No abstract available.
Humans ; Patient Education as Topic*

During the past 10 years, concern for women's health has increased together with the social changes. Public health policies and studies for women's health, however, have emphasized only child-maternal health to want general covering and studies of health and wellness. Particularly study of women's health in island area is almost rare personal, material benefits in this area lack quantity, amount of women's labor is big, and basic elements of living such as diet and elimination are irregular, due to the range of the tide thus has many potential health problems. In this regard, this study attempted to grasp the health problems of adult women island and to provide bases for developing health promotion and health problems of adult women island and to provide bases for developing health promotion and health education programs. In collecting data for this study, face to face interviews were made through a structured questionnaire from August 1 to November 1 in 1996. And collected data were analyzed with SAS statistics program, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Subjects' health status were examined by classifying into such as their health perception, complained health problem, smoking, alcohol intake, substance abuse, health behavior, comprehensive medical testing, nutritional status, muscle strength, and stretching, and the result of examination is as follows ; 1. As for subjects' health perception, 29.8% of the subject answered that 'not sick but not so healthy' 33.11% thought they were healthy, while 36.82% answered they were not healthy. 2. As for the complained health problem, many complained pains in the muscle and skeletal system, especially back pain and knee joint pain. Women's health problems related with the breast and reproductive system included case of 52.26% of receiving the breast self examination while 56.55% of receiving the cerivcal cancer screening test. 3. As for the rate of smoking, 16.77% used to smoke while 12.74% used to intake alcohol. 4. Rate of substance abuse was 48.39% of the subject. 5. Subjects' health behaviors included most of the acupuncture(60.64%) and fomentation therapy(33.36%) in the order. 6. Rate of subjects receiving the comprehensive medical testing was 34.36% while 34.78% did after ward managing behaviors. 7. As for the nutrition status, 57.63% illy balanced to need the intervention of nutritional education. 8. 87.1% of subjects' muscle strength and 55.48% of stretching were not good enough to need the health education on physical exercises. Therefore, based on this result, appropriate health education programs require to be developed to promote the adult women's health in island.
Adult* ; Back Pain ; Breast ; Breast Self-Examination ; Diet ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Education ; Exercise ; Female ; Hand Strength ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Maternal Health ; Muscle Strength ; Nutritional Status ; Public Health ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Change ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Women's Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Education* ; Humans ; Intention ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

