In this study, the relationship between the awareness of blood program and the blood donation experience has been studied to know whether they corelate or not. The awareness of blood program was divided into 4 areas of knowledge and measured: the eligibilityt of blood donation, knowledge about blood, blood donation program, and general facts about blood donation. The experience of blood donation was divided into 3 groups: the registered donor, the non-registered donor, and the nondonor. The result in this study shows that the awareness of blood program is related with 3 factors, such as the eligibility of blood donation, blood donation program, and general facts about blnation. The difference in this case is significant at 0.05 level. However the knowledge about the blood is not corelated with blood donation experience, but only with sex(P<0.05). These results suggest that stable blood supply should be realized by securing new donors and by estsablishing of fdonor registration system. This is realized by the stir up the level of awareness and interest of blood program through strengthening public relations.
Blood Donors* ; Humans ; Public Relations ; Tissue Donors

The purpose of this study were to label nursing intervention activities performed by Korean nurses working in medical-surgical units by using Nursing Intervention Classification, and to compare nursing intervention classification in Korea with that in Iowa, and to link nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. This research was done in two steps. At the first step, list nursing intervention activities were used by korean nurses working in medical-surgical units and categorize and label by using Nursing Intervention Classification. The 142 nursing interventions were identified. The nursing interventions had a three-tiered taxonomic structure composed 6 domains, 27 classes, and 142 nursing interventions. At the second step, 142 interventions were linked to 57 nursing diagnoses and validated by the following 27 experts: 6 nursing professors, 11 graduate nursing students who have specialty of medical-surgical nursing, 10 head nurses who have clinical experiences over 10 years. The method of expert survey used to established the content validity of linking nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions. Questionnaire was distributed to experts. In questionnaire, the intervention labels for each of 57 nursing diagnosis were listed. Exports were asked to rate each diagnosis according to the extent to which it was validated and to identify any interventions they believed needed to be deleted or added. The analysis of results indicated that the taxonomy was well developed. More than 80% of the respondents rates s wither very validate of validate on 44 nursing diagnoses. Only 13 diagnoses were rated as validate by less than 80% of respondents. Based on validity results, revisions were made by adding 60 interventions and deleting 1 intervention. Therefore, total 201 of nursing interventions for 57 nursing diagnoses were identified. The use of standardized classifications in the areas of nursing diagnoses and interventions facilitates communication and allow us to build large computerized databases which, in turn, through their accessibility will facilitate research and clinical decision making. A common nursing language will unit nurses and make nursing care an identifiable essence of health care. Also this study adds to the enhance quality of nursing care and build a unique body of knowledge in nursing.
Classification* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Decision Making ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Iowa ; Korea ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study examined to explore factors influencing on employment stress of university students. METHODS: The data were collected by structured questionnaires to students who agreed to be the subjects of this study. And 230 cases were finally analyzed. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Significant differences revealed in age, department of major, residental type and school year on employment stress by general characteristics. Also, employment stress showed negative correlation with self-esteem, and satisfaction in major. Self-esteem and satisfaction in major, department of major were confirmed as a factors influencing on employment stress and accounted for 36% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Further studies that discover factors influencing on employment stress of university students are needed, and also practical programs are necessary to decrease employment stress of university students.
Employment* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: Candida species are one ol the major pathogens causing opportunistic infection. The need for a standardized. and clinically relevant method for antifungal susceptibility testing has become more increased because resistance to antifungal agents is now being reported with increasing frequency. The purposes of this study were to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations actions amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole of clinical isolates of Candida species, and to evaluate broth microdilution method as a more efficient test method, compared with NCCLS standard broth macrodilution. METHODS: The minlmal Inhibitory concentrations of C. parapsilosis ATCC 90018, C, albicans ATCC 90028 and 32 Candida isolates from Korea University Hospital were evaluated against amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole by broth macrodilution and microdilution methods. RESULTS: The minimal inhibitory concentrations of Candida species ranged 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/mL for amphotericin B, 0.125 to 2.0 microgram/mL for flucytosine and 0.125 to 64 microgram/mL for fluconazole. The percent of agreement between NCCLS standard broth macrodilution and microdilution was highest when inoculum size was 0.5-2.5x103 CFU/mL and incubation time was 48 hours, and one fold dilution agreement was 100% for amphotericin B, 100% for flucytosine and 88-96% for fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed good agreement of results of broth microdilution test with those of macrodilution, and suggested that broth microdilution method is an accessible and useful method and can be substituted for broth macrodilutlon method with the expectation of good results.
Amphotericin B ; Antifungal Agents ; Candida* ; Fluconazole ; Flucytosine ; Korea ; Opportunistic Infections

