PURPOSE: This study tried to explore factors influencing on job maintenance of the mentally disabled who employed before. The subjects of this study were the mentally disabled who participated in community mental health center and social rehabilitation center, there had experienced a job in the past. METHODS: The number of community centers were 27 places, there were located in different region. The number of participants were 221 persons agreed to this study. Data was analyzed by Mean, SD and logistic regression analyzation using SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: General character such as age was significant factor. Monthly pay and working a day in the midst of job related factors were significant. Moreover, job rehabilitation program satisfaction rate and social support revealed significant factors. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results, Job rehabilitation programs for job maintenance of the mentally disabled should be development and establish mediate strategies to improve social support to them.
Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation, Vocational

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the entity of critical care nursing practices through analyzing nursing statements described by electronic nursing records in a MICU. METHODS: 176,459 nursing statements of 188 patients during a 6 month-stay were analyzed statement by statement according to the nursing process(nursing phenomena, nursing diagnosis, & nursing activity) and 21 nursing components of Saba's Clinical Care Classification. RESULTS: Among 176,459 single statements, the statements of nursing activity ranked first in number. The contents of the statements were analyzed and categorized by main themes. Among 489 categorized themes, the number of themes of nursing phenomena statements was the highest. When analyzed by Saba's clinical Care Classification, the nursing statements mainly included a physiological component. Among 21 components, the respiratory component ranked in the first position in nursing phenomena, nursing diagnosis and nursing activity. The extra statements not included in the 21 components were 9,294(15.1%) in nursing phenomena and 21,949(22.7%) in nursing activity. Most are statements related to tests and the doctor. CONCLUSION: The entity of MICU nursing practice expressed by electronic nursing records was mainly focused on physiological components and more precisely on respiratory components.
Humans ; *Intensive Care Units ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized/*statistics & numerical data ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process/*classification ; Retrospective Studies ; Task Performance and Analysis

The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between job satisfaction and burnout experience. The subjects were 225 nephrology nurses in Pusan, and Kyung Sang Namdo and Kyung Sang Bukdo. The data were collected from Nov. 20 to Dec. 3, 1996 using questionnaires method. Job satisfaction measured job satisfaction tool by Slavitt et al, and burnout experience measured burnout experience scale by Pines et al. The questionnaire consisted of question regarding job satisfaction scale(44 items 5 point scale) and burnout experience scale(21 items 7 point scale). The reliability of this instrument was that the hob satisfaction was Cronbach's alpha=0.8298 and the burnout experience was Cronbach's alpha=0.8960. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program using mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the demosociographic characteristics showed the highest level was as follows : 26-30 years old group(40.2%), married(56.4%), graduated junior college of nursing(87.6%), non the religious(35.6%), the effect of religion upon life is not effected(35.6%). In the characteristics related to nursing profession showed the highest level was as follows : Hospital style is secondary hospital(that have above 450 beds) (53.3%), staff nurse(72.9%), the length of clinical experience at hemodialysis room is less than 2 years(39.1%), number of patient was assigned a nephrology nurses is 5(40.4%), work in two shift(55.6%), the nurses professional motivation is family recommended(33.8%), the nurses intention to stay is until for needed(58.2%), the chance for professional growth is not enough(44.9%), degree of satisfaction with nursing is moderate(43.2%). 2. The mean score of the total hob satisfaction is 3.06 of 5 point Likert-type scale. Task requirements(3.51) among the component factors of the job satisfaction was the highest value and then the interaction among fellow nurses(3.34), job prestige/status(3.33), autonomy(3.27), organizational requirement(2.55), and pay(2.39) was the lowest 3. The mean score of the total burnout experience is 3.20 of 7 point Likert-type scale. Physical exhaustion(3.36) among the component factors of the burnout experience was the highest value and then emotional exhaustion(3.20), and mental exhaustion(2.95) was the lowest. 4. Job satisfaction according to demosociographic characteristics of the subjects showed significant differences in the effect of religion upon one's life(F=3.268, p=0.013). Job satisfaction according to characteristics related to nursing profession of the subjects showed significant differences in the hospital type(F=3.479, p=0.033), position(F=3.165, p=0.044), number of patient was assigned a nephrology nurses(F=2.552, p=0.040), nurses intention to stay(F=7.153, p=0.001), the chance for professional nursing growth(F=3.735, p=0.006), the degree of satisfaction with nursing(F=12.680,p=0.000). Burnout experience according to characteristics related to nursing profession of the subjects showed significant differences in the position(F=3.247, p=0.041), number of patient was assigned nephrology nurses(F=4.220, p=0.003), shift(F=3.148, p=0.045), nurses intention to stay(F=9.911, p=0.000), the degree of satisfaction with nursing(F=13.234, p=0.000). 5. Job satisfaction and burnout experience was signigicant negative correlation(r=-.5466, p<.001).
Busan ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction* ; Motivation ; Nephrology* ; Nursing ; Renal Dialysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Animals ; Dinoprostone* ; Female ; Humans* ; Menstrual Cycle* ; Oviducts*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cytosol* ; Humans* ; Receptors, Steroid*

This study was to compare changes in health behaviors, motivational factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and functional status (SIP) after implementing the 6-month motivation-enhancing program to institutionalized elderly women. METHODS: Sixty-four elderly women participated. Face to face interviews with blood sampling and anthropometric assessment were conducted at the pretest, 10 weeks and 6 months during the program. RESULTS: 1. The program participants showed significantly better health behaviors over 6 months. The mean motivational level was also significantly improved, especially for perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and emotional salience. 2. The mean of cardiovascular risk factors for the participants was 21.8 at the level of low to moderate risk. After completing the program, total risk score was significantly decreased to 18.7 at 10 weeks, and further to 17.7 at 6 months. A significant reduction was also found in HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels, blood pressure, obesity, inactivity, and stress. 3. The functional status (SIP) was 11% at the baseline and significantly changed in positive direction at 10 weeks (M=9.3) and at 6 month (M=6.3). The significant improvement was also found in physical and psychosocial dimensions and sleep/rest dimension. CONCLUSION: The motivation enhancing program was effective to reduce cardiovascular risks and to improve the functional status of institutionalized elderly women by motivating them to perform better health behaviors.
Aged* ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Motivation ; Obesity ; Risk Factors*

The purpose of this study was to test psychometric properties Health-Related Hardiness Scale(HRHS) for Korean elderly. HRHS has been developed by Pollock to measure the effect of hardiness in individuals with actual health problems. Items were generated to measure dimensions based on theoretical definitions of health-related control, commitment, and challenge. In 1990, Pollcok and Duffy revised HRHS to be 34 items. In this study, 34-item HRHS(Pollock & Duffy, 1990) was translated into Korean and administered to 193 elderly involving in 95 hospitalized patients and 98 outpatients or healthy people. The subjects were 80 women and 112 men with an age range of 65 to 95 years(M=71 years) in whom 82.6% classified themselves as moderate or pretty active. Most subjects(80.2%) had education of elementary school or less. The 34-item HRHS consists of three subscales: control, commitment, and challenge, and was measured with 1(strongly disagree) to 6(strongly agree) Likert scale. The higher the score is, the higher people's hardiness. Factor analysis was performed to confirm whether the scale represents three sub-areas as suggested in the literature. Two factors were isolated, using principle components analysis. Two factor solution was accepted for the study since Pollock described the possibility of classifying sub-areas into two divisions. These two factors, commitment/challenge and control accounted for 31.9% of variance of the scale. Factor loadings were string, ranging from .41 to .77. The moderate correlation with task self-efficacy scale also supported the validity(r=.35, p<.05). The scale was found to be internally consistent, showing Cronbanch;s alpha of .90 for the total items with the range of .82 and .90 for three subscales. The findings revealed the potential applicability of HRHS to nursing intervention studies for elderly.
Aged* ; Clinical Trial ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Male ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Psychometrics*