OBJECTIVE: To determine a guideline on the cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS and to develope the relationship between cervical ASCUS and the eating habits in asymptomatic women. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 222 women with a cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS favoring either reactive change or squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL) were evaluated by repeated Pap smear and colposcopy directed biopsy respectively. At the same time, eating habits of them were obtained by the questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the 157 women who had a cervical cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS favoring reactive change, 133 women(84.7%) were normal by repeated smear and/or cervical tissue biopsy. Twenty four(15.3%) of 157 women had squamous intraepithelial lesion. Among the 65 women who had a cervical cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS favoring SIL, 26(40%)were normal by repeated smear and/or cervical tissue biopsy. Thirty nine(60%) of 65 women had SIL. The confirmed SIL group showed the eatig habits of increased intake of processed food(6.67%).The other reactive group was lower(2.56%). CONCLUSION: A cytologic diagnosis of ASCUS favoring reactive change was associated with a very low risk of haboring SIL. But the woman whose initial smear showed ASCUS favoring SIL was associated with a relatively high risk of harboring SIL(p<0.001). Therefore, the woman whose smear showed ASCUS favoring SIL requires further active management even in the presence of a normal repeated pap smear. The ASCUS group favoring SIL showed the habits of increased dietary intake of processed food(P<0.05). Further study with large number of patients seems warranted.
Biopsy ; Colposcopy ; Diagnosis ; Eating* ; Female ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Compared to urban communities, rural districts are in lack of medical service. With an increasing population of old aged people and low economical income, the demand for reinforcing health organizations is growing. Woman's health is expecially an important source of their family members' lives. Public health policies and studies for women's health, however, have emphasized only child-maternal health to want general covering and studies of health and wellness. Particularly study of women's health in rural area is almost rare that personal, material benefits in this area lack quantity, amount of women's labor is big, and basic elements of living such as diet and elimination are irregular, due to the range of the tide thus has many potential health problems. In this regard, this study attempted to grasp the health problems of adult women in rural area and to provide bases for developing health promotion and health education programs. In collecting data for this study, face to face interviews were made through a structured questionnaire from January to April 1 in 1998. And collected data were analyzed with SAS statistics program, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Subjects' health status were examined by classifying into such as their health perception, complained health problem, smoking, alcohol intake, substance abuse, health behavior, comprehensive medical testing, muscle strength and stretching, and the result of examination is follows : 1. As for subjects' health perception, 1.47% of the subject answered that 'not sick but not so healthy' 27.94% thought they were healthy, while 69.7% answered they were not healthy. 2. As for the complained health problem, many complained pains in the muscle and skeletal system, especially back pain, finger joint and knee joint pain. Women's health problems related with the breast and reproductive system include case of 52.26% of receiving the breast self examination while 56.55% of receiving the cervical cancer screening test. 3. As for the rate of smoking, 1.47% used to smoke while 40.30% used to intake alcohol. 4. Rate of substance abuse was 46.03% of the subject. 5. Rate of subjects receiving the comprehensive medical testing was 36.76% while 63.24% did afterward managing behaviors. 6. 47% of subjects' muscle strength and 13% of stretching were not good enough to need the health education on physical exercises. Therefore, based on this result, appropriate health education programs require to be developed to promote the adult women's health in rural area.
Adult* ; Back Pain ; Breast ; Breast Self-Examination ; Diet ; Exercise ; Female ; Finger Joint ; Hand Strength ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Mass Screening ; Muscle Strength ; Maternal Health ; Public Health ; Rural Population ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Women's Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder* ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide*

The focus of this study was o aialyze the morphologic expression of p53, Pan-ras, c-erbB-2, and PCNA in preneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions induced with NNM of rats. The development of hepatocellular tumors was investigated by histology and electron microscope in 65 Splague-Dawley rats administered with NNM in drinking water at low dose(5 mg/100 ml) and high dose(20 mg/100 ml). Three types of hepatocytic degeneration glycogenotic, eosinophilic and basophilic changes were followed by the appearance of hepatocellullar carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma was increased in number and size according to NNM dosage and to duration of exposure. The histological classifications of hepatocelular carcinoma wer trabecular type, which was which was the most common, large eosinophilic, small cell, adenocarcinomatous and clear cell type. The expression of p53, Pan-ras, c-erbB-2 PCNA was examined by immunohistochemical stains. Eosinophilic degeneration revealed mild positivity at 18-26 weeks for expression of all oncogenic proteins studied and PCNA, whereas precancerous lesions showed variable expression from negative to moderate positivity on PCNA. Hepatocellular carcinoma lesions showed strong positivity for all stains and increased intensity during experimental period. These may indicate that chemical carcinogen produce hepatic eosinophilic degeneration and preCancerOus lesions by genetic mutation, resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Rats ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Carcinogens

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria are widely distributed in fresh water, soil and dust throughout the world, and cause meningoencephalitis or keratoconjunctivitis in humans and other mammals. Korean isolates, namely, Naegleria sp. YM-1 and Acanthamoeba sp. YM-2, YM-3, YM-4, YM-5, YM-6 and YM-7, were collected from sewage, water puddles, a storage reservoir, the gills of a fresh water fish, and by corneal washing. These isolates were categorized into three groups based on the mortalities of infected mice namely, highly virulent (YM-4), moderately virulent (YM-2, YM-5 and YM-7) and nonpathogenic (YM-3). In addition, a new species of Acanthamoeba was isolated from a freshwater fish in Korea and tentatively named Korean isolate YM-4. The morphologic characters of its cysts were similar to those of A. culbertsoni and A. royreba, which were previously designated as Acanthamoeba group III. Based on experimentally infected mouse mortality, Acanthamoeba YM-4 was highly virulent. The isoenzymes profile of Acanthamoeba YM-4 was similar to that of A. royreba. Moreover, an anti-Acanthamoeba YM-4 monoclonal antibody reacted only with Acanthamoeba YM-4, and not with A. culbertsoni. Random amplified polymorphic DNA marker analysis and RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA and of a 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA, placed Acanthamoeba YM-4 in a separate cluster based on phylogenic distances. Thus Acanthamoeba YM-4 was identified as a new species, and assigned Acanthamoeba sohi. Up to the year 2002 in Korea, two clinical cases were found to be infected with Acanthamoeba spp. These patients died of meningoencephalitis. In addition, one case of Acanthamoeba pneumonia with an immunodeficient status was reported and Acanthamoeba was detected in several cases of chronic relapsing corneal ulcer, chronic conjunctivitis, and keratitis.
*Acanthamoeba/classification/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity ; Amebiasis/diagnosis/epidemiology/*parasitology/therapy ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/analysis/genetics/immunology ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis ; DNA, Protozoan/analysis ; Korea/epidemiology ; Life Cycle Stages ; *Naegleria/classification/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique/veterinary ; Virulence/genetics

A new species of Acanthamoeba was isolated from a freshwater fish in Korea and tentatively named Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4 (Korean isolate YM-4). The trophozoites were 11.0-23.0 micrometer in length and had hyaline filamentous projections. Cysts were similar to those of A. culbertsoni and A. royreba, which were previously designated as Acanthamoeba group III. Acanthamoeba YM-4 can survive at 40 degrees C, and its generation time was 19.6 hr, which was longer than that of A. culbertsoni. In terms of the in vitro cytotoxicity of lysates, Acanthamoeba YM-4 was weaker than A. culbertsoni, but stronger than A. polyphaga. On the basis of the mortality of experimentally infected mice, Acanthamoeba YM-4 was found to be highly virulent. The isoenzymes profile of Acanthamoeba YM-4 was similar to that of A. royreba. An anti-Acanthamoeba YM-4 monoclonal antibody, McAY7, was found to react only with Acanthamoeba YM-4, and not with A. culbertsoni. Random amplified polymorphic DNA marker analysis and RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA and of 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA, placed Acanthamoeba YM-4 in a separate cluster on the basis of phylogenetic distances. Thus the Acanthamoeba Korean isolate YM-4 was identified as a new species, and assigned as Acanthamoeba sohi.
Acanthamoeba/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Amebiasis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis ; DNA, Protozoan/analysis ; Fish Diseases/*parasitology ; Gills/parasitology ; Goldfish/*parasitology ; Korea ; Mice ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Virulence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to validate waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) corresponding to body mass index (BMI) of 25kg/m2 and to survey the prevalence of hypertension according to obesity in female college students. METHOD: Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure were measured for each of 286 female college students in J City, Chungbuk. RESULTS: The subjects' mean BMI was 21.4kg/m2, and the estimated prevalence of obesity was 11.2%. The subjects, the 80th-90th percentile of whom had BMI exceeding 25kg/m2, were found to have WC of 75-78.1 cm and WHR of 0.79-0.80, respectively. Of the subjects with obesity(BMI> or =25kg/m2), 53.1% exhibited abdominal obesity (WC> or =80cm) and 40.6% had WHR over 0.80. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were correlated with BMI, WC, and WHR. The prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with obesity(BMI> or =25kg/m2) was 25%. Additionally, the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity (WC> or =80cm) was 39.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that WC corresponding to BMI of 25kg/m2 in female subjects in their twenties is different from that of adult women. We also found that the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity was high. Therefore. we suggest further studies to determine the cutoff value of WC for evaluating abdominal obesity and to investigate the long-term effects of obesity on women in their twenties.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index* ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Waist Circumference* ; Waist-Hip Ratio*