The thirty-two patients of Parkinson's disease had been followed up at the Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Hospital from 1982 to 1985. The following results were obtained: 1. The age distributions at onset of illness are that the 6th decade in 41%, the 7th decade 35% in male and each of the 6th decade and 5th decade is 35% in female. 2. The mean of the duration of illness is 4.5 years and the mean duration of follow-up is 2.1 years. 3. The causes of Parkinson's diseases are idiopathic 44%, carbonmonoxide intoxication 31%, drugs 6%, and vascular disease 3% in sequence. 4. The common initial symptoms are slowness of movement 31%, tremor 31%, and rigidity 22%. 5. The slowness of movement and tremor are major observable symptoms in idiopathic origin and rigidity in carbomonoxide intoxication one. 6. The overall improvement rate on drug treatment is 75%. Various types of response fluctuation has been observed in 4 patients after 5-10 years of treatment.
Age Distribution ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Neurology ; Parkinson Disease* ; Tremor ; Vascular Diseases

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The success of implants depends on intimate and direct contact of implant material on bone tissue and on functional relationship with soft tissue contact. Creation and maintenance of osseointegration depend on the understanding of the tissue's healing, repairing, and remodeling capacity and these capacities rely on cellular behavior. Altering the surface properties can modify cellular responses such as cell adhesion, cell motility, bone deposition. Therefore, various implant surface treatment methods are being developed for the improved bone cell responses. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of osteoblast-like cells to surface- modified titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was composed of four groups. Group 1 represented the electropolished surface. Group 2 surfaces were machined surface. Group 3 and Group 4 were anodized surfaces. Group 3 had low roughness and Group 4 had high roughness. Physicochemical properties and microstructures of the d iscs were examined and the responses of osteoblast-like cells to the discs were investigated. The microtopography was observed by SEM. The roughness was measured by three-dimension roughness measuring system. The microstructure was analyzed by XRD, AES. To evaluate cell responses to modified titanium surfaces, osteoblasts isolated from calvaria of neonatal rat were cultured. Cell count, morphology, total protein measurement and alkaline phosphatase activities of the cultures were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results were as follows 1. The four groups showed specific microtopography respectively. Anodized group showed grain structure with micropores. 2. Surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, electropolished group, machined group, low roughness anodized group, and high roughness anodized group. 3. Highly roughened anodized group was found to have increased surface oxide thickness and surface crystallinity. 4. The morphology of cells, flattened or spherical, were different from ach other. In the electropolished group and machined group, the cells were almost flattened. In two anodized groups, some cells were spherical and other cells were flattened. And the 14 day culture cells of all of the groups were nearly flattened due to confluency. 5. The number of attached cells was highest in low roughness anodized group. And the machined group had significantly lower cell count than any other groups(P<.05). 6. Total protein contents showed no difference among groups. 7. The level of alkaline phosphatase activities was higher in the anodized groups than electropolished and machined groups(P<.05).
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Movement ; Edible Grain ; Crystallins ; Osseointegration ; Osteoblasts ; Rats ; Skull ; Surface Properties ; Titanium*

PURPOSE: Although it is well known that surgical treatment has been gold standard in most cases of ureteral stricture, but its effect was not satisfactory. The development of balloon catheters and advances in endourology offer attractive alternative management compared to surgery in the treatment of urethral strictures. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of balloon dilatation as an alternative treatment in the management of benign ureteral stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 32 patients, treated during the last 5 years for benign ureteral stricture disease. Balloon dilatation of benign ureteral strictures were performed in a percutaneous antegrade(10 patients) or retrograde(22 patients) fashion followed by placement of a 6 Fr. stent for 6-8 weeks. The underlying diseases or conditions of the benign ureteral stricture were tuberculous ureteritis in 15, surgery to ureter in 8, iatrogenic cause in 5, and primary cause in 4. RESULTS: The over-all rate of succesful management of benign ureteral stricture diseases using endoscopic techniques was 75 percent. The significant complications were not observed in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the result of our experiences, we suggest the use of balloon dilatation as the initial treatment method in benign urethral stricture.
Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Dilatation* ; Humans ; Stents ; Ureter* ; Urethral Stricture

A stomach cancer patient is reported, who presented with asterixis and dysarthria, after the administration of 5-fluorouracil derivatives, and progressed to a state of arnnesia and disorientation. At first impression was metastatic brain tumor however7 the result of a cerebrospinal fluid cytology for malignancy was negative, and magnetic resonance imaging study(MRI) revealed diffuse hyperintense lesion of the white matter, indicative of leukoencephalopathy. Upon discontinuing the drugs, patient recovered significantly.lly predominant muscle weakness from distal myopathy with rimmed vacuole formation While we present a young female.
Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Distal Myopathies ; Dysarthria ; Dyskinesias ; Female ; Fluorouracil* ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathies* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscle Weakness ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Vacuoles

This research has been done in order to improve quality of nursing and medical service. In order to improve those qualities the study has been done to know inpatient perception of kindness and meaning of kindness which patients receive from nurse and also what effect inpatient have when they experience kindness from nurse. The subjects were 454 people who admitted in K Hospital. Time period was from October to December 1995. This survey has been done by personal interview with a written questionnaire. Analysis of data has been done by X2-test and percentage. The results of the research may be summarized as follows. 1. The inpatients perception of kindness on nurse were explanation(26.8%), tolerance(16.3%), warm-heartedness(12.8%), interest(9.5%), ability(8.4%), confidence(6.4%), respect(4.0%), support(2.65%). 2. In order to find out general meaning of kindness, study classified by age, sex, education, job, experience of hospitalization, inpatient ward. As a result of X2-test, no special meaning of kindness was presented in inpatient perception of kindness. 3. Contents kindness which inpatient experienced were, warm-heartedness(23%), understanding(18.1%), interest(17.8%), ability(12.8%), tolerance(5.7%), confidence(2.6%). 4. Over half of subjects(59.1%) answered stability to effect on kindness of Nurse. Next are self-confidence(7.9%), respect(5.3%), confidence(4.6%), warm-heartedness(3.5%), understanding(2.6%). According to above results inpatient feels that meaning of kindness were explanation, tolerance, warm-heartedness. This meaning has no distinctive difference other than consistent meaning. Likewise, inpatient experience about contents of kindness is similar to meaning of kindness. As a result of this research, which show that kindness of nurse gives patient stability, respect and confidence, we would kindness is important for recovery of inpatient. Therefore, this research outcome could be able to help to improve quality of nursing and medical service.
Education ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a rare but serious complication of ovulation induction therapy with gonadotropin. The clinical manifestations are generalized edema, ascites with pleural effusion and may become life-threatening in severe cases. The pathophysiology is still unknown therefore, the treatment should be symptomatic and conservative. We report a case of severe OHSS with massive right pleural effusion in excess of ten liters after human menopausal gonadotropin therapy because of secondary infertility. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances were corrected and albumin was administered. A right chest tube was placed for a total of sixteen days, draining eleven liters of pleural effusion totally, resulting a dramatic decrease of pleural effusion and improvement of symptoms.
Ascites ; Chest Tubes ; Edema ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Infertility ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome* ; Ovulation Induction ; Pleural Effusion*

Ondine's curse refers to the failure of automatic breathing during sleep associated with preservation of voluntary respiratory controls. This syndrome of Ondine's curse usually result from both bilateral and unilateral medullary tegmental infarcts. We report a case of a 56-year old hypertensive man who showed automatic respiratory failure during sleep and bilateral medullary infarcts in brain MRI.
Brain ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency*

The width of cervical canal and distance of intervertebral space were measured in 83 normal adults and 208 adult patients who complained of related symptoms, as nuchal tightness, shoulder and interscapular pain, paresthesia of arms, etc. The following results were obtained: 1. The average width of spinal canal is more 14mm in roentgen distance. 2. The common symptoms are occipital headache, pain, paresthesia, & tightness. 3. The width of spinal canal & intervertebral space of patients are significantly narrower than those of controls.
Adult ; Arm ; Headache ; Humans ; Paresthesia ; Shoulder ; Spinal Canal ; Spine*

BACKGROUND: We investigated the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their risk factors in an urban community-dwelling elderly people over 65 years old. METHODS: A two-phase investigation was performed from January 2010 to December 2011. In Phase I, all subjects (n=9,485) responded to the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Based on the K-MMSE score the subjects were classified into two groups ('Normal' and 'Cognitive decline'). In Phase II, cognitive decline subjects were diagnosed as dementia or MCI according to the neuropsychological tests and doctor's interview. We also surveyed the socioeconomic and medical factors in Normal, Dementia and MCI groups. And we compared and analyzed the socioeconomic and medical risk factors by multiple logistic regressions in Dementia and MCI group. RESULTS: The prevalence of dementia and MCI was obtained 5.4% and 4.3%, respectively. Old age, alcohol intake, living together, low economic status, jobless in the past, diabetes mellitus, previous stroke, lower BMI and family history of dementia were associated with the increased dementia risk. Higher education, hypertension and physical activity were associated with the decreased dementia risk. And old age, alcohol intake, higher education, previous stroke, lower BMI and physical activity were common risk factors in MCI group. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dementia and MCI was obtained much lower than previous reports. Dementia and MCI patients had common socioeconomic and medical risk factors. It is also important to control the risk factors earlier to prevent the increase of patients in dementia. And in order to prove the hypothesis that early control of the risk factors can decrease the occurrence of dementia, the further prospective studies are needed.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Motor Activity ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors* ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: The purpose of carotid endarterectomy is to prevent stroke regardless of past neurologic events. Major concern in the carotid endarterectomy is the inadequate blood flow of ipsilateral hemisphere during clamping of the carotid artery. It is well known that internal carotid artery back pressure means collateral cerebral blood flow. Our study is intended to determine the guideline of shunt placement according to the carotid back pressure and electroencephalographic finding. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study population comprised of 16 consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy for carotid stenosis in our institution between from February 1996 to March 1999. There were 14 men and 2 women between the ages of 56 and 78 years(mean age 66.25+/-6.53 years). The carotid stenosis in the operative site was ranged from 61% to 95%(mean 73.8+/-12.33%) and the mean carotid stenosis of the contralateral side was 60.99+/-25.03%. During the operation, electroencephalographic monitoring was taken in all cases. The internal carotid artery back pressure was measured to estimate the collateral cerebral blood flow, and in all patients with back pressure below 40 mmHg(11 patients) and patients with complete occulusion of contralateral carotid artery(2 patients), an internal shunt was installed. RESULT: One postoperative death occurred in a patient with large evolving cerebral infarction and severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis, who underwent emergent carotid endarterectomy. The cause of death was hemorrhagic infarction in the corresponding cerebral territory. We observed that immediate operation after a major stroke negatively influenced the postoperative outcome. No intraoperative ischemic neurologic complication developed. During the follow-up upto now(mean follow-up 21.5+/-11.85 months), there has been no early or late recurrence of stroke except one patient ,in whom cerebral infarction developed in the contralateral side on the first postoperative day. CONCLUSION: At least 4-6 weeks stabilization after a stroke is recommended for surgical management. The carotid endarterectomy is an effective surgical intervention for prevention of anticipated stroke and can be performed safely if an internal shunt is used in patients whose internal carotid arterial back pressure is below 40 mmHg.
Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Carotid Stenosis* ; Cause of Death ; Cerebral Infarction ; Constriction ; Endarterectomy ; Endarterectomy, Carotid* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Recurrence ; Stroke