During the past two decades, silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) has become one of the most extensively applied biomaterials. Although pure silicone is relatively inert and usually causes only minimal tissue reactions, it has been reported to evoke a definite foreign body reaction. We studied five cases of silicone-induced granulomas in various sites; two in the breast, one in the breast and axillary lymph nodes, one in the subcutis of the abdomen, back and extremities and one in the eyeball, to illustrate the salient histopathologic features of reactions to silicone with particular emphasis to its differences from paraffin granuloma. For this, 17 paraffinomas were also studied. Tissue reaction to silicone liquid and gel was characterized by numerous round to oval empty cystic vacuoles, mild to moderate fat necrosis, foreign body reaction, a variable degree of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration and mild focal fibrosis. The cystic spaces were relatively uniform and showed a snow-man like appearance. In contrast to the silicone granulomas, the paraffinomas, also refered to as sclerosing lipogranulomas showed diffuse sclerosis and frequent calcification around the cystic vacuoles. The cystic spaces in paraffinomas were swiss cheese-like configuration, and the content of the cystic spaces was dirty and frequently calcified. However, there were certain similarities between these two types of granulomas particularly in the early phases of the reaction, therefore, the history of silicone injection or implant, is sometimes critical to the diagnosis of silicone granuloma. Despite great technologic advances in the manufacturing of prostheses and medical equipment, droplets and/or particles of silicone still escape into the body tissues in a variety of ways; therefores, the pathologist should always wonder whether the histologic reaction observed is due to silicone or to some other foreign material including paraffin.

Cutaneous horn is a clinical decription for a cohesive mass of cornified mterial protruding from the surface of the skin. The incidence of cutancous horn is relaively rare and the lesion is usually single, The predilection sites are known to be the exposed area of the skin, that is, face, ear, dorsum cf hand etc. Soles are reported as the least common site of the cutaneous horn. Here, we report two cases of cutaneous horn. The one was a 49 year old schzophrenic male who had multiple cone shaped protrusions on hoth soles for 10 year. The other was 17 year old, boy who had a single cornified protrusion on the left forhead. The histopa.thologic findings from the base of two cases were consistent with benign hyperplastic epithelium.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Ear ; Epithelium ; Hand ; Horns* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin

Thirty two cases of nevus sebaceus were studied by immunohistochemical staining employing three anticytokeratin antibodies(34bE, 34bB, CAM 5.2) and anti-involucrin antibody in order to clarify the biochemical characteristics of the covering epidermis of nevus sebaceus. An attempt was made to compare the expression pattern of these proteins in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus with that in normal skin and in epidermal nevus. Serial sections in all cases were also stained with PAS in attempt to correlate these protein expression with the amount of glycogen in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus. The following results are obtained. 1. The expression of cytokeratin and involucrin in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus was changed as the age of the lesions increased, but we could not identify a uniform pattern according to the age of lesions. 2. Several CAM 5.2 positive cells were found in the basal layer of the epidermis of nevus sebaceus lesion obtained from patients over 10 years of age. 3. The expression of cytokeratin and involucrin did not show any correlation with glycogen content. These results suggest that the covering epidermis of the lesion of nevus sebaceus may not be nevoid proliferation of epidermal nevus.
Epidermis* ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Keratins* ; Nevus* ; Skin

