No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Measles*

Two-dimensional echocardiography is a simple, noninvasive method of evaluating cardiac strucures and pericardiac structures. The diagnosis of pericarial cyst is strongly suggested by the prominent roentgenographic appearance of a round, sharply demarcated mass along the right cardiac silhouette in an asymptomatic patient. Two-dimensional echocardiography is also useful method for diagnosing pericardial cyst, but differential diagnosis is difficult when other mass revealed echo-lucent cystic nature is located adjacent to the right atrial wall. We report the similar two-dimensional echcardiography findings located adjacent to the right atrial wall which are diagnosed different disease entity each oter. We suggest that two-dimensional echocardiography helps diagnosis of mass adjacent to the right atrial wall and may need more extensive investigation for accurate differential diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Mediastinal Cyst ; Methods

Purpose: Limited data are available on the nationwide trend of treatments for chronic venous disease (CVD). The aim of the present study was to identify the nationwide trends of CVD treatments in Korea. Methods: A serial, cross-sectional study was conducted with the use of time trends to analyze patients with CVD between 2010 and 2020. The trends in the number of patients and procedures were analyzed including sclerotherapy, open surgery, and endovenous thermal ablation (ETA). Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data were used to analyze the trends. For the statistical analysis, MedCalc Statistical software was used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1,867,307 patients with CVD were managed in Korea between 2010 and 2020. The annual number of patients with CVD increased from 143,108 in 2010 to 219,319 in 2020 (risk ratio [RR], 1.53; P < 0.001). The percentage of patients with CVD who had venous ulcer gradually decreased from 3.1% in 2010 to 1.7% in 2020 (RR, 0.86; P < 0.001). The number of conventional surgeries including stripping and local resection of varicose veins decreased from 32,384 in 2010 to 21,792 in 2020 (RR, 0.67; P < 0.001). The number of ETAs performed increased, from 290 in 2011 to 12,126 procedures in 2020 (RR, 41.81; P < 0.001). Conclusion The total number of patients with CVD increased during the last 11 years. The number of conventional open surgery and sclerotherapy procedures decreased. On the contrary, the number of ETAs significantly increased in Korea.

There has been a worldwide pandemic infection of influenza A (H1N1) since June 2009. A 23-year-old female presented with fever and sore throat and was diagnosed as having influenza A (H1N1) infection. After 2 days of illness, she had headache, nausea, and neck stiffness. Cerebrospinal-fluid findings were consistent with viral infection, and brain MRI revealed intense signals in both frontotemporal cortices. During her illness she developed repetitive seizures, which were considered to be status epilepticus.
Brain ; Encephalitis ; Encephalitis, Viral ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Nausea ; Neck ; Pandemics ; Pharyngitis ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus ; Young Adult

Coccidioidomycosis is a rare systemic fungal infection in Korea. However, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis has recently begun to increase due to the increasing incidence of people traveling overseas to endemic areas. In previously reported cases of coccidioidomycosis in Korea, the radiographic findings usually showed a solitary pulmonary nodule, pleural effusion, cavitation, and hilar lymphadenopathy, but no miliary nodules. We report a case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis with miliary nodules in an immunocompetent patient. A 32 year old male, who had traveled in Corona, New Mexico, USA, was admitted for an evaluation of persistent cough with fever. Chest radiography revealed initially diffuse multiple small nodules that appeared to be miliary tuberculosis. However, a subsequent evaluation revealed that he had disseminated coccidioidomycosis.
Adult ; Coccidioidomycosis* ; Cough ; Fever ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; New Mexico ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Miliary

Coccidioidomycosis is a rare systemic fungal infection in Korea. However, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis has recently begun to increase due to the increasing incidence of people traveling overseas to endemic areas. In previously reported cases of coccidioidomycosis in Korea, the radiographic findings usually showed a solitary pulmonary nodule, pleural effusion, cavitation, and hilar lymphadenopathy, but no miliary nodules. We report a case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis with miliary nodules in an immunocompetent patient. A 32 year old male, who had traveled in Corona, New Mexico, USA, was admitted for an evaluation of persistent cough with fever. Chest radiography revealed initially diffuse multiple small nodules that appeared to be miliary tuberculosis. However, a subsequent evaluation revealed that he had disseminated coccidioidomycosis.
Adult ; Coccidioidomycosis* ; Cough ; Fever ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; New Mexico ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Miliary

Background: It is well known that a large number of patients with diabetes also have dyslipidemia, which significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination drugs consisting of metformin and atorvastatin, widely used as therapeutic agents for diabetes and dyslipidemia. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group and phase III multicenter study included adults with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels >7.0% and <10.0%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >100 and <250 mg/dL. One hundred eighty-five eligible subjects were randomized to the combination group (metformin+atorvastatin), metformin group (metformin+atorvastatin placebo), and atorvastatin group (atorvastatin+metformin placebo). The primary efficacy endpoints were the percent changes in HbA1c and LDL-C levels from baseline at the end of the treatment. Results: After 16 weeks of treatment compared to baseline, HbA1c showed a significant difference of 0.94% compared to the atorvastatin group in the combination group (0.35% vs. −0.58%, respectively; P<0.0001), whereas the proportion of patients with increased HbA1c was also 62% and 15%, respectively, showing a significant difference (P<0.001). The combination group also showed a significant decrease in LDL-C levels compared to the metformin group (−55.20% vs. −7.69%, P<0.001) without previously unknown adverse drug events. Conclusion The addition of atorvastatin to metformin improved HbA1c and LDL-C levels to a significant extent compared to metformin or atorvastatin alone in diabetes and dyslipidemia patients. This study also suggested metformin’s preventive effect on the glucose-elevating potential of atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, insufficiently controlled with exercise and diet. Metformin and atorvastatin combination might be an effective treatment in reducing the CVD risk in patients with both diabetes and dyslipidemia because of its lowering effect on LDL-C and glucose.