PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the features of pulmonary lobes and fissure in Korean and to compare with the previous results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HRCT scans of 82 healthy Korean adults, performed with scan interval of 1.5/2.0 cm, were reviewed. RESULTS: Located mostly on inner aspect, incidences of incomplete oblique and horizontal fissure were 60% (Rt 48%, Lt 39%) and 51% respectively, lower than 70--80% and 60--75% of western studies. Superolateral oblique fissure, inferior accessory fissure, left horizontal fissure and other accessory fissure were shown in 1%, 13%, 7%, and 8% respectively. Lower lobe upper part faced laterally (Rt 91%, Lt 82%) while lower part faced medially (Rt 61%, Lt 79%). Right middle lobe ws highest posteromedially (49%) and was convex (97%). CONCLUSION: Features of pulmonary lobes and fissure in Korean were similar to the results of previous reports but with lower incidence of variation.
Adult ; Humans ; Incidence

PURPOSE: Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease of unknown causes mainly affecting the respiratory bronchioles and the more proximal bronchi. Findings on chest radiographs and high-resolution CT(HRCT) are well known and Akira classified HRCT findings of DPB into four types. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between findings of HRCT and PFT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively analyzed the chest radiographs and HRCT images of eleven patients with DPB and compared CT classification with pulmonary function test. RESULTS: Chest radiographs usually showed small nodular opacities throughout the both middle and lower lungs. The HRCT findings of DPB were centrilobularly distributed small nodular densities, branching linear densities contiguous with small round densities, dilated and thickened peripheral and central airways including bronchioles. More than one CT type by Akira's classification, usually two or three types, were found in nine patients. There was good correlation between CT types and FEV1%(p<0.05), CT types and FEV1/FVC (p<0.05) respectively. CONCLUSION: HRCT seems to be more useful for diagnosis and disease progression of DPB as compared with the chest radiographs or clinical stage such as pulmonary function test.
Bronchi ; Bronchioles ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Lung ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Function Tests* ; Retrospective Studies

We reviewed MR angiograms to evaluate its efficacy for visualizing the renal arteries and detecting renovascular disease. 41 renal arteries in 19 patients were examined by MR angiography. 3-D time-of-flight technique was used as routine examination method for MR angiography and 2-D time-of-flight technique was added in some particular cases to visualize venous flow. Within two weeks after MR angiography was performed, 23 renal arteries in 10 patients were additionally examined by conventional angiography or intraarterial DSA. The success rates of vessel visualization on MR angiography in normal renal arteries were 100% in main 67.7% in segmental, and 11.8% in intrarenal arteries. As a result of comparative study in normal main renal arteries with MR angiograms and conventional angiograms, overall correspondence in the number and the shape was noted and the caliber discrepancy between two examination did not exceed 3.0 mm. one arteriovenous fistula with aneurysm, one stenotic artery and two occluded arteries were well evaluated One arteriovenous fistula with aneurysm, and two occluded arteries were well evaluated by MR angiography. However three stenotic lesions were misdiagnosed as occlusions on MR angiography. and the overall accuracy was 87%. We conclude that MR angiography has the potential to be a noninvasive and useful screening method for determining the number of renal arteries and for detection of abnormalities of main renal arteries.
Aneurysm ; Angiography* ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Renal Artery*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of CT and MR imagings in the diagnosis aortic dissection and differentiation between the true and false lumen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied forty patients with aortic dissection(AD) diagnosed imagings or surgery. Of the forty patients, 19 were examined with only CT, 14 with CT and MR, and 7 with MI~: Our points of view were(1) the classification of AD according to configuration of intimal flap by cross-sectional imaging, (2) differentiation between the true and false lumens, (3) the course of the false lumen, and (4)! detectability of the origin of major branch vessels of the abdominal aorta. RESULTS: The classification by corss-sectional imaging were crescentic(65%), circumferential(15%), flat(12%), and irregular(8%) type, in which false negative diagnosis was made in 1 case of crescentic and circumferential type, respectively. In 2 case of flat type and 1 case of irregular type, the differentiation between the true and false lumen was impossible with CT. The course of the false lumen in descending thoracic aorta revealed countrclock wise rotation(66%), clockwise rotation(5%) or fixed(29%) apperance. MR imaging was superior to CT in the detection of the origin of major branch vessels of the abdominal aorta. The determination of the origin of major branches of abdominal aorta arising from the true and false lumen were impossible in 2 cases in which only CT was done. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of crescentic and circumferential types of AD with narrow and thrombosed false lumen was problematic in both CT and MR with no difference of diagnostic accuracy between the two modalities. The differentiation between the true and false lumen was difficult in flat and irregular types with only CT. Therefore, when surgical treatment is considered as in type B aortic dissection, MR imaging is recommended in order to determine the origin of major branch vessels.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Classification ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

