During the past two decades, silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) has become one of the most extensively applied biomaterials. Although pure silicone is relatively inert and usually causes only minimal tissue reactions, it has been reported to evoke a definite foreign body reaction. We studied five cases of silicone-induced granulomas in various sites; two in the breast, one in the breast and axillary lymph nodes, one in the subcutis of the abdomen, back and extremities and one in the eyeball, to illustrate the salient histopathologic features of reactions to silicone with particular emphasis to its differences from paraffin granuloma. For this, 17 paraffinomas were also studied. Tissue reaction to silicone liquid and gel was characterized by numerous round to oval empty cystic vacuoles, mild to moderate fat necrosis, foreign body reaction, a variable degree of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration and mild focal fibrosis. The cystic spaces were relatively uniform and showed a snow-man like appearance. In contrast to the silicone granulomas, the paraffinomas, also refered to as sclerosing lipogranulomas showed diffuse sclerosis and frequent calcification around the cystic vacuoles. The cystic spaces in paraffinomas were swiss cheese-like configuration, and the content of the cystic spaces was dirty and frequently calcified. However, there were certain similarities between these two types of granulomas particularly in the early phases of the reaction, therefore, the history of silicone injection or implant, is sometimes critical to the diagnosis of silicone granuloma. Despite great technologic advances in the manufacturing of prostheses and medical equipment, droplets and/or particles of silicone still escape into the body tissues in a variety of ways; therefores, the pathologist should always wonder whether the histologic reaction observed is due to silicone or to some other foreign material including paraffin.

Cutaneous horn is a clinical decription for a cohesive mass of cornified mterial protruding from the surface of the skin. The incidence of cutancous horn is relaively rare and the lesion is usually single, The predilection sites are known to be the exposed area of the skin, that is, face, ear, dorsum cf hand etc. Soles are reported as the least common site of the cutaneous horn. Here, we report two cases of cutaneous horn. The one was a 49 year old schzophrenic male who had multiple cone shaped protrusions on hoth soles for 10 year. The other was 17 year old, boy who had a single cornified protrusion on the left forhead. The histopa.thologic findings from the base of two cases were consistent with benign hyperplastic epithelium.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Ear ; Epithelium ; Hand ; Horns* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin

Thirty two cases of nevus sebaceus were studied by immunohistochemical staining employing three anticytokeratin antibodies(34bE, 34bB, CAM 5.2) and anti-involucrin antibody in order to clarify the biochemical characteristics of the covering epidermis of nevus sebaceus. An attempt was made to compare the expression pattern of these proteins in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus with that in normal skin and in epidermal nevus. Serial sections in all cases were also stained with PAS in attempt to correlate these protein expression with the amount of glycogen in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus. The following results are obtained. 1. The expression of cytokeratin and involucrin in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus was changed as the age of the lesions increased, but we could not identify a uniform pattern according to the age of lesions. 2. Several CAM 5.2 positive cells were found in the basal layer of the epidermis of nevus sebaceus lesion obtained from patients over 10 years of age. 3. The expression of cytokeratin and involucrin did not show any correlation with glycogen content. These results suggest that the covering epidermis of the lesion of nevus sebaceus may not be nevoid proliferation of epidermal nevus.
Epidermis* ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Keratins* ; Nevus* ; Skin

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is a distinct clinicopathologic entity with unique microscopic findings and benign clinical course. This tumor is composed of intervening dense fibrocollagenous trabeculae, well defined mucoid areas and varying amounts of mature fat, which are arranged in organoid growth pattern. We report three typical cases of this tumor which were experienced during the recent two years at the Seoul National University Hospital. It is the first description on this tumor in Korean literature. Case 1 was a 10 month old boy who was admitted due to a mass in the right infra clavicular area for 6 months. The mass showed irregular and poorly circumscribed outer surface. Case 2 was a one month old girl who was presented with a diffuse ill defined hairy mass in the left buttock since birth. Case 3 was a 15 month old boy who was brought to the hospital due to well circumscribed scrotal mass fot 8 months. Microscopically all three cases showed very similar histological features. And all 3 cases are well after the removal of the tumors.
Hamartoma

