No abstract available.
Rectocele*

No abstract available.
Rectal Prolapse*

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of position change with 30degree laterally inclined position on pressure sores prevention. This study was designed as a Nonequivalent Control Group Quasi-experiment study. The subjects were collected with convenience sample of 30 patients who were hospitalized at ICU(Intensive Care Unit) of C university hospital in Seoul from March 1 to October 31, 1997. The patients were not able to change of position without help. The 15 patients were assigned to the control group and the other 15 patients to the experimental group. The both group were done position change every 2 hours and were observed whether pressure sores was developed for 2 weeks. For the experimental group, two positioning methods were alternatively used : 30degree right lateral, 30degree left lateral. For the control group, 90degree right and left lateral position were applied instead of 30degree lateral position. New Pressure Risk Assessment Scale was utilized to assess pressure sore risk. It is consists of 8 subscales which reflect sensory perception, skin moisture, activity, mobility, friction and shear, nutritional status, body temperature, and amount of medications(analgesics and sedatives). The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The incidence of pressure sores in total sample was 13 cases(43.3%) : 10 cases(76.9%) in control group, 3 cases(23.1%) in experimental group. the incidence rate of pressure sores in experimental group was significant lower than control group. 2. The sites of pressure scores development were 5 cases in trochanteric region, 4 cases in hip region, 2 cases in flank region, 1 cases in sacral region and 1 case in occipital region. Trochanteric region sores were not developed in experimental group. 3. The mean hospitalized period before pressure sores development were 7.3 day in experimental group and 4.1 day in control group. According to the results from this study, suggestions are as follows ; 1. Development of device which enable to keep 30degree laterally inclined position for 2 hours is needed. 2. It is necessary to study variously and objectively usefulness of 30degree laterally inclined position change which is applied to the other pressure risk assessment scale.
Body Temperature ; Femur ; Friction ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Nutritional Status ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Risk Assessment ; Sacrococcygeal Region ; Seoul ; Skin

To evaluate the utility of gene rearrangement analysis, eight cases of malignant lymphoma, one case of Hodgkin's disease, two cases of angioiminunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) and two cases of non-specific lymphadenitis were studied by immunohistochemical and genetic analysis. Southern blot analysis was perfon-ned by a using vacuum transfer system and a biotin labelled probe. This method was faster, safer, and more convenient than conventional methods. Gene rearrangement study showed rearranged novel bands in five of six cases of B cell lymphoma, in all cases of T cell lymphoma, and in all cases of AILD. No rearrangement of the B cell receptor(BCR) or of the T cell receptor(TCR) was seen in Hodgkin's disease or in nonspecific lymphadenitis. These results suggest that gene rearrangement analysis of BCR and TCR is a recommended method for the diagnosis of clonality in lymphoproliferative disorders. It would allow pathologists to differentiate lymphoma from polyclonal lymphoid proliferation and to provide information for cell lineage.

The influences of adrenal corticosteroid on the development and regression of neurons of dentate and hippocampus were studied by adrenalectomy and steroid overload in neonatal rats. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The cell death occurred naturally in numerous dentate granule cells and hippocampal pyramidal cells. 2. The number of dentate granule cells undergoing cell death decreased by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but increased in adrenalectomized rat brains. The changes occurred prominently at postnatal day 6. 3. The number of hippocampal pyramidal cells undergoing cell death decreased in CA3 region by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but was not changed in adrenalectomized rat brains. However, other regions exhibited no change by adrenal corticosteroid and adrenalectomy. 4. The cell death of pyramidal cells of CA3 region occurred in close relationship with the cell death of dentate granule cells, which was different from other CA regions. In summary, the cell death of dentate and hippocampal neurons occurred naturally but seemed to be influenced by other factors as well as adrenal corticosteroid.
Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Hippocampus* ; Neurons* ; Pyramidal Cells ; Rats*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to assess the utility of prenatal triple-marker (alpha- fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) testing for chromosomal abnormalities in women with Down syndrome screen-positive results. METHODS: Total 1,082 women between 15 and 21 weeks' gestation received second trimester Down syndrome risk evaluation by triple marker testing. AFP, beta-hCG and uE3 were measured by Coat-A-Count(R) IRMA (Diagnostic Products Corporation, LA, USA), The risk for Down syndrome was calculated using a commercially available software program (AFP Expert; Benetech Medical System, Toronto, Canada) by use of a Down syndrome risk cutoff value(1:270 at midtrimester). Karyotypes were reviewed for 32 (54.2%) of these patients who received prenatal chromosome analysis. RESULTS: Fifty nine (5.5%) patients of the 1,082 women screened were identified as positive. Two chromosome abnormalities (47,XYY and 46,XX, int (9) ) were found in the 32 patients who underwent prenatal chromosome analysis (6.3%). Any cases on the abnormal serum tests torn out not to be associated with trisomy 21. CONCLUSIONS: Although triple marker screen appears to be an effective method detecting chromosome abnormalities there is a high false positive rate. Therefore, new screening test that reduce false positive rate is need to be introduced.
Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Down Syndrome ; Estriol ; Female ; Fetal Proteins ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Mass Screening ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Prenatal Diagnosis*