The serum value of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in 47 cases of atopic dermatitis and 43 cases of urticaria were determined by Phadebas PRIST(R) method in department of dermatology at National Medical Center, from Jan., 1982 to Sep., 1982. The results were as follow; 1. The mea,n IgE value in atopic dermatitis was significantly higher (408+/-l43 u/ml) than that of normal subjects (p>0.01). 2. The mean value of IgE in urticaria (310+/-299 u/ml) was not significantly higher than tha,t of normal subjects (p>0.05). 3. The rnean value of IgE in severely expanded atopic dermatitis (664+/-404 u/ml) was significantly increased than that of normal subjects (p>0.01) 4. The mean value of IgE in 7 cases of atopic dermatitis with allergic respiratory diseases (817+/-233 u/ml) was significantly elevated (p>0.01). 5. No close correlation was seen between IgE value and eosinophilia. 6. IgE in 2 cases of the urticaria infested with PW, CS were extended over 1000u/ml.
Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatology ; Eosinophilia ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Immunoglobulins ; Skin Diseases* ; Urticaria

PURPOSE: This study was done to build and verify a model of clinical nurses' turnover intention using organizational characteristics, job satisfaction and job embeddedness. METHODS: The study participants were 389 hospital nurses. SPSS and AMOS 22.0 program were used to analyze the data and the modeling of turnover intention. RESULTS: A total of 41% of turnover intention was explained by job satisfaction, job embeddedness and organizational characteristics. Nurses with higher job satisfaction and job embeddedness showed lower turnover intention, while organizational characteristics had an indirect effect on their turnover intention. It was found that organizational characteristics had positive effects on both job satisfaction and job embeddedness, and job embeddedness played a mediating role between organizational characteristics and turnover intention. CONCLUSION: To reduce nurses' turnover intention, hospitals' organizational characteristics should be considered. Nurse managers should strive to increase nurses' job satisfaction and job embeddedness through an understanding of the factors of organizational characteristics such as organizational fairness, nursing work environment, motivation, organizational citizenship behavior, and transformational leadership.
Health Facility Environment ; Humans ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Leadership ; Models, Structural* ; Motivation ; Negotiating ; Nurse Administrators ; Nursing ; Organization and Administration ; Personnel Turnover

BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This study aimed to reduce ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in the NICU by using infection control measures. METHODS: We performed prospective surveillance cultures, monitoring, and education for infection control in the NICU between May and August 2011. Specimens were collected from all infants and the environment including stethoscopes, thermometers, ventilators, incubators, etc. The anterior nares and hands of healthcare workers were also screened. We inspected infection control practices and provided feedback. The level of infection control awareness was measured using a questionnaire. RESULTS: The level of awareness and performance of hand washing increased significantly after intervention (both P<0.001). The environmental management of healthcare providers also improved significantly (P=0.001). The yield of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae from clinical specimens decreased gradually throughout the study period (30.4% in May to 12.6% in August). Central catheter-related K. pneumoniae bacteremia decreased from 1.3/1000 to 0/1000 catheter-days. CONCLUSION: Infection control measures including education, monitoring, and surveillance can lower the incidence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in the NICU.
Bacteremia ; beta-Lactamases ; Cross Infection ; Delivery of Health Care ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Incidence ; Incubators ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Klebsiella ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pneumonia ; Prospective Studies ; Stethoscopes ; Thermometers ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

The grading of astrocytoma has traditionally relied on histological assessment, but there are some differences in their parameters, application, and reproducibility. Recently, numerous studies have attempted to correlate biological aggresiveness with tumor proliferation index using new immunohistochemical methods. The purpose of this study is to correlate the histopathological grades of astrocytoma with the expression of Ki-67, PCNA, p53 protein and AgNORs. The paraffin sections of 41 consecutive cases of astrocytomas were examined. Histologically the tumors were graded as three groups under the St. Anne-Mayo system and showed 14 cases in grade II, 15 cases in grade III and 12 cases in grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme). As a result, the Ki-67 labelling index and p53 protein expression tended to increase with increasing grade of malignancy. But the univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the tumor grades (p>0.05). The PCNA labelling index and number of AgNORs revealed striking differences between the grade II and grade III astrocytomas (p<0.05). We concluded that the PCNA labelling index and AgNORs counting are useful markers for differentiation between grade II and III astrocytomas.
Astrocytoma* ; Paraffin ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Strikes, Employee

A case of multiple myeloma associated with adenocarcinoma of the stomach was review. A 59-year, old Korean man had been abmitted to St. Mary's Hospital in January 1984, with chief complaint of posterior neck pain, and intermittent headache for one year prior to amission. Osteo lytic punched-out lesions were noted on skull and other skeletal x-ray films. Bone marrow aspirates revealed diffuse infiltration of mature and immature plasma cells. Laboratory findings revealed anemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed findings consistent with IgA-lamda type multiple myloma. Alkylating agents and steroids were tried with some clinical improvements. In August 1985, the patient revisited outpatient clinic with chief complaints of epigastric pain and neck mass. Endoscopic biopsy and excision biopsy of the cervical lymph node were performed. By microscopic examination, adenocarcinoma of the stomach and metastasis of multiple myeoma to the supraclavicular lymph nodes were confirmed. Subtotal gastrectomy was performed. By gross and microscopic revealed metastasis to the regional lymph nodes.
Male ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Neoplasm Metastasis