No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder* ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide*

No abstract available.
Arm* ; Free Tissue Flaps*

Salmonella osteomyelitis is uncommon and it often develops in patients with sickle cell anemia and other hemoglobinopathy. Especially, osteomyelitis caused Salmonella typhi in a nonsickle cell patients is a very rare event. We report three cases with review of literature.
Anemia, Sickle Cell ; Hemoglobinopathies ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; Salmonella typhi ; Salmonella

Recently, the number of surgeries with age-related cataracts has increased remarkably high due to the safety of modern cataract surgery and reliable post-operative visual function has been widely recognized by patients. In spite of such an increase in the number of patients, the authors specualtes that there are still many cataract patients with highly deteriorated visual function who havehad no occasion to receive an ocular examinatio. In order to screen such patients during their general health examination, the authors` study group experienced and evaluated the simplified cataract screening system recently proposed by Sasaki et al, Kanazawa Medical University in Japan. The cataract screening system consists of two steps; primary screening system is 12-item questionnaires, and far vision. In order to evaluate the screening system in Korea, it was used to test 224 indivisual who had wanted to be examined ophthalmologically in two area, Yongsan, Seoul and Donghae, Gangwondo province. Initially, well-trained nurse did the screening system, and then the same patients were examined by one ophthalmologist. The agreement ratio between the screening test and the final judgement for cataract was 70.8% and the final cataract-screening rate was 95.1%. Based on these results, the authors propose the possibility of clinical use of this screening system in general health care units.
Cataract* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

The authors present that was diagnosed late panophthalmitis histopathologically and that was a case of 17 scheie's filtering operated eyes during last 2 years. The patient was 63 year-old male who had chronic narrow angle glaucoma associated with moderate optic nerve cupping and atrophy in both eyes a year ago. Good filtering bleb showed and intraocular pressure controlled well normally after Scheie's operation in right eye. One year and five months later acute suppurative endophtbalmitis occured in operated eye during catarrhal conjunctivitis in both eyes. The authors concluded that the route of infection was filtering fleb. Culture of excreting pus through ruptured filtering fleb was negative.
Atrophy ; Blister ; Common Cold ; Conjunctivitis ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Panophthalmitis ; Suppuration

Cataract and refractive surgical procedures are now among the most common and successful in medicine. A clear understanding of the current situation and future trends in these fields has become increasingly important. Since 1995, we have annually surveyed the members of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive surgery(KSCRS) about cataract surgery technique, anesthesia, intraocular lens and refractive surgery. Third annual survey forms consisted of 71 multiple-choice questions were mailed in January 1998 to 180 ophthalmologist members of the KSCRS. Approximately 44% of the questionnaires mailed were returned by the February cutoff date. Current data were compared with data in previous annual survey. Over half of the respondents(52%) were in forties. Most of the cataract operation(83%) was carried out on hospitalized patients. Use of a retrobulbar with akinesia for cataract was 49%, and use of topical anesthesia increased from 5% in 1995 to 17% in 1996. Eight-one percent of surgeons used phacoemulsification for more than half of their patients. Selfsealing wound construction was main wound closure technique in phacoemulsification for 44%. The type of intraocular lens used for small incision cataract surgery included silicone(64%), small round PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate, 21%), and acrylic(11%). Sixty-three percent of surgery. From the answers to the survey, we found current trend and these results are valuable information to all ophthalmologists.
Anesthesia ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Postal Service ; Refractive Surgical Procedures* ; Wound Closure Techniques ; Wounds and Injuries ; Surveys and Questionnaires

At the present time, lidocaine is commonly used in ophthalmic surgery as a local anesthetic. Although it is safer than general anesthesia, visionthreatening and even life-threatening side effect can occur rarely. We report one case of visual loss combined with severe neurologic damage after local injection of lidocaine. Fifty-year-old male patient underwent phacoemulsification and IOL transscleral implantation with unplanned anterior vitrectomy after Nadbath-Ellis akinesia and retrobulbar anesthesia with lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. After operation, the patient had visual loss, facial palsy, total ophthalmoplegia, severe proptosis and submandibular swelling. There were no evidences of eyeball perforation, retrobulbar hemorrhage, and direct nerve injury. Although the mechanism of nerve injury is not well explainable, we suggest lidocaine toxic reaction. To our knowledge, This is the first reported case in the literature. We report this case with available literature review.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blindness* ; Cataract* ; Epinephrine ; Exophthalmos ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Lidocaine* ; Male ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Phacoemulsification ; Retrobulbar Hemorrhage ; Vitrectomy

Hurthle cell tumors are an infrequent neoplasm of the thyroid gland in adults. Hurthle cell tumors represent 4. 5% to 10% of all primary thyroid epithelial neoplasms in the foreign literature. It has been known as Hurthle cell tumor since Ewing was the first to use this term in 1928. Tumor occurring in an infant was described by Symmers(1941) and Morrow(1945). The authors experienced a case of congenital Hurthle cell tumor of the thyroid gland in a 2 months old boy. He was admitted to the pediatric surgical department because of a growing mass in the neck since birth. Ultrasonogram showed a huge lobulated homogenous solid mass with medium level echogenicity in the region of the thyroid gland. Subtotal thyroidectomy of right lobe and total thyroidectomy of left lobe were done. The specimen measures 2x3x1.5 cm and 7x3x3 cm, respectively. It was an encapsulated, yellow gray firm and solid mass. The cut surface was smooth, glistening and homogenous. Microscopicully, the tumor was composed of tightly packed regular follicles lined by polyhedral, cuboidal, large cells with a granular acidophilic cytoplasms. The nuclei are vesicular, usually only a little bit larger than those of normal thyroid cells.
Infant ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is known to increase the peripheral blood circulation. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of GBE on the acute normal tissue radiation reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C3H mice were divided into two groups, radiation alone and two doses GBE plus radiation, for both acute skin reaction and jejunal crypt assay. GBE was given i.p. one hour before irradiation with priming dose given one day earlier. Thirty to Fifty Gy for acute skin reaction and 11 to 14 Gy for jejunal crypt were irradiated to right hind leg and whole body, respectively. RESULTS: Radiation doses (RD50) for peak skin score of 2.0 were 44.2Gy (40.6-48.2Gy) for radiation alone and 44.4Gy (41.6-47.4Gy) for two doses GBE plus radiation, showing no effect of GBE on acute radiation skin damage. The numbers of regenerating jejunal crypts per circumference were also almost the same for each radiation dose level (p=0.57-0.94), and the mean lethal doses (Do) were 1.80Gy (1.57-2.09Gy) for radiation alone and 1.88Gy (1.65-2.18Gy) for two doses GBE plus radiation, indicating no effect of GBE on jejunal crypt cell survival after radiation. CONCLUSION: GBE doesn't increase acute normal tissue radiation reaction in this model system. As GBE was verified to enhance radiation effect on tumor, high therapeutic gain is expected when GBE is combined with radiation therapy.
Animals ; Blood Circulation ; Cell Survival ; Ginkgo biloba* ; Leg ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Radiation Effects ; Radiation Tolerance* ; Skin*

PURPOSE: Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is known to increase the peripheral blood circulation. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of GBE on the acute normal tissue radiation reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C3H mice were divided into two groups, radiation alone and two doses GBE plus radiation, for both acute skin reaction and jejunal crypt assay. GBE was given i.p. one hour before irradiation with priming dose given one day earlier. Thirty to Fifty Gy for acute skin reaction and 11 to 14 Gy for jejunal crypt were irradiated to right hind leg and whole body, respectively. RESULTS: Radiation doses (RD50) for peak skin score of 2.0 were 44.2Gy (40.6-48.2Gy) for radiation alone and 44.4Gy (41.6-47.4Gy) for two doses GBE plus radiation, showing no effect of GBE on acute radiation skin damage. The numbers of regenerating jejunal crypts per circumference were also almost the same for each radiation dose level (p=0.57-0.94), and the mean lethal doses (Do) were 1.80Gy (1.57-2.09Gy) for radiation alone and 1.88Gy (1.65-2.18Gy) for two doses GBE plus radiation, indicating no effect of GBE on jejunal crypt cell survival after radiation. CONCLUSION: GBE doesn't increase acute normal tissue radiation reaction in this model system. As GBE was verified to enhance radiation effect on tumor, high therapeutic gain is expected when GBE is combined with radiation therapy.
Animals ; Blood Circulation ; Cell Survival ; Ginkgo biloba* ; Leg ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Radiation Effects ; Radiation Tolerance* ; Skin*