This study was designed to compare care needs of patients with cancer and family members in inpatient and outpatient settings. The questionnaire was a Likert type 5 point scale with 57 items on four need categories; informational, physical care emotional care and socioeconomic care. There were significant differences between inpatient and outpatient settings. Also, there were significant differences in degree of care need according to gender, religion, marital status, economic status, public insurance status, and the past regimen. In conclusion, emotional needs perceived by patients with cancer and family members were higher than the others. Based upon the result, it is recommended that the research to compare needs between cancer patients who have a same illness and family member are necessary.
Humans ; Inpatients* ; Insurance Coverage ; Marital Status ; Outpatients* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between self-efficacy, self-esteem, health locus of control and sick-role behavioral compliance in diabetic patients and to identify the influencing factors for sick-role behavioral compliance. The subjects for study were 244 NIDDM patients from 2 hospitals, who were visiting the outpatient clinic in Taegu. Data were collected from Sep. 18.th to Oct. 5th 1996. In data analysis, SPSS/PC+ programs were utilized for descriptives, as well as Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows : 1. The average score for the sick-role behavioral compliance was 50.38, for the self-efficacy was 1337.17, for the self-esteem was 27.81, for the internal health locus of control was 28.79, for the chance health locus of control was 20.55, for the powerful others health locus of control was 28.70. 2. The relationships between self-efficacy, self-esteem, health locus of control and sick-role behavioral compliance were significant. Sick-role behavioral compliance were significantly related to self-efficacy(r=0.36, 0.000), to self-esteem (r=0.19, p=0.001), to internal health locus of control(r=0.28, p=0.000), to powerful others health locus of control (r=0.28, p=0.000). 3. In the relationship between general characteristics and sick-role behavioral compliance there were significant differences in a job (t=-2.01, p=0.045), experience of diabetic education(t=2.32, p=0.022). 4. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors for sick-role behavioral compliance. Self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, having or not having a job and experience of diabetic education accounted for 24% of the variance in sick-role behavioral compliance. The self-efficacy was the most predictive factor (R2=13%) followed by internal health locus of control, job, self-esteem and experience of diabetic education. The results suggest that self-efficacy is an important variable in the compliance of diabetic patients. For improvement in sick-role behavioral compliance nursing intervention needs to be directed at promoting self-efficacy.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Compliance* ; Daegu ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Education ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Nursing ; Statistics as Topic

In order to determine the knowledge of, attitudes to, and practice of housewives toward health care in a rural area, a survey with questionnaire was carried out with 87 housewives who were sampled randomly from 6 villages in Sudong Myun, from April 16th to 21st, 1979. The following results were obtained. 1. Of the housewives studied, 61.5% knew that B.C.G. is a vaccine for T.B. prevention and 12.3% knew that D.P.T. is a vaccine for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. 2. The vaccination rate of the children under six-year of the housewives studied was : polio 83.1%, B.C.G. 75.4%, D.P.T. 66.2%, and measles 55.4% respectively. 3. The vaccination rate was higher in children in the area near from the health subcenter than in those of the area further away. 4. Out of 87 respondants, 87.5% knew one or more methods of contraception for spacing children. These were ; loop 69.0%, oral pill 66.7% and condom 14.9% respectively. 5. Out of 87 respondants, 82.2% knew the methods of contraception for sterilization. These were : laparascopy 87.5% and vasectomy 16.9%. 6. Out of 87 respondants those who had experience using contraceptive methods were 70.1% and present users were 47.1%. 7. Contraception practice rate was higher in the group of housewives having middle school education or above than those having primary school education or less. 8. Functions of the health subcenter listed by respondents were : patients care 72.4%, family planning 31.0%, vaccination 23.0%, T.B. control 3.4%, health education 3.4%, infant birth delivery assistance 1.1% respectively. 9. Housewives who knew that there is a village health voluntary worker in their own village were 63.2%(55), and 58.2% of those who knew appreciated her activities. 10. Purpose of expenditure of Myun community health development funds listed by respondents were : aid for patient care 34.5%, aid for health subcenter operation 16.1%, and aid for Myun health development 6.9% respectively. 11. It seems that both of the distance from the health subcenter and the utility rate level of the village health voluntary worker are co-related to the B.C.G. vaccination rate of children. 12. It seems that both of the distance from the health subcenter and the utility rate level of the village health voluntary worker are not co-related to the rate of contraception practice.
Child ; Condoms ; Contraception ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Diphtheria ; Education ; Family Planning Services ; Financial Management ; Health Education ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Infant ; Measles ; Parturition ; Patient Care ; Poliomyelitis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sterilization ; Tetanus ; Vaccination ; Vasectomy ; Volunteers ; Whooping Cough