Three cases of angiosarcoma of the breast are described. One case in a 66 year old woman was a solid mass and histologically showed poor differentiation leading to a death 14 months after the diagnosis. Another two in 46 and 25 year old females were large vascular masses showing moderate differentiation with endothelial tufting and papillary projections, and abdominal and contralateral mammary, and liver metastasis occurred within postoperative 10 months and 6 months in each case. A radical mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy in case 2 were not lifesaving. Although histologic degree of differentiation seems prognosis-related, angiosarcoma is the most malignant tumor of the breast.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is a distinct clinicopathologic entity with unique microscopic findings and benign clinical course. This tumor is composed of intervening dense fibrocollagenous trabeculae, well defined mucoid areas and varying amounts of mature fat, which are arranged in organoid growth pattern. We report three typical cases of this tumor which were experienced during the recent two years at the Seoul National University Hospital. It is the first description on this tumor in Korean literature. Case 1 was a 10 month old boy who was admitted due to a mass in the right infra clavicular area for 6 months. The mass showed irregular and poorly circumscribed outer surface. Case 2 was a one month old girl who was presented with a diffuse ill defined hairy mass in the left buttock since birth. Case 3 was a 15 month old boy who was brought to the hospital due to well circumscribed scrotal mass fot 8 months. Microscopically all three cases showed very similar histological features. And all 3 cases are well after the removal of the tumors.
Hamartoma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fibroblasts interact with eosinophils and play a key role in the pathogenesis of airway diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate whether Th1 or Th2 type cytokines can induce mRNA and protein expression of eotaxin and RANTES in human nasal fibroblast (HNF) and to verify the correlation between the stimulation of different cytokines and chemokines in HNF. Materials and Methods: Cultured HNF were stimulated by IL-13, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-13 with TNF-alpha, IL-13 with IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha with IFN-gamma for 6, 24 and 48 hours. In addition, HNF were stimulated by different concentration of IL-13 (0.2, 2, 20, 200 ng/ml). MRNA expression of eotaxin and RANTES were revealed by RT-PCR and protein of eotaxin and RANTES were revealed by ELISA. RESULTS: TNF-alpha and IFN-gammar induced mRNA and protein expression of RANTES in HNF and they synergistically induced protein expression of RANTES. RANTES expression increased in a time dependent manner. IL-13 induced mRNA and protein expression of eotaxin in HNF and it synergistically reacted with TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma. The effects of IL-13 on mRNA and protein expression of eotaxin increased in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Th1 or Th2 type cytokines induce mRNA and protein expression of eotaxin and RANTES in human nasal fibroblasts. TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma induce more RANTES than eotaxin but IL-13 induces more eotaxin than RANTES. There may be some synergic effects of cytokines for mRNA and protein expression of chemokines.
Chemokine CCL5* ; Chemokines ; Cytokines* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Interleukin-13 ; RNA, Messenger* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

No abstract available.
Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Pseudorabies*

Conservative treatment is the main therapy for cervicobrachial syndrome, scapulohumeral periarthritis, and lumbago as diseases with both pain and myotonia. The-conservative treatment mainly consists of medication, physiotherapy, and kinesiotherapy. In the recent years, attempts have been made to give relief to myotonia through combination therapy with antiinflammatory analgesics and muscle relaxants. The muscle relaxants using in general are tolperisone hydrochloride, chlormezanone, and diazepam. Eperizone hydrochloride(Mulex tablet) is a beta-propriophenone derivatives and a central acting muscle relaxant, And it benefited subjective symptoms such as muscular pain (lumbago, neck pain) and a stiff muscle sensation (shoulder tension, tension feeling of lower limb). Among 22 patients, there were 14 lumbagos, two cephalobrachial syndromes, one scapulohumeral periarthritis, and five combined patients were chosen and duration of symptom was 5 years (3months-15years) in average. Mulex tablet was administered in a dose of 3 tablets (150rag) per day in 22 patients for 6 weeks prospectively. We analysed general improvement rating (GIR), general usefulness rating(GUR), and overall safety rating. The general improvement rate was 78% and the aggravation rate was 4%. The complication after, madication was infrequently gastrointestinal trouble. Incidence of side effect was 22%, but all these complications were insignificant. Hematology, blood chemistry, and urinalysis after medication were normal.
Analgesics ; Chemistry ; Chlormezanone ; Diazepam ; Hematology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Low Back Pain ; Myotonia ; Neck ; Periarthritis ; Prospective Studies ; Sensation ; Tablets ; Tolperisone ; Urinalysis

Isolated absence of the ductus arteriosus is extremely rare condition although the ductus arteriosus may be hypoplastic or aplastic in association with other aortic arch anomalies. Authors described a case of isolated agenesis of the ductus arteriosus documented by postmortem examination of a newborn infant who died of pneumonia following operation for a large omphalocele. The heart showed ventricular septal defect. However, no other cardiovascular anomalies were associated in this case. There were three vessels that were taking off from the aorta consisted of the right brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid-artery and left subclavian artery. The anteriorly located pulmonary artery was divided into the right and left pulmonary arteries. There was no connection of vessel between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
Abnormalities, Multiple/embryology/pathology ; Ductus Arteriosus/*abnormalities ; Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology/pathology ; Hernia, Umbilical/complications ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

About 5% of patients with SCLC have the ectopic production of ACTH. Ectopic ACTH production of SCLC is suspected when patients of SCLC have unexplained metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia. Most patients lack the classic feature of Cushing's syndrome. According to the recent report, they have poor prognosis, which median survival is less than 4 months and associated with a high rate of complication during chemotherapy. Also a case of paraneoplastic CRH production with SCLC can mimic the ectopic ACTH syndrome hut it can be distinguished by immunohistochemistry or direct measurement of serum CRH level. We report here a case of small cell lung cancer associated with Cushing's syndrome of ectopic ACTH production. That is immunohistochemically provened by staining with ACTH.
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone* ; Alkalosis ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma