cornea ; Descemet Membrane ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hyperopia* ; Rabbits* ; Reading ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures*

Corneal neovascularization, which is associated with complications in corneal diseases, can cause lipid deposit, decreasing vision, and graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Corneal laser photocoagulation using an argon laser or yellow dye laser for ablation of corneal neovascularization has been described. We performed corneal argon laser photocoagulation (CALP) in two male patients with corneal neovascularization after herpetic keratitis. One PKP was performed after CALP and restored good vision with no rejection of the graft during an 8 month follow-up period. In the other case we observed visual improvement and no recurrence of corneal neovascularization after CALP.
Adult ; Corneal Neovascularization/etiology/*surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratitis, Herpetic/complications ; *Laser Coagulation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Visual Acuity

To quantify the dynamic changes taking place in the anterior segment, we measured the anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and their difference between sexes and age groups in normal eyes using contact ultrasonography and anterior chamber photography. There were 141 women (241 eyes) and 76 men (130 eyes) between the ages of 10 and 70 years. In normal eyes, the lens thickness was increased and the anterior chamber depth was decreased with aging in both sexes. The anterior chamber depth showed an accelerated decrease between the 4th and 5th decades in females and the ratio of anterior chamber depth to axial length was smaller in females than in males after the 5th decade. The results suggested that the prevalence of angle closure glaucoma will be increased in females after middle age.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Anterior Chamber/anatomy & histology ; Child ; Eye/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Middle Aged

To find out the optimal temperature of infusion fluid during vitrectomy, five rabbit eyes were infused with body temperature (37C) Balanced Salt Solution Plus (BSS Plus, Alcon Laboratories) and the other five eyes with room temperature (22C) BSS Plus. We recorded the ERGs before operation and 2 days, 7 days and 28 days after operation and each recording was plotted on paper with automatically measured amplitude. The a-wave amplitude, b-wave amplitude and b/a ratio showed no significant difference between 22C and 37C groups before operation and 2 days, 7 days and 28 days after operation. The a-wave amplitudes were decreased, b/a ratios were increased and b-wave amplitudes was not changed after operation in both 22C and 37C group. We suggest that there is no difference in the effects of infusion fluid to retinal function whether we use room temperature or body temperature infusion fluid.
Body Temperature ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitrectomy*