This study examined and identified the relationship between the level of hope and self-care agency in hemodialysis patients. The purpose of the study was to reveal that hope is an essential factor to enhance self-care agency and to prepare the basic materials to help nurse the patients. The subjects for this study consisted of 108 persons who undergoing hemodialysis from 2 hospital. 2 hemodialysis center in Pusan, Korea. The degree of hope was measured by the questionnaire that has been developed by Miller. The self-care agency was measured by the questionnaire that has been developed by Kearney B.Y & Fleisher B.J. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test. one-way ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient with SPSS WIN program. Results were obtained as follows: 1) The mean scores of hope were 131.77+/-25.77 (range 67-195). The rate of hope classified said that the lowest hope was 2.8% and low hope was 27.8%. 2) The mean scores of self-care agency were 143.78+/-23.63(range 74-187). The degree of self-care agency classified said that the rate of self-care agency deficiency was 0.9% and low self-care agency was 12.0%. 3)The hope was significantly retated to self-care agency. That is, the higher the hope score was, the higher the level of self-care agency score (r = 0.668, p = 0.001) was. In this result, there were hemodialysis patients who have very low hope score and self-care agency score. In this cases self-care agency can be increased by encouraging the patients to be more hopeful. Conclusively nurses should access the degree of hope and self-care agency of hemodialysis patients individually and apply the hope therapy in order that the patient have higher hope than before.
Busan ; Hope* ; Humans ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Renal Dialysis* ; Self Care*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Jaundice* ; Milk, Human*

A case of multiple myeloma associated with adenocarcinoma of the stomach was review. A 59-year, old Korean man had been abmitted to St. Mary's Hospital in January 1984, with chief complaint of posterior neck pain, and intermittent headache for one year prior to amission. Osteo lytic punched-out lesions were noted on skull and other skeletal x-ray films. Bone marrow aspirates revealed diffuse infiltration of mature and immature plasma cells. Laboratory findings revealed anemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed findings consistent with IgA-lamda type multiple myloma. Alkylating agents and steroids were tried with some clinical improvements. In August 1985, the patient revisited outpatient clinic with chief complaints of epigastric pain and neck mass. Endoscopic biopsy and excision biopsy of the cervical lymph node were performed. By microscopic examination, adenocarcinoma of the stomach and metastasis of multiple myeoma to the supraclavicular lymph nodes were confirmed. Subtotal gastrectomy was performed. By gross and microscopic revealed metastasis to the regional lymph nodes.
Male ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate the tricuspid regurgitation in 786 infants and children with heart disease. 3 Doppler methods were used. : The duration of systolic turbulence of tricuspid regurgitation in thr right atrium was evaluated by continuous wave Doppler method, the distance of systolic turbulence within right atrium from the tricuspid plane, by pulsed Doppler method and the retrograde systolic hepatic vein regurgitation, by color Doppler method. The following results were obtained. 1) Incidence of pan systolic tricuspid regurgitation in each disease were as follows. 68% of ECD, 66% of Ebstein's anomaly, 54% of pulmonary atresia, 50% of arrhythmia, 45% of ASD, 38% of TAPVR, 15% of VSD, 26% of TOF, 12% of PDA, 13% of normal children. 2) In about 90% of children with tricuspid regurgitation, hepatic vein regurgitation was detected by color Doppler echocardiography.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Child* ; Ebstein Anomaly ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Heart Atria ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Pulmonary Atresia ; Scimitar Syndrome ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans

The author examined the number of AgNORs and PCNA labeling indices by histochemical and immunohistochemical studies in 20 cases of renal cell carcinoma, composed of 5 cases according to the nuclear grades. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) Mean number of AgNORs according to the nuclear grades of renal cell carcinoma were 1.38+/-0.40 (mean+/-standard deviation) for Grade I, 2.53+/-0.33 for Grade II, 5.43+/-0.66 for Grade III, and 7.88+/-0.72 for Grade IV. The mean numbers of AgNORs according to the nuclear grades were significantly increased(p=0.0005). 2) PCNA labeling indices (positive nuclear ratio) according to the nuclear grades of renal cell carcinoma were 5.90+/-2.36 for Grade I, 19.30+/-6.71 for Grade II, 45.73+/-8.62 for Grade III, and 61.83+/-6.34 for Grade IV. Also, the PCNA labeling indices according to the nuclear grades were significantly increased(p=0.0008). 3) The mean numbers of AgNORs directly correlated with the PCNA labeling indices (r=0.9861, p<0.001). On the basis of the above results, it was considered that the numbers of AgNORs and PCNA labeling indices as markers of proliferative activity of tumor cells correlate well with the nuclear grades of renal cell carcinoma.

Bcl-2 is a proto-oncogene initially described in follicular lymphoma, associated with chromosomal translocation(14;18). Recent studies have shown the presence of Bcl-2 in nonhematolymphoid tissue, especially in hormonally responsive tissue. The endometrium is an attractive model for studying the hormone dependent regulation of Bcl-2 expression. We have studied the immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 oncoprotein in relation to the immunoreactivity of estrogen receptors(ER) and progesterone receptors(PR) by immunohistochemistry in 52 human endometrial carcinomas, according to nuclear grade. The results obtained are summarized as followings, 1) Immunohistochemical grade of Bcl-2 showed a significant inverse correlation with nuclear grade. 2) Immunohistochemical grades of ER and PR also showed a significant inverse correlation with nuclear grade, and were well correlated with each other. 3) Immunohistochemical grades of Bcl-2 and hormone receptors showed a strongly significant correlation. On the basis of the above results, we suggest that Bcl-2 expression may be under hormone dependent control and that it can be used in prognosis and choice of hormonal therapy in the presence of hormone receptor.
Humans

BACKGROUD: Body weight is a well known factor of bone density. However, studies for correlation between body fat, lean body mass and bone density are inconsistent in premenopausal women. We reviewed the relations of body weight, body mass index (BMI) , body fat, body fat percent, fat free mass and spinal bone density. METHODS: We collected data of healthy young women of 20-39 years old who visited a health promotion center of a general hospital from March to August, 2000, and examined the correlation of body weight, BMI, body fat, body fat percent, fat free mass and spinal bone density. RESULTS: The total number of observation was 309, the average age was 34+/-4 year old, the average body weight was 55.4+/- 7.7kg, the height was 158+/-5 cm, the BMI was 22.05+/-2.80 kg/m2, the body fat percent was 25.5+/-5.3%, and the spinal bone density was 1.007+/-0.1106g/cm2,. The incidence of normal bone density, osteopenia, osteoporosis of spine was 45.5%, 54.5%, 0%,respectively,in the low body weight group,72.6%,26.8%,0.5%, respectively, in the normal weight group, and 90.9%,9.1%,0%, respectively, in the obese group. In linear regression analysis, the spinal bone density correlated with age, height,weight, BMI, body fat, and fat free mass. In stepwise multiful regression analysis, the fat free mass was a significant factor (R2 =0.065(P<0.001) ) of the spinal bone density. CONCLUSIONS: The spinal bone density was correlated with age, height, body weight, BMI, fat mass, and fat free mass. The multiple regression analysis suggested that only fat free mass was significantly correlated with spinal bone density.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition* ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Linear Models ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

Malignant small cell tumor(MSCT) of the thoracopulmonary region(Askin tumor) is extremely rare and is seen predominantly in children and adolescents. This tumor represents a distinct clinicopathologic entity of neuroectodertnal origin, arising from the soft tissues of the chest wall or peripheral lung. This tumor tends to recur locally, but does not seem to disseminate widely. The overall survival is poor. Recently, we experienced a case of the MSCT of the thoracopulmonary region of a 12-year-old female. She was admitted because of a chest wall mass on radiographic examination, and a complaint of intermittent chest pain. Grossly, the mass was lobulated, round and had a solid appearance with focal necrosis and hemorrhage on the cut surface. Histologically, small round to oval cells were arranged in compact sheets, nests and lobular patterns with intervening fibrovascular stroma. Ultrastructurally, the presence of loose-fitting membrane-bound neurosecretory granules was noted.
Child ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Humans

This study was done to examine the correlations between weight, BMI and risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women in their forties and fifties. The subjects were 412 adults, who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1996 at S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are as follows : 1. The men between 50 and 59 years of age had higher levels for BMI, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, plasminogen activator-1, and hemoglobin A1C than the group of women in their forties. Yet, HDL-cholesterol was lower than in the former group. 2. In the group of men in their forties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.35) HDL-cholesterol(r=-.19). Their BMI was significantly corrected to systolic blood pressure(r=.27), diastolic blood pressure(r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.23), LDL-cholesterol(r=.26), plasminogen activator-1(r=.36) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.25). 3. As for the group of women in their forties weight was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.20), diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), triglyceride(r=.32), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.30) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.37). Their BMI was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.25) triglyceride(r=.47), plasminogen activator-1(r=.35), fibrinogen(r=.27) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.47). 4. In the group of men in their fifties, weight was significantly correlated to total cholesterol(r=.32), LDL-cholesterol(r=.29), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.26). Their BMI was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.24), diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), total cholesterol(r=.34), LDL-cholesterol(r=.32), and plasminogen activator-1(r=.25). 5. In the group of women in their fifties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.21), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.43) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.21). Their BMI was significantly corrected to systolic blood pressure(r=.25), diastolic blood pressure(r=.40), total cholesterol(r=.24), LDL-cholesterol(r=.24), triglyceride(r=.22), and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.30). The above findings indicate that the BMI was more predictive than weight as a risk factor for coronary artery disease for men and women in their forties and fifties.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight* ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Plasminogen ; Plasminogen Activators ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Triglycerides