BACKGROUND: Ischemic heart disease results from athesclerotic changes of the coronary artery. These changes are aggravated by hypercholesterolemia, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, coronary-prone personality, and stress. Because these risk factors affect not only the prevalence of the ischemic heart disease but also recurrence of the disease, cardiac rehabilitation programs were introduced to help patients with ischemic heart disease reduce risk factors. Diverse cardiac rehabilitation programs are needed to motivate participation in cardiac rehabilitation and to enhance patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of a self-efficacy promoting cardiac rehabiltation program on self-efficacy, health behavior and quality of life of patients with ischemic heart disease. METHODS: Data were collected from 45 hospitalized ischemic heart disease patients. Medical records were reviewed to obtain demographic and clinical characteristics. Data regarding self-efficacy, health behavior, and quality of life were obtained from interviews using structured questionnaires. The nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used to conduct this study. One session of conventional group education was given to patients in the control group while they were in the hospital. Patients in the experimental group participated in a newly developed cardiac rehabilitation program. It focused on strengthening selfefficacy with four self-efficacy sources - performance accomplishment, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and physical status using two individualized in-hospital education sessions and four weekly telephone counseling follow-up calls after discharge. RESULTS: Four weeks after discharge, the increment of total self-efficacy score was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<.01). There was also a significant difference in the total quality of life scores increments between the two groups (p<.01). However, no significant changes were noted in the increments of total health behavior scores between the two groups. CONCLUSION: A cardiac rehabilitation program focusing on promoting self-efficacy was effective in improving self-efficacy, and quality of life of patients with ischemic heart disease.

Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) is a conjugation enzyme in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous lipophilic compounds for their excretion and detoxification. Acidic isozyme of GST, GST-Pi, has been recognized as a preneoplastic marker in the experimental hyperplastic nodules of liver in rats, and GST-Pi is abundant in the squamous cells of the skin, also. This histochemical study was carried out to evaluate the distribution and the relationship between the differentiation status of squamous cells in dysplastic or neoplastic epithelium in various organs. The human placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-Pi) were stained immunohistochemically with specific anti GST-Pi rabbit antibody in 23 cases of human squamous cell carcinomas. The patients consisted of 14 cases from the uterine cervix, 3 cases from the esopahgus, 3 cases from the lung and 3 cases from the larynx. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Basal cells in normal mucosa were stained negative for GST-Pi while superficial keratinocytes were stained moderately positive. Basal dysplastic cells were stained negatively or weakly positive. Carcinoma cells especially large cells either keratinizing or nonkeratinizing were stained moderately to strongly. Carcinoma cells surrounding keratin pearl were strongly reacted with GST-Pi than other carcinoma cells. 2. Differentiated cells of squamous cell carcinoma showed moderate to strong positive reaction to GST-Pi staining irrespective of its site of origin. 3. Therefore, Immunohistochemical staining pattern of GST-Pi in various squamous carcinoma cells showed similar immunohistochemical reaction to the GST-pi, which is closely correlated to the degree of differentiation, keratinigation and also suggested that squamous carcinoma cells had abundant GST-Pi related detoxifying system.
Humans ; Rabbits ; Animals

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the level of intention to quit smoking and to identify factors influencing intention to quit among patients with coronary heart disease. Method: The subjects consisted of 80 male patients with coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction) at three hospitals in Seoul. The data were collected with self reporting in a structured questionnaire. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify predictors of intention to quit. Included variables were attitudes toward smoking cessation, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, usefulness of smoking cessation, and previous attempts to quit. RESULT: 1. The mean score for intention to quit was 11.1(+/-6.1) which was lower than median score of the scale. 2. There were significant correlations between the all predictive variables and the intention to quit(r=.24-.48, p<.05). 3. usefulness of smoking cessation, perceived behavioral control, and previous attempts to quit explained 34.6% of the variance for intention to quit. CONCLUSION: usefulness of smoking cessation, perceived behavioral control, and previous attempts to quit were identified as important variables in explaining the intention to quit smoking among patients with coronary heart disease. Thus, it is necessary to try to enhance this factors for increasing intention to quit among patients with coronary heart disease.
Coronary Disease* ; Humans ; Intention* ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking*