The objective was to evaluate the factors influencing on the growth of children aged 3 - 6 years by mini dietary assessment and anthropometric indices in 556 children and by analyzing mineral contents of hair from 273 children by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean concentration of zinc (Zn) in hair was 68.9 +/- 31.1 ppm and the zinc level of 91% children was less than 60% of the reference value of 180 ppm. The mean content of lead (Pb) in hair was 1.76 +/- 1.20 ppm, but only 67% of 273 children was within the reference value of 2 ppm and the lead level of 33% of children was 2 - 4 times higher than the reference value. The level of Zn was negatively correlated with Pb content (r = -0.305, p < 0.01). Hair Zn content, regardless of age, was significantly positively correlated with height (r = 0.214) and body weight (r = 0.159). The height of 95.3% children was belonged to the normal range of 90 - 109.9% of standard value and the body weight of 49.8% children was in the range of 90 - 109.9% of standard value. However, 8.1% children was overweighted (110 - 119.9% of standard) and 9.4% children was obese (120 - 149.9% of standard) and 0.9% children was severe obese (> 150%) which resulted in total 10.3% obese. Contrary to our expectation 32.8% children was underweight (70 - 89.9% of standard) and 36% of the underweight children showed the low content of zinc (10 - 49 ppm) in hair. There was no significant correlation between dietary intake of Zn and hair Zn content. Hair Zn content was low even though children consumed greater than 75% of their requirement for zinc. Regardless of dietary intake of Zn, hair Zn level was rather negatively correlated to the content of Pb in hair. 38.8% children had an unbalanced diet which resulted in lower intake of calorie, Ca, Zn, vitamin B2 compared with those consuming variety of foods. Therefore, it would be needed that new approach for nutrition education to improve eating habit having the unbalanced diet in preschool children. It might be also suggested to develop new food products to complement the nutrients of Zn, Ca, Fe as snacks or dietary supplement for Korean preschool children.
Body Weight* ; Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Complement System Proteins ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Eating ; Education ; Hair* ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Overweight ; Plasma ; Reference Values ; Riboflavin ; Snacks ; Thinness ; Zinc*

No abstract available.
Female ; Lymphoma* ; Ovary*

No abstract available.
Pre-Eclampsia* ; Toxemia*

Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) is an extremely rare, which affects the spine and metaphy-ses of the tubular bones on terms of enchondrogenesis. Children who had Kozlowski dwarfism, type of SMD are not recognized until they reach school age since they have normal clinical feature, weight and size in early childhood. Authors experienced a typical case of Kozlowski type of SMD in a 10 years old male who had i) generalized platyspondyly with anterior tapering of vertebrae ii) generalized metaphyseal dysplasia iii) minimal changes in the carpal and tarsal bones. This case is to be reported with review of references.
Child ; Dwarfism ; Humans ; Male ; Spine ; Tarsal Bones

The paramount importance of breast feeding for the health of the infants has been recognized by untritionists and physicians. Although many advantages of the breast feedng, exclusive breast feeding without weaning diet or supplement food during prolonged perind in infants may produce iron deficiencyh anemia. This study was conducted to find out the hematologic state in exclusively prolonged breast-fed infants among these anemic patients and the way of thinking about their baby's feeding method in their mothers. Mothers of the anemic patients has been surveyed with questionare. The results and problems obtained from this study are summerized as follows. 1) Among 40 patients of this study, 27 were male (67.5%) and 13 were female (32.5%). Mean age was 12.6+/-2.7 month and 9 & 11 month of age were the most common, respectively (15.0%). 2) Mean age of mothers was 29.5 year. The 25 34 year-old group was most common. 3) Education levels of mothers were primary 10%, middle 10%, high 60%, and college graduate 20%. 4) In motivatins of breast feeding. Persuasion of husband or the parent of husband' 19(47.5%). 'Convenience for use' 12 (30.0%), and 'Through mass media or public information' 9 (22.5%). 5) In the causes of prolonged breast feeding, 'Think that satisfactory nutrition for baby is possible with breast milk alone' 4(10.0%), 'Due to persuasion of husband or the parents of husband' 11 (27.5%), 'Baby did no suck milk bottle or eat other diet except breast milk' 25 (62.5%). 6) In whether or not acknowledgment of the necessity of weaning diet, 'Know it but not consider so important 22 (55.0)%, 'Do not know at all) 15 (37.5%), and 'Breast milk, that will do' 3(7.5%). 7) Hb level in patient group, from 6 to 6.9g/dl was 2 (50.0%), from 7 to 7.9g/dl was 3 (7.5%), from 8 to 8.9%g/dl was 15 (37.5%), and from 9 to 10 g/dl was 20 (50.0%). From 9 to 10g/dl was the most common. Hematologic findings were Hb 8.8+/-0.9g/dl, Hct 28.8+/-3.0%, MCV 64.7+/-6.7 fl, MCH 20.0+/-2.5pg, MCHC 30.8+/-1.5g/dl. Platelet 452.5+/-142.9x103/mm3, Reticulocyte count 1.4+/-0.6%, Fe 28.6+/-14.1 g/dl, TIBC 446.7+/-66.2 g/dl, Ferritin 10.5+/-7.0ng/ml. Transferrin saturation 6.6+/-3.5%. 8) In association with duration of breast milk feeding and hematologic findings, as duration was prolonged, Hb, Hct, MCV & MCH were significantly decreased (p<0.01).
Adult ; Anemia* ; Blood Platelets ; Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Diet* ; Education ; Feeding Methods ; Female ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron ; Male ; Mass Media ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Parents ; Persuasive Communication ; Reticulocyte Count ; Spouses ; Thinking ; Transferrin ; Weaning*

No abstract available.
Female ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome* ; Ovulation Induction* ; Ovulation*

BACKGROUND: Although the main features of psoriasis consist of abnormal epidermal proliferation and T cell infiltration, which of these is the initial abnormality has been a longstanding unresolved question. Recently there has been definite evidence that activated T cells produce the cytokines that induce keratinocyte abnormalities. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the distributions and relative numbers of T lymphocyte subpopulations, that is, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, to verify the more important T cell subtype and its infiltrating site in the formation of psoriatic lesions. METHODS: Paired psoriatic lesional and non-lesional skin tissues were obtained from eight typical psoriatic patients. Immunohistochemical staining was done on the frozen sections using a labelled streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method with DAKO LSAB kit. The primary antibodies used in this study were monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA-DR, and ICAM-1. RESULTS: In lesional psoriatic skin, the epidermis was mainly infiltrated by CD8+ T cells. There were little or no T cells in non-lesional epidermis. In both lesional and non-lesional dermis, CD4+ T cells were the main ones. In lesional skin, anti-ICAM-1 antibody positively stained diffusely in the endothelial cells of papillary and subpapillary plexuses and focally in epidermal keratinocytes, but in non-lesional skin only the endothelial cells in the subpapillary plexus were stained. There were many HLA-DR+T lymphocytes in lesional and non-lesional dermis. In the epidermis, HLA DR was detected only in lesional keratinocytes and T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest (1) participation of activated epidermal CD8+ T lymphocytes in the formation of psoriatic plaques, and (2) a pathogenetic role of ICAM-1 expression on papillary microvessels.
Antibodies ; Cytokines ; Dermis ; Endothelial Cells ; Epidermis ; Frozen Sections ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Keratinocytes ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Microvessels ; Peroxidase ; Psoriasis ; Skin* ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cricetinae* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Fascia* ; Nasolabial Fold*