Three cases of angiosarcoma of the breast are described. One case in a 66 year old woman was a solid mass and histologically showed poor differentiation leading to a death 14 months after the diagnosis. Another two in 46 and 25 year old females were large vascular masses showing moderate differentiation with endothelial tufting and papillary projections, and abdominal and contralateral mammary, and liver metastasis occurred within postoperative 10 months and 6 months in each case. A radical mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy in case 2 were not lifesaving. Although histologic degree of differentiation seems prognosis-related, angiosarcoma is the most malignant tumor of the breast.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Pseudorabies*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fibroblasts interact with eosinophils and play a key role in the pathogenesis of airway diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate whether Th1 or Th2 type cytokines can induce mRNA and protein expression of eotaxin and RANTES in human nasal fibroblast (HNF) and to verify the correlation between the stimulation of different cytokines and chemokines in HNF. Materials and Methods: Cultured HNF were stimulated by IL-13, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-13 with TNF-alpha, IL-13 with IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha with IFN-gamma for 6, 24 and 48 hours. In addition, HNF were stimulated by different concentration of IL-13 (0.2, 2, 20, 200 ng/ml). MRNA expression of eotaxin and RANTES were revealed by RT-PCR and protein of eotaxin and RANTES were revealed by ELISA. RESULTS: TNF-alpha and IFN-gammar induced mRNA and protein expression of RANTES in HNF and they synergistically induced protein expression of RANTES. RANTES expression increased in a time dependent manner. IL-13 induced mRNA and protein expression of eotaxin in HNF and it synergistically reacted with TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma. The effects of IL-13 on mRNA and protein expression of eotaxin increased in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Th1 or Th2 type cytokines induce mRNA and protein expression of eotaxin and RANTES in human nasal fibroblasts. TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma induce more RANTES than eotaxin but IL-13 induces more eotaxin than RANTES. There may be some synergic effects of cytokines for mRNA and protein expression of chemokines.
Chemokine CCL5* ; Chemokines ; Cytokines* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Interleukin-13 ; RNA, Messenger* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a destructive joint disease requiring early hip arthroplasty. The polyethylene-metal design using a 22-mm femoral head component, introduced by Charnley in 1950, has been widely used for over half a century. Since then, different materials with the capacity to minimize friction between bearing surfaces and various cement or cementless insert fixations have been developed. Although the outcome of second and third generation designs using better bearing materials and technologies has been favorable, less favorable results are seen with total hip arthroplasty in young patients with osteonecrosis. Selection of appropriate materials for hip arthroplasty is important for any potential revisions that might become inevitable due to the limited durability of a prosthetic hip joint. Alternative hip arthroplasties, which include hemiresurfacing arthroplasty and bipolar hemiarthroplasty, have not been found to have acceptable outcomes. Metal-on-metal resurfacing has recently been suggested as a feasible option for young patients with extra physical demands; however, concerns about complications such as hypersensitivity reaction or pseudotumor formation on metal bearings have emerged. To ensure successful long-term outcomes in hip arthroplasty, factors such as insert stabilization and surfaces with less friction are essential. Understanding these aspects in arthroplasty is important to selection of proper materials and to making appropriate decisions for patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Friction ; Head* ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Joint Diseases ; Osteonecrosis*

No abstract available.
Sperm Motility* ; Spermatozoa*

A retrospective histological study of 540 malignant lymphomas diagnosed at the Department of Pathology of the Seoul National University from 1976 through 1986 is presented. Malignant lymphoma is the 10th most common malignant tumor in Korea, comprising 3.07% of all malignancy during period of study. Among malignant lymphomas non-Hodgkin's lymphoma accounted for 82% and accordingly the Hodgkin's disease was for 18%. The most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was diffuse histiocytic lymphoma of Rappaport. Follicular lymphoma was very rare, comprising only 2.3%. T-cell lymphoma accounted for 9.6% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the most frequent type being lymphoblastic lymphoma. Immunoblastic sarcoma and mycosis fungoides were occasionally seen but there was no case of pleomorphic adult T-cell lymphoma. Among Hodgkin's diseases, mixed cellularity type was the most common type, and nodular sclerosis type was relatively rare.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease/*ethnology/pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology/*ethnology/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged