This study was carried out to investigate the effects of rice germ oil supplement on the lipid metabolism of insulin-dependent diabetic mice. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were fed three kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid, composed of 20% lard (L) : 10% lard and 10% rice germ oil (LRGO) ; and 20% rice germ oil (RBO), respectively, for 7 weeks. Diet intake, body weight, organ weight and lipid levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight and organ weight among the experimental groups. But the concentrations of serum triglyceride in the LRGO and RGO groups, and of serum total cholesterol in the RGO group, were significantly lower than those of the L group fed the 20% lard diet. The levels of hepatic total lipid of the RGO group, and of hepatic total cholesterol of the LRGO and RGO groups were significantly lower than those of the L group. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in the feces of the LRGO and RGO groups were higher than those of the L group. These results suggest that rice germ oil can reduce the levels of total cholesterol concentrations in the serum or livers of insulin-dependent diabetic mice, and that the hypolipidemic effect of rice germ oil may be due to increasing fecal lipid excretion and decreasing lipid absorptivity.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Feces ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; Mice* ; Organ Size ; Triglycerides

Nonpalpable breast abnormalities which require excision and biopsy usually require marker localization. Many of these abnormalities are visible on ultrasound and this imaging technique can be used to guide fine needle aspiration and the placement of a wire marker prior to surgical excision. A non-invasive technique which does not require placement of a wire marker would offer significant advantages, being more pleasant for the patient and less demanding on resources. We attempted to localize 36 nonpalpable breast masses with non-invasive ultrasound marker technique at the department of general surgery, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, between January 1994 and February 1995. Cases clearly visible on ultrasound, whether on mammography(15 patients) or not(17 patients), underwent non-invasive ultrasound localization. In all cases the abnormality was easily identified and removed during surgery. The surgical biopsies contained fibroadenoma(19 cases), fibrocystic disease(12 cases), epithelial hyperplasia(1 case), intraductal papilloma(1 case), parasitic disease(1 case) and infiltrating ductal carcinoma(2 cases). The average age was 43 years old.. This non-invasive technique is a simple and accurate method for localizing small ultrasonically visible nonpalpable breast abnormalities, especially in younger female patient with dense breast, though further trials and studies will be attempted.
Adult ; Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The prescription drug list for primary treatment by community health practitioners has been maintained for 30 years without any modification. Thus, this study will suggest an improvement scheme of prescription drug list for primary health care posts through an analysis of drug use in those posts. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was implemented with community health practitioners from April to June in 2012. A total of 1,249 copies were analyzed. As for the databases of drug use in the integrated information, a total of 154,229 diagnoses selected in the method of stratified cluster sampling from 39 primary health care posts'data were analyzed. We consulted some experts about the prescription medication list, and referred to the medication information on-line home page for up-to-date drug information. RESULTS: This study ultimately suggests 77 prescription drug items for primary health care posts by eliminating 35 items and replacing 1 item from the original list, and adding 4 items to it. CONCLUSION: This study will provide basic data for revising the prescription drug list in primary health care posts by periodically reflecting adverse effects in the existing drugs, demographic and environmental changes, and development of new drugs.
Coat Protein Complex I ; Prescriptions ; Primary Health Care ; Rural Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of bite force on the displacement and stress distribution of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) in the molar region according to placement site, insertion angle, and loading direction. METHODS: Five finite element models were created using micro-computed tomography (microCT) images of the maxilla and mandible. OMIs were placed at one maxillary and two mandibular positions: between the maxillary second premolar and first molar, between the mandibular second premolar and first molar, and between the mandibular first and second molars. The OMIs were inserted at angles of 45degrees and 90degrees to the buccal surface of the cortical bone. A bite force of 25 kg was applied to the 10 occlusal contact points of the second premolar, first molar, and second molar. The loading directions were 0degrees, 5degrees, and 10degrees to the long axis of the tooth. RESULTS: With regard to placement site, the displacement and stress were greatest for the OMI placed between the mandibular first molar and second molar, and smallest for the OMI placed between the maxillary second premolar and first molar. In the mandibular molar region, the angled OMI showed slightly less displacement than the OMI placed at 90degrees. The maximum Von Mises stress increased with the inclination of the loading direction. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that placement of OMIs between the second premolar and first molar at 45degrees to the cortical bone reduces the effect of bite force on OMIs.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bicuspid ; Bite Force* ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar*

Purpose: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is technically demanding and needs a longer learning curve than open surgery. HALS (hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery) is a useful alternative to conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) because of its palpability and hand dissection. We compared the learning curves between HALS and CLS for colorectal surgery. Methods: A prospective study without randomization was conducted with the participation of two colorectal surgeons who had not experienced a laparoscopic colorectal operation. The collected data included operative features, oncologic outcomes, and early clinical outcomes. Fifty patients were enrolled in each group, the HALS group and the CLS group. Results: None of the operations converted to open surgery. The operative time was significantly shorter in the HALS group than in the CLS group (149.6+/-34.6 minutes versus 179.1+/-36.5 minutes, P<0.001). On a subgroup analysis of the operative time in the anterior resection, the operative time was consistent after the 13th operation in HALS group. However, in CLS group, there was a continuous fluctuation of the operative time until 25 cases. In regard to the oncologic outcome, the numbers of total harvested lymph nodes and the proximal and the distal margins in the anterior resection showed no statistical differences (P=0.400, P=0.908, and P=0.073, respectively). The early clinical results were similar in both groups. Conclusions: In the learning curve study, the HALS group had a shorter operative time and reached a learning curve plateau earlier than the CLS group. Other parameters, such as the oncologic results and the early postoperative clinical outcomes, showed no differences between the two groups.

PURPOSE: Physicians and oncology nurses must continue to update their knowledge on treatment and treatment-related side effects, while searching for effective methods to prevent or manage side effects. The objective of our study was to describe the incidence and response to treatment of the hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and the compliance with treatment of patients with stage IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC colon cancer that were treated with capecitabine alone as adjuvant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2005 and September 2006, 84 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. RESULTS: The treatment compliance rate was 90.5% (76 out of the 84 patients). The HFS developed in 65 patients (77.4%). Thirty-three patients (50.7%) had grade 1 HFS, 22 patients (33.8%) had grade 2 HFS and 10 patients (15.5%) had grade 3 HFS, as their most severe episode. For Grade 1 patients, the dose was maintained, and skin barrier cream and moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) were applied. For Grade 2 patients, either the dose was maintained or 25% of the dose was reduced; MEBO and supportive care were provided. For Grade 3 patients, one cycle of chemotherapy was interrupted followed by dose adjustment; MEBO and supportive care were provided. CONCLUSIONS: HFS is manageable if both patients and oncology care teams are educated about HFS associated with capecitabine. The HFS is treated by patient education, preventive management, ointment application, conservative management, dose reduction, and interruption of chemotherapy administration.
Adult ; Aged ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects ; Colonic Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Deoxycytidine/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Female ; Fluorouracil/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Foot Dermatoses/*chemically induced ; Hand Dermatoses/*chemically induced ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Syndrome

Patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome often suffer from complications of polyps, such as intussusception, bowel obstruction, and bleeding. Another major problem of these patients is malignancy through the hamartoma-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. If the complications and the cancer risk of small intestinal polyps are to be reduced, early detection of these polyps and a polypectomy are important. Traditionally, a small bowel series, small bowel enteroclysis, and conventional endoscopy have been used for the proper evaluation, and management of polyps. Recently, several reports showed the advantages of enteroscopy and intraoperative endoscopy for achieving a more complete polypectomy of the small intestine. However, CT enteroclysis, which has been introduced as a reliable, less invasive, and tolerable diagnostic tool for small intestinal disease, may be useful for the evaluation of patients with gastrointestinal polyposis. We report the case of a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome who had small-bowel polyposis and a rectal adenocarcinoma and who underwent preoperative CT enteroclysis and intraoperative endoscopy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Endoscopy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; Intestinal Polyps ; Intestine, Small ; Intussusception ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome* ; Polyps

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of LH receptor in folliculogenesis, we confirm the expression level of LH receptor (LH-R) mRNA in human granulosa cells (GCs) and its expression levels were analyzed by comparison to embryo developmental rate and pregnancy rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GCs were obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval from the patients undergoing IVF-ET program. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n=20) is poor responder (retrieved oocyte(s)< or =3ea), Group II (n=80) is normal responder (retrieved oocytes>3ea). After the extraction of total RNA, semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed and the expression level of LH-R mRNA was normalized by beta-actin. Statistical analysis was performed by using Chi(2) test, Student's t-test and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: In Group II, the relative values of LH-R mRNA (0.680 vs. 0.463, p<0.005) and pregnancy rate (54.7% vs. 23.1%, p<0.05) were significantly higher than in Group I. Number of retrieved oocyte(s) was gradually increased when the expression of LH-R mRNA was increased (p<0.05). But the quality of retrieved oocyte and transferred embryo were not related with the expression of LH-R mRNA. When the pregnancy rate was compared with FSH only group and FSH combined with hMG group in the ovarian stimulation protocol, FSH combined with hMG group was significantly higher than FSH only group in Group I (37.5% vs. 0%), and the expression of LH-R mRNA was significantly higher in hMG combined group than FSH only group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Expression level of LH-R mRNA has important role in ovarian function related with the response to gonadotrophin in human folliculogenesis. Furthermore these data might provide the evidence that additional use of hMG is helpful to poor responders.
Actins ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; Humans ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oocytes ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy* ; Receptors, LH* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger

Recently, worldwide dietary reference intakes have been considered an important guideline for public health. Some governments and the World Health Organization (WHO) provide guidelines concerning dietary intake. Although an ingredient may have a history of use as a culinary material, changes in the environment over time suggest that the acceptable maximum intake each of food/culinary material should be regularly evaluated. Arctium lappa L. has been used as a culinary material for many centuries in Korea and Japan and some recent studies have reported related therapeutic effects. However, there are no reports on the safety of repeated oral administration. In this study, we evaluated the safety of a 8-weeks repeated oral intake of A. lappa. We concluded that treatment with <250 mg/kg A. lappa, which was within the safety range, resulted in body weight decrease and blood glucose suppression.
Administration, Oral* ; Arctium* ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Japan ; Korea ; Public Health ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Therapeutic Uses ; World Health Organization

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of gamma-oryzanol extracted from rice bran on lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. We supplied 2 kinds of experimental diets (CO without and GO with 0.2% gamma-oryzanol) to diabetic mice for 8 weeks. Diet intake, body weight, organ weight, contents of serum and hepatic lipid profiles, and fecal lipid levels were measured. Though there was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight change and organ weight between experimental groups, the concentration of serum total cholesterol and hepatic total lipid, total cholesterol and HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in GO group treated with 0.2% gamma-oryzanol of diet than CO group after supplementary period of experimental diets. And total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and bile acid levels excreted to feces were significantly higher in GO group than CO group. These results suggest that gamma-oryzanol decrease the serum and hepatic lipid levels by lowing HMG-CoA reductase activity or increasing the contents of fecal lipid in diabetic KK mice.
Animals ; Bile ; Body Weight ; Body Weight Changes ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Feces ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Mice* ; Organ Size ; Oxidoreductases ; Triglycerides