PURPOSE: This study explored and described the living spiritual experience and was attempted to gain an understanding of spirituality. This was done by eliciting participants' verbal descriptions of their experiences. METHOD: Data was obtained from in-depth interviews with one cancer patient, one pastor, and three missionaries after obtaining informed consent from each. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Sandelowski's evaluation criteria for qualitative research, such as reliability, suitability and auditability, were also used to establish reliability and validity of this study. RESULT: The five major theme clusters that designated the essence of the spiritual experience, "spiritual awareness," "interconnectedness," "love," "transcendent energy," "purpose and meaning in life," emerged from the analysis. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that spirituality was activated by awareness through introspection and interconnectedness with a Supreme Being. The interconnectedness with a Supreme Being played an important role in harmonious relationships with others and self. It also resulted in revealing the other beneticial attributes of spirituality. Love, the core concept of the interconnectedness, worked as a transcendent energy. Also, the ability to see beyond reality and resulted in finding meaning in life and accomplishing well being.
Humans ; Informed Consent ; Love ; Missions and Missionaries ; Qualitative Research ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spirituality*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cytosol* ; Humans* ; Receptors, Steroid*

A case of true malignant mixed tumor of the parotid gland is reported. The tumor, occuring in a 55-year-old man, started to grow rapidly after a long history of parotid mass. Total parotidectomy was carried out and the resected tumor measured 5x4x3 cm with a cut surface showing grayish-white solid and myxoid appearance. Microscopically, the tumor had both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, the former consisting of undifferentiated carcinoma with focal areas of ductal differentiation and the latter consisting of pleomorphic sarcoma with chondrosarcomatous differentiation. A remnant of benign pleomorphic adenoma could also be identified. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated focal cytokeratin reactivity in the carcinoma cells and vimentin in sarcomatous elements. It is assumed from these clinical and histological findings that the tumor had transformed from a pre-existing benign pleomorphic adenoma.
Adenoma

No abstract available.
Cushing Syndrome*

Paranasal sinus CT is known as the most effective imaging modality in the evaluation of inflammatory sinonasal diseases and can depict the distribution, causative lesions obstructing main drainge route, and associated findings. Recently, functional endoscopic sinus surgery has been widely used for the evaluation and treatment. Before operation, PNS CT has been routinely used to evaluate the paranasal sinuses and mucociliary drainage route. The authors analyzed the PNS CT findings of 3156 cases in 1578 patients with chronic sinusitis symptoms. Sinonasal inflammatory diseases were categorized into 5 patterns according to the obstruction sites. They were 1) infundibular (10%, 316/3156), 2) ostimeatal unit (41%, 1294/3156), 3) sphenoethmoidal recess (12%, 379/3156), 4) sinonasal polyposis (30%, 946/3156) , and 5) unclassifiable (6%, 190/3156) patterns. The main causes for infundibular obstruction in order of frequency were inflammatory mucosa, enlarged ethmoidal bulla and Haller's cell. With respect to the middle meatus obstruction, is main causes in the order of frequency were polypoid lesion, inflammatory mucosa and medially deviated uncinate process. In particular, sinonasal polyposis showed one or more of the characteristic associated findings of infundibular enlargement, air-fluid level, ethmoidal sinus was bulging and bony deossification or sclerosis as well as sinonasal polypoid change. In conclusion, the inflammatory sinonasal diseases were classified into five patterns, and the causative lesions or anatomic variations were efficiently detected by the PNS CT. Furthermore, it could provide a guidance for proper management of the sinusitis including functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Drainage ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Sclerosis ; Sinusitis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and to examine the relationship between CIPN and depression. METHODS: A purposive sample of 105 patients treated with chemotherapy were recruited in the cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. The instruments used were the Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool (CIPNAT) and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS: The most frequent suffering symptom of CIPN was 'tingling feeling in the hand and foot'. Of the motor symptoms, 'muscle weakness' was the most frequent symptom and 'muscle or joint aches' was the strongest suffering symptom of CIPN. The mean score for suffering of CIPN was 4.1. The mean score was 1.04 for depression and the prevalence was 48.5%. CIPN was significantly positively correlated with depression (r=.38, p<.001). The result of simple regression analysis revealed that CIPN was predictive of depression (R2=.136, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, nursing intervention programs focusing on CIPN management and alleviating depression are recommended.
Anxiety ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression* ; Drug Therapy ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Nursing ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Prevalence

No abstract available.
Hepatitis A Antibodies* ; Hepatitis* ; Immunoglobulin M*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to obtain a clearer understanding of spirituality and examine the process of spirituality through defining the meaning and attributes of spirituality. METHOD: Concept analysis was done in the three phases, theoretical phase, fieldwork phase, and analytical phase suggested in the Hybrid Model. Five people participated in the fieldwork phase. RESULTS: Spirituality is activated through self-awareness which occurs as spirit being activated through self-introspection, and through restoration of the relationship with Supreme Being. This interconnectedness with Supreme Being has an absolute impact on one's harmonious interconnectedness with self and neighbors, thus leads all the critical attributes of spirituality to be revealed. The core energy of this harmonious interconnectedness is love. When activated, it has a great impact on an individual as integrative energy, leads one to go beyond everyday experience as well as to have new perspectives, and to live a satisfactory life in every aspect. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that promotion of connectedness is the most important element in spiritual nursing interventions. The results can also be used effectively in developing spirituality assessment scales and theory.
*Spirituality ; *Models, Psychological ; *Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) ; Korea ; Humans

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute* ; Trisomy*

No abstract available.
Fungemia*