PURPOSE: Sexual differences in the incidence and crystalline composition of urinary stones in humans are well-known, but it is unclear why men have a higher incidence of calcium oxalate stones than women. We investigated the effects of male sex hormones on stone formation using an ethylene glycol (EG) - induced urolithiasis model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, each containing 10 rats. One group of rats was left untreated and served as control. The other 3 groups were fed a 1% ethylene glycol (EG) lithogenic diet for 4 weeks. Among these, one group was non-castrated, one group was castrated and one group was non-castrated and given finasteride orally. Serum testosterone, creatinine, electrolytes, 24-hour urine levels of oxalate and citrate, and creatinine clearance were measured. The crystal deposits were examined by light and polarizing microscopes. RESULTS: Testosterone promoted calcium oxalate stone formation in EG - treated rats. Finasteride administration significantly decreased urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate deposition, compared with controls. Urinary citrate was significantly decreased in EG-treated rats, but was not influenced by castration or administration of finasteride. There were no significant differences in serum concentrations of creatinine, sodium, or potassium among the control and experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that testosterone promotes calcium oxalate stone formation, and that dihydrotestosterone may be partially responsible for the exaggerated hyperoxaluria in EG-treated rats. Additionally, male sex hormones have a lesser influence on urinary citrate than oxalate.
Adult ; Animals ; Calcium Oxalate* ; Calcium* ; Castration ; Citric Acid ; Creatinine ; Crystallins ; Diet ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Electrolytes ; Ethylene Glycol ; Female ; Finasteride ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria ; Incidence ; Male* ; Nephrolithiasis* ; Potassium ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium ; Testosterone ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*

We present a case of angiographically-confirmed transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis, image with MR, in a 20 year old male with a history of otitis media and maxillary sinusitis. T1-weighted image demonstrated an isosignal intensity mass with tubular-shaped low signal intensity in right transverse and sigmoid sinus. The thrombus had high signal intensity on T2-weighted image. The signal intensity of the thrombus on Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted image was unusually high similar to that of transverse sinus. Although dural sinus thrombosis has a non-specific MR signal intensity, findings of MRI in this case may serve as an aid in future evaluation of venous thrombosis.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Otitis Media ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial* ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis

There have been many reports regarding various operative methods for spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. However, there have been no reports regarding the comparison between posterolateral fusion (PLF) with pedicle screw fixation (PSF) and anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with PSF. The purpose of the current study was to compare the clinical outcomes of PLF with PSF and ALIF with PSF, and to help in the selection of treatment options. Fifty-six patients with spondylolytic spondylolisthesis who underwent PLF with PSF (group 1, 35 patients) or who underwent ALIF with PSF (group 2, 21 patients) were studied. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Demographic variables and disease state were similar for the two groups. We studied operating time, amount of blood loss, duration of hospital stay, clinical outcomes, complications, time at which fusion was complete, fusion rate, and radiological measurements. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the amount of blood loss, duration of hospital stay, back pain, radiating pain, fusion rate, or complication rate. However, in group 2, the operation time and the time at which fusion became complete was longer, and in group 1 there was significant radiological reduction loss. In conclusion, PLF with PSF was just as effective as ALIF with PSF in terms of clinical outcomes, but ALIF with PSF was superior to PLF with PSF in terms of the prevention of reduction loss. Anterior support would be helpful for preventing reduction loss in cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; *Bone Screws ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Postoperative Complications ; Spinal Fusion/*methods ; Spondylolisthesis/radiography/*surgery

Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis may exhibit symptoms such as back pain, radiating pain, and neurogenic claudication. Although long-term outcome of treatments manifests similar results for both nonsurgical and surgical treatments, positive effects such as short-term improvement in symptoms and decreased fall risk may be expected with surgery. Surgical treatment is basically decompression, and a combination of treatments can be added depending on the degree of decompression and the accompanying instability. Recently, minimally invasive surgery has been found to result in excellent outcomes in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Therefore, better treatment effects can be anticipated with an approach aimed at understanding the overall pathophysiology and treatment methods of lumbar spinal stenosis.

BACKGROUND: One of the most, probable pathogenesis of vitiliga is autoimmune. Systemic cor tico st,eroids suppress immunity and may arrest the progression of vitiligo and lead to repigmentation. OBJECTIVE: We have assessed the clinical effect of a oral small oral dose of corticosteroid to minimize side effects in vitiligo patients. METHODS: Thirty four patients(9;male, 25;female) with vitiligo were evaluated in this study. The patients took 7.5mg-20mg prednisolone initially for 2 months and then the dosage was tapered to half of the initial dosiat the 3rd month and half of dose of 3rd month for the last 4th month. We compared the effcct of treatment of vitiligo before and aft.er the study by photographs. and side efferts were issessed at. 1, 2, 3 and 4 month. RESULTS: The arrest of the progression of vitiligo was noticed in 79% of patients and repigmentation was noticed in 59% of patients which is statistically significant. The effect, of treatment according to extent, duiation, type, and site of vitiligo were not statistically significant. The side effects of treatment were minimal and did not affect the course of treatment. CONCLUSION: Small doses of iral corticosteroids are effective without any significant side effects in preventing progression and loiiduce repigmentation of active spreading vitiligo and generalized type of vitiligo that is difficult to treat with topical corticosteroids.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Humans ; Prednisolone ; Vitiligo*

A total of 14 children underwent 29 treatments with EDAP-LT01 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urinary tract stones between February, 1987 and ugust, 1988. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The sex ratio was about A 2:1, 9 (64.3%) in male and 5 (35.7%) in female patients. The average patient age was 7.1 years with a range of 2 to 16 years. 2. Treated stone locations were kidney in 8 children (57.1% ) ; calyx in 6 (42.8% ) and renal pelvis in 2 (14.3% ) and ureter in 6 (42.9% ) ; upper ureter in 2 (14.3% ) and lower ureter in 4 (28.6 %). There were multiple renal stone in 4 (28.6% ) and bilateral renal stone in 1 (7.1%), the average stone size was 1.6cm with a range of 0.7 to 3.1cm. 3. The average numbers of treatment were 1.8 sessions and the average treatment time was 38.7 minutes. The average storage required was 107 in one session. 4. Of the 11 patients whose age was less than 10 years, 10 (71.4% ) required caudal anesthesia. Three patients whose age was more than 10 years treated without any type of anesthesia. 5. The total average success rate of treatment-ended 11 patients was 81.8% in stones of 0.7-3.0cm. The cause of failed ESWL were stone component in 1 and impacted stone in 1. 6. All or the patients were not required the pre and post-ESWL additional manipulation. ESWL complications were not required admission and surgical management. Therefore, we confirmed that EDAP-LT01 ESWL is a safe, effective and easily applicable technique for treatment of urinary stones in children.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lithotripsy* ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Shock* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi

Mid-arm circumference and mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio(MAC/HC) were measured in 207 AGA(appropriate for gestational age) infants delivered at 26 to 42 weeks of gestation from January 1990 to December 1993 in Yeungnam University Hospital, Taegu, Korea. There were linear relationships between MACs and MAC/HC ratios and gestational age(MAC : y=03181x -2.2069, r=0.81, p<0.001 ; MAC/HC ratio : y=0.049x+0.1128, r=0.62, ; < 0.001). Using standard curves of MAC and MAC/HC ratio according to the gestational age, measurement of MAC or MAC/HC ratio can be a noninvasive, simple method to evaluate the intrauterine growth of newborn infants and the nutritional status of growing premature infants.
Daegu ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infant, Premature ; Korea ; Methods ; Nutritional Status* ; Pregnancy

Recently we have experienced 3 cases of IOL dislocations. There are 2 cases of PCL and a case of iridocapsular lens. In case 1 and 2, they received ECCE and PCL implantations and had managed well good visual acuity before the dislocation of the IOL had occurred. In case 1, he gained good vision by replacing with ACL but in case 2, he lost his vision due to secondary glaucoma with optic nerve atrophy which did not seem to be related directly with PCL dislocation. In case 3, the patient had received iridocapsular lens implantation 7 years ago and had three times of episodes of subluxation of his IOL. Last September he had another episode of subluxation of IOL loop inferiorly. The medical therapy of the reposition of IOL was failed and IOL was removed and replaced by ACL. Now he lost his vision due to bullous keratopathy as a result of repeated episodes of endothelial touch. The three cases of this report remind us that the patient can restore good vision if he or she visit to the ophthalmologist as immediately as possible when the blurred vision has developed as prodromal symptom of dislocation of IOL.
Atrophy ; Dislocations* ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Optic Nerve ; Prodromal Symptoms ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic*