To evaluate the differentiation status of smooth muscle in gastric stromal tumors which were negative for S-100 protein, immunohistochemistry using desmin, actin, myosin and vimentin was performed in 14 cases of gastric smooth muscle tumors. Ultrastructural Examination was also performed. For comparison a case of leiomyoma of the esophagus, a case of the sigmoid colon, 10 cases of the uterus were also examined. The results obtained were as follows. All gastric smooth muscle tumors showed vimentin-positivity. Six of 14 gastric smooth muscle tumors, (5 of 8 leiomyoma and 1 of 4 leiomyosarcoma) showed positivity for desmin, actin, and myosin(42.9%). All esophageal, colonic, and uterine leiomyomas showed diffuse positive reaction for desmin, actin, and myosin. Vimentin positivity was also noted in leiomyoma of the colon and uterus. Ultrastructurally, a few cells in the gastric stromal tumors had scattered microfilaments with dense bodies, subplasmalemmal dense plaques, and micropinocytic vesicles. However, most of the tumor cells did not have any of the ultrastructural features of smooth muscle differentiation. Leiomyomas of the esophagus and uterus showed many cytoplasmic microfilaments with dense bodies. These results suggest that most of the benign and malignant tumor cells of gastric stromal tumors have features of the undifferentiated cells, immunohistochemically as well as ultrastructurally, although a few cells have. It is speculated that most gastric stromal tumors may have lost their smooth muscle differentiation.

The incidence of colorectal cancer has been increased gradually and it was about 6.9% of all malignancies in Korea. Early diagnosis was recognized as the most important factor influencing the prognosis of colorectal cancer and the incidence of early colorectal cancer was increasing. Thus great change was observed in the treatment of early colorectal cancer, endoscopic therapy as well as curative surgical resection is being accepted. We report a case of effective and safe endoscopic therapy for early rectal cancer in 5S-year-old male patient. He presented with rectal prolapse and bleeding of a year's duration. A large polypoid mass with fine nodular surface and thick, short stalk was seen in the rectum at 4cm above the anal verge during flexible sigmoidoscopy. After the histologic examination of specimen obtained by bite biopsy, CT scan of pelvic cavity and ultrasonogram of abdomen, the tumor was removed safe and completely by 2 sessions of piecemeal polypectomies and strip biopsy. He has been well without symptoms and signs of recurrence of rectal cancer for 20 months.
Abdomen ; Biopsy* ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Early Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectal Prolapse ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Dermoid cysts are rare congenital tumors that occur primarily at the midline at a characteristic intradural location. However, dermoid cysts located at extradural and lateral regions have been rarely reported until now. In the present study, the authors demonstrate the unusual instance of an intracranial extradural dermoid cyst at the lateral sphenoid ridge. A 53-year-old woman admitted because of progressive headache and dizziness. The patient had no neurologic deficits, and magnetic resonance imaging with no contrast enhancement revealed a mass at the right sphenoid ridge. The mass was accompanied with sphenoid bone erosion visible on computed tomography. The patient underwent right pterional craniotomy, and the tumor including the capsule was totally resected. Presence of a dermoid cyst was confirmed with histopathological examination. The patient had no complications during the postoperative period. This study suggests that dermoid cyst should be considered for differential diagnosis of extradural and lateral intracranial masses.
Craniotomy ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dizziness ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Postoperative Period ; Sphenoid Bone

The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of periodontal status of adjacent tooth and loading time to the prevalence of red complex of implant sulcus. In 97 patients, partially edentulous subjects with endosseous root-form implants were selected. All subjects were medically healthy and had not taken systemic antibiotics and professional plaque control 3 months before sampling. The number was as follows: clinically healthy implants:161, clinically unhealthy implants:22, clinically healthy adjacent teeth:73, clinically unhealthy adjacent teeth:38. All teeth and implants of each patient were examined probing depth(PD), modified sulcus bleeding index(mSBI), and modified plaque index(mPI), and samples of subgingival plaque were obtained at each site with sterile curet or fine paper points, then the plaque transferred to PBS. Obtained samples were examined for the presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relationship among clinical parameters and the colonizations by the 3 bacterial species from adjacent teeth and implants region were analyzed by student t-test (p<0.05). The results of this study were as follows: 1. mPI and mSBI of implant increased with increasing of same indices of adjacent tooth(p=0.03,0.001), but not in the PD . 2. The mPI, mBI, PD of implants was higher when red complex exist. 3. The prevalence of red complex was higher when the periodontal condition is unhealthy. 4. The prevalence of red complex of implants has no significant relation to the probing depth of adjacent tooth. 5. Prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis of implants increased with loading time. (p=0.02,0.018) These results shows the importance of oral hygiene and supportive periodontal therapy.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Colon ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Oral Hygiene ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Tooth

For neurologic symptoms such as mental changes, the etiologies should be thoroughly looked for. Neurologic problems are primarily assessed by medical history, physical and neurologic examination, electroencephalogram, neuroimaging studies. Furthermore, cardiovascular disorders, metabolic diseases, toxic materials and psychologic problems are also evaluated. In some cases that are difficult to find the causes of mental change despite the thorough evaluation and rarely, neurologic shock caused by severe pain can bring about alterness of consiousness. The causes of leading points are discovered frequently in the intussusception in late childhood and lipoma in the small bowel can be one of leading points but it rarely occurs. We report a case of neurologic shock with mental changes from intussusception secondary to a small bowel lipoma in a 13 year-old boy.
Adolescent ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Shock*

No abstract available.
Muscle, Skeletal* ; Tibial Nerve*

PURPOSE: Reexpansion pulmonary edema (REPE) is a rare but potentially lethal complication of treatment for pneumothorax. This study was designed to compare the frequency of REPE after treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) with 6 French (Fr) small bore catheterization and 14-20 Fr chest tube thoracostomy. METHODS: The medical records of PSP patients treated with thoracostomy from January 2010 to May 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. We compared the group treated using a 6 Fr small bore catheter with the group treated using a 14-20 Fr chest tube for clinical and demographic factors. The main outcome was the frequency of REPE between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 196 patients were enrolled. No significant differences in catheter indwelling time, lengths of hospital stay, and treatment failures were observed between the two groups. REPE developed in 21 patients (10.7%). The frequencies of REPE after 6 Fr small bore catheter and 14-20 Fr chest tube were 6.0% (7 of 114 patients) and 17.1% (14 of 82 patients), respectively (p=0.015). In logistic regression analysis, drainage via 14-20 Fr chest tube showed significant correlation with the occurrence of REPE (odds ratio=3.03, p=0.038). CONCLUSION: A 6 Fr small bore catheter offers a safe and effective alternative to a chest tube for treatment of pneumothorax. We suggest that drainage via a small bore catheter should be considered as the initial treatment of choice for PSP patients in terms of frequency of development REPE.
Catheterization* ; Catheters* ; Chest Tubes* ; Demography ; Drainage ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Pneumothorax* ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracostomy* ; Thorax* ; Treatment Failure

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare birth outcomes based on maternal ethnicity in Korea. METHODS: Using the birth data of Statistics Korea from 2010 to 2015, this study selected data from infants with a Vietnamese mother and Korean father (Vietnamese/Korean group), and a Chinese mother and Korean father (Chinese/Korean group), to compare them with that of a Korean mother and Korean father (Korean/Korean group). The newborn infants' birth outcomes and parental characteristics were investigated, and trends in annual changes were compared. In addition, this study investigated whether the mother's ethnicity affected the mean birth weight. RESULTS: Gestational age and birth weight were highest in the Chinese/Korean group, and were slightly lower in the Korean/Korean and Vietnamese/Korean group, in that order. The highest rate of preterm birth before 37 weeks and low birth weight rate were observed in the Vietnamese/Korean group; 4.62% and 4.26%, respectively. From 2010 to 2015, the mean gestational age decreased in all the three groups, and the preterm birth rate increased at gestational ages less than 37 weeks. However, the birth weight decreased only in the Korean/Korean group, but increased in the Chinese/Korean and Vietnamese/Korean groups. In addition, we found that factors such as parents' educational levels, percentage of hospital births, and appropriate maternal age improved in the Vietnamese/Korean group. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the mean birth weight and low birth weight rate are affected by maternal ethnicity in Korea. Therefore, careful research and active national support policies are needed.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Birth Weight ; Continental Population Groups ; Cultural Diversity ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Fathers ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea* ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Parents ; Parturition* ; Premature Birth

OBJECTIVE: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is the least invasive surgical option for patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, the indications and long term outcomes of GKRS are still controversial. Additionally, a series with uniform long-term follow-up data for all patients has been lacking. In the present study, the authors analyzed long-term outcomes in a series of patients with TN who underwent a single GKRS treatment followed by a minimum follow-up of 60 months. METHODS: From 1994 to 2009, 40 consecutive patients with typical, intractable TN received GKRS. Among these, 22 patients were followed for >60 months. The mean maximum radiation dose was 77.1 Gy (65.2-83.6 Gy), and the 4 mm collimator was used to target the radiation to the root entry zone. RESULTS: The mean age was 61.5 years (25-84 years). The mean follow-up period was 92.2 months (60-144 months). According to the pain intensity scale in the last follow-up, 6 cases were grades I-II (pain-free with or without medication; 27.3%) and 7 cases were grade IV-V (<50% pain relief with medication or no pain relief; 31.8%). There was 1 case (facial dysesthesia) with post-operative complications (4.54%). CONCLUSION: The long-term results of GKRS for TN are not as satisfactory as those of microvascular decompression and other conventional modalities, but GKRS is a safe, effective and minimally invasive technique which might be considered a first-line therapy for a limited group of patients for whom a more invasive kind of treatment is unsuitable.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery ; Radiosurgery ; Trigeminal Neuralgia

This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the appendicular mucosa of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells in the inguinal area, following administration of BCG or CP-2 (Coptis chinensis-Croton tiglium extracts). Healthy adult ICR mice weighing 25 gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups (experimental control, BCG or CP-2 treated group). Each experimental group mouse was inoculated with 1 x 10(7) Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From the next day after inoculations, 0.2 mL of saline, BCG (0.5 mL/25 g B.W.: 0.03 x 10(8) ~ 0.32 x 10(8) CFU) or CP-2 (30 mg/kg) were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, respectively. The day following the 7 th injection of BCG or CP-2, each mouse was injected with a single dose of 0.7 microCi/gm of methyl-3H-thymidine (25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) through tail vein. Seventy minutes after the tritiated thymidine injection, animals were sacrificed. The number of the labeled epithelial cells of the appendicular mucosae were observed and evaluated. On histological studies of the experimental control, BCG or CP-2 treated mice, general morphologies of the appendicular mucosae were similar. On autoradiographic study, number of the labeled cells of normal control, experimental control, BCG treated or CP-2 treated groups were 362.2+/-56.12, 350.7+/-42.65, 265.8+/-27.08 and 241.3+/-53.29, respectively. Above results show that BCG and CP-2 suppress the DNA synthetic activity of the epithelial cells of the appendix, but did not show any remarkable morphological alterations on the mucosae. These results suggest that BCG and CP-2 are ones of effective anticancer drugs for the cytostatic therapy.
Adult ; Animals ; Appendix* ; DNA* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mucous Membrane ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Robenidine ; Thymidine ; Veins