Well-being has been considered to be an important nursing concept. However, there is no agreement among nurse researchers as to a conceptual definition of well-being and a similar concept to well -being. Clarification of the concept, well-being in nursing, is necessary to promote communication among nurses and to efficiently apply nursing intervention. This research was designed to analyze the concept and to make a definition of well-being in the lives of Korean Elderly. The study used the concept analysis approach developed by Walker and Avant(1995), and interviews. Firstly, well-being was defined as the balance and harmony of the internal and external environments and as the pursuit of improvement. Attributes of well-being were defined as follows: 1) homeostasis 2) harmony 3) fulfilment 4) pursuit of improvement And empirical referents were followed as: 1) health status, degree of activities of daily living, 2) degree of happiness, degree of satisfaction, 3) self-efficacy, self-esteem, 4) support, interpersonal relationships, social-leisure activity, 5) economic status, 6) degree of belief, 7) space and facilities Consequently, this study has identified the definition and attributes of "well -being" and has located empirical referents through concept analysis and interviews.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Happiness ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Nursing

The purpose of this study is setting proper portion by consumed size of food and food preference and then reducing plate wasts in school lunch. The survey was conducted from Oct. 21 to Nov. 22, 1996 through the practical measurement and questionnaires. The subjects were 43 students of 1 elementary school. The results of this survey was as follows : 1. Average consumption size of cooked rice was 115g. Average consumption size of one course dishes was 209g. The soup & pot stewes showed lower consumption rate than the other kind of foods. Average consumption size of fresh & boiled salad was 23.4g Average consumption size of stir fries was 55g. Average consumption size of steams & stewes was 42g. Most grill & fried foods showed high consumption rate compared to most of the other foods. Average consumption size of kimchies was 10.6g. The most of given desserts except apple were all consumed. 2. There was significant correlation between food preference and consumption rate for total food items. 3. Response of satisfaction about serving size of most of given foods except fresh & boiled salads, soup & pot stewes and kimchies were "moderate". 4. Visual estimation was greater than physicl estimation for most of given foods. Proper portion of fooods per person by results were setted as follows : ...
Food Preferences* ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Lunch* ; Meals* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Serving Size ; Steam

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preference trend of frequently served meals in the elementary school lunch program. Therefore, this evaluation was surveyed on frequently served meals in the elementary school lunch program in Inchon. Also, this study was surveyed on food preference using questionnaire including frequently served food items. Statistical analysis of data was completed using SAS program. The results of this survey was as follows: 1. Freqrenctly served fooods were 56 food items including 5 boiled rice, 3 one course dishes, 10 soup & pot stewes, 10 fresh & boiled salads, 8 stirred fries, 7 stewes, 6 grill & fries, 3 kimchies and 4 desserts. 2. Students liked barley bab more than the other kinds of cooked rice. One course dishes were preferred most by the subjects. Among soup & pot stewes, fermented soybean paste stew showed lower preference than the other kind of stewes. Among fresh & boiled salads, fruits salad was the most favore, whereas, root of bellflower salad was the most hated. Among side-dishes by different preparation method, stir fries, stewes, grill & fries, kimchies, dessert were prefered most by the subjects. There were significant difference between male and female students for most given foods except soup & pot stewes. Female students showed higher preference for most given foods except fresh & boiled salads, kimchies, dessert than male students.
Codonopsis ; Female ; Food Preferences* ; Fruit ; Hate ; Hordeum ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Lunch* ; Male ; Meals* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Soybeans

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects oftaurine supplementation and taurine depletion on blood glucose and blood lipid concentrations in insulin-treated diabetic rats. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the purified diet for 3 weeks ; nontaurine-supplemented diabetic rats(E0), nontaurine-supplemented diabetic rats with insulin treatment(E0+I), 1% taurine-supplemented diabetic rats with insulin treatment(E1+I) and taurine-depleted diabetic rats with insulin treatment(EA+I). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection(50mg/kg B.W.). Isophane insulin was given subcutaneously into the abdominal wall of the diabetic rats(4 unit/rat/day). E1+I were supplemented with 1% taurine in drinking water. To induce taurine depletion, EA+I were treated with 5% beta-alanine in drinking water. E1+I had significantly higher body weight compared to that fo E0. The food intakes of E1+I and E0+I were significantly decreased compared to that of E0. There was no sigfniciant difference in food intake between E1+I and E0+I. The water intake of rats was significantly different among the groups ; E0>E0+I>E1+I>EA+I. The urine volume of E0 was significantly increased compared to those of insulin-treated goups. The blood glucose concentration of E0 was significantly increased compared to those of insulin-treated groups. In the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), E0+I and E1+I had significantly lower blood blucose concentrations compared to E0 after 30 min. Also EA+I had significantly lower bloodglucose concentrtion compared to E0 and E0+I. The plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentratons of EA+I were significantly incrased compared to those of other groups. Therefore, it may be suggested that tuarine supplementation is useful for insulin-dependent diabetes in order to prevent diabetic complications suchas cardiac vascular diseases.
Abdominal Wall ; Animals ; beta-Alanine ; Blood Glucose* ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Complications ; Diet ; Drinking ; Drinking Water ; Eating ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin, Isophane ; Male ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Taurine* ; Vascular Diseases

Adenosquamous carcinoma originating in the stomach is relatively rare, and the occurrence of such tumor is interesting with respect to its histogenesis. We describe three cases of gastric adenosquamous carcinoma in a 39-year-old man, a 58-year-old woman and a 52-year-old man. They were grossly classified as Borrmann type III or II, revealing no difference from usual advanced gastric adenocarcinomas. Microscopically three cases showed well or moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma component occupying large areas of the tumors. Areas of transition from glandular to squamous epithelium were frequently observed. Metastatic foci in the regional lymph nodes also were consisted of two elements. On immunohistochemical study, CEA immunoreactivity was found not only in adenocarcinoma component but also in squamous cell components, in comparison to cytokeratin which was detected only in squamous areas. The immunohistochemical findings of CEA reactivity in both components, and the presence of microscopic transitional zones support the hypothesis of squamous metaplasia occurring in an already existing adenocarcinoma in the development of adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Cervical adenocarcinoma represents approximately 3-6% of the uterine cervical neoplasms. Recently, its relative incidence tends to be increased in contrast to squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty nine cases from 1985 to 1990 diagonsed as adenocarcinoma of the cervix by radical or total hysterectomy were analyzed to know their histopathological characteristics and related prognostic factors. The results wer as follows. (1) The age distribution ranged from 24 to 60 years and the mean age was 44 years and 47 years in adenocarcinoma in situ and invasive adenocarcinoma, respectively. Staging by FIGO classification showed the range from stage 0 to IIb, of which 63.8% was stage Ib. (2) Cases were composed of 7 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ(10%) and 62 cases of invasive adenocarcinomas(90%). The latter included 16 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma and 46 cases of pure adenocarcinoma which showed endocervical, endometrioid, clear cell, minimal deviation adenocarcinoma subtypes. The most frequent subtype was endocervical adenocarcinoma(51%) and the endometrioid subtype showed slightly higher incidence rate(13%) in comparison to the previous studies. (3) Coexistent squamous lesions ranging from mild dysplasia to invasive carcinoma were found in 4 out of 7 cases(57%) of adenocarcinoma in situ and 18 out of 62 cases(29%) of invasive adenocarcinoma. Severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ comprised most(77%) of them. (4) Analyses of histopathological and clinical characteristics of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix revealed positive correlations between tumor size or mucin leakage and depth of invasion. The prognostic factors in relation to lymph node metastasis were considered to be th stage of disease, the size of tumor, mucin leakage in the stroma, and histologic subtypes.
Incidence ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Rhabdomyosarcoma*

No abstract available.
Pilomatrixoma*

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Liver*

No abstract available.
Bile*