Double outlet left ventricle (DOLV), even defined as origins of both great vessels from left ventricle,implies varieties of morphology in concern with loop pattern, location of ventricular septal defect, conotruncalanatomy, and presence or adsence of pulmonary stenosis. With the improvement of surgical tenchnique, correctivesurgery of DOLV became possible, and preoperative diagnosis and determination of the accurate anatomicalrelaltionship between great vessels, ventricular septal defect, and ventricles is very important in surgicalimplication. Authors have recently experienced two cases of DOLV. The one is with subpulmonic conus, subpulmonicventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and preductal type coarctation of aorta. The other is withbilateral coni and subaortic ventricular septal defect. Loop patterns are [S,D,D] in both cases.
Aortic Coarctation ; Conus Snail ; Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart Ventricles ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Neoplastic polyps of colon are one of the most risky factors for colorectal cancer. Particularly villous adenomas have more malignant potential than other neoplastic polyps. The preoperative detection of malignant change in villous adenoma is very important to determine treatment modality of patients. We conducted that total twenty-four cases of villous adenoma who were diagnosed and treated at our institution between January 1990 and December 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. The peak incidence of age was 7th decades. And male to female ratio was 2 : 1. Size of the adenoma ranged from 1.2 to 10.7 cm with a mean diameter of 3.9 cm. Five cases(20.8%) were between 1 and 2 cm, 10(41.7%) between 2 and 4 cm, and 9(31.5%) greater than or equal to 4 cm. Location of the adenoma were 10 cases(41.7%) in upper rectum, 8(33.3%) in rectosigmoid, and 6(25.0%) in lower rectum respectively. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen were diagnosed 9(37.5%) as benign villous adenomas, 10(41.7%) as in situ carcinoma, and 5(20.8%) as invasive carcinoma. The diagnostic accuracy to detect in situ carcinoma or invasive carcinoma was endoscopic examination in 66.7 percent and digital examination in 86.7 percent. The grade of in situ carcinoma had not significantly relationship with the size of the adenoma on our study. However, invasive carcinoma was significantly related to adenoma size(P<0.05) as following results zero percent between 1 and 2 cm, 20 percent between 2 and 4 cm, and 33.3 percent greater than or equal to 4 cm. In conclusion, the larger villous adenoma has higher malignant potential, especially greater than or equal to 4 cm in size. Added, the clinical impression of the malignancy on digital examination can be more accurate than preoperative endoscopic examination on our study.
Adenoma ; Adenoma, Villous* ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Polyps ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Colorectal perforation is a rare malady, but it usually presents abdominal emergency with high morbidity and mortality. It is very difficult to diagnose stercoral, idiopathic, or steroid induced perforation because these are very rare, but they show high mortality. The aims of this study are to: 1) evaluate and compare the characteristics of stercoral, idiopathic and steroid induced perforation with other perforations; and to 2) guide the diagnostic approach and treatment of these rare colon perforations. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed thirty five patients underwent surgery for colorectal perforation at the Department of Surgery, Daedong Hospital, from November 1996 to January 2005. Age, gender, perforation site, grade of peritonitis, methods of operation and mortality rates were compared between the various causes. Logistic regression was used to evaluate their effect on mortality. RESULTS: There were 10 cases of iatrogenic colorectal injuries (28%), 7 of steroid induced colorectal perforation (20%), 5 of stab (14%), 4 of diverticulitis (11%), 4 of stercoral (11%), 3 of idiopathic (8%), and 2 of cancer induced perforation (5%). Total mortality rate of all the cases was 28.5% (10 out of 35) but the mortality of stercoral, steroid induced and idiopathic perforation was 57% (8 out of 14). The mortality rate was higher in older age group (60 years above) (40%), stercoral (75%), steroid induced (57%) and idiopathic (33%), preoperative systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) (42%), preoperative septic shock (83%), abnormal WBC count (10,000/mm3 above or 4,000/mm3 below) (53%), left colon perforation (36%) and diffuse peritonitis (56%). The mortality rate was lower in young age group (13%), iatrogenic (10%), stab (0%), right colon perforation (10%) and localized peritonitis (5%). The peritonitis grade (Hinchey's stage) of idiopathic group, cancer and stercoral was worse (III-IV grade: 75%, 100%, 75%) than that of diverticulitis, iatrogenic and stab (III-IV grade: 25%, 30%, 40%). CONCLUSION: The stercoral, steroid induced and idiopathic colorectal perforation was rare, difficult to diagnose but it showed high mortality. The characteristics of these are an older age, presenting with a high peritonitis grade, preoperative SIRS, preoperative septic shock, and occurrence below the splenic flexure. If surgeons encounter these perforations, they should perform prompt surgical management and intensive postoperative care to reduce the mortality.
Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Diverticulitis ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Peritonitis ; Postoperative Care ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic

We experienced a case of mitral incompetence due to rupture of anterolateral papillary muscle in a 56-year-old male who complained of abdominal pain and mild dyspnea after being struck by car. Clinical manifestation immediately following injury was minimal, but heart failure progressed rapidly 3 days after injury. Echocardiopraphic evaluation revealed ruptured anterolateral papillary muscle and severe mitral regurgitation on color flow imaging. There was no evidence of coronary artery disease on coronary angiography. Operation revealed that the haed of anterolateral papillary muscle was torn out of its insertion. Mitral valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis was performed on the 50th day after injury.
Abdominal Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Dyspnea ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Papillary Muscles* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rupture* ; Thorax*

We compared all frozen section examination of ovarian tumors during a 5 year period in our institute with permanent section diagnosis from paraffin sections. In this period, 604 ovarian tumors had frozen section examination. Final histologic diagnosis was divided into benign, low malignant potential and malignant. Sensitivity of frozen section diagnosis for malignant was 80 %, low malignant potential 73,1%, and benign 99.8%. Predictive value for malignancy was 98.5%, for low malignant potential 76.6%, and for benign disease 96.2%. Diagnostic problems occurred in huge tumors and low malignat potential mucinous tumors. Analysis of the 32 false negative(miss or under diagnosis) revealed that a sampling error was involved almostly. The cases of discrepancy between frozen section diagnosis and permanent section diagnosis, were 26/34 in mucinous tumors and 33/34 in huge size of tumors(more than 10cm). Although surgeons and pathologist are aware of the limitations of frozen section diagnosis of ovarian tumors, peroperative histologic examination can be worthwhile and prevent under or over treatment of ovarian malignancies.
Diagnosis* ; Frozen Sections* ; Mucins ; Paraffin ; Selection Bias