Of 127 consecutive cases of relatively fresh rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, posterior vitreous detachments and their relation to type of retinal perforation were studied using a contact lens or Hruby lens and a biomicroscope for stereoscopic examination of the vitreous cavity and the fundus of the eve. Analysing 127 cases, the authors found a complets posterior vitreous detachment with collapse in 58 cases and a simple total pcsterior vitreous detachment in 69 cases. And posterior vitreous detachment was an indispensable factor for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The topographical site of election, however, varies with the type of perforation. Arrow-head tears occur preferentially in the upper half of the retina, particulaly with a predilection for the equatorial zone. Amog 26 horse-shoe shaped tears, 25tears were found in the upper half of the fundus and only one in the lower half. The horse-shoe shaped tears were always accompanied with total posterior vitreous detachment with collapse. In the series of 127 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 100 round holes were detected; 48 holes were found in the eyes wth total posterior vitreous detachment with collapse and 52 holes in the eye with simple total posterior vitreous detachment. The distribution of these perforations in the retina is of interest. The teares distributed almost equally in all quadrants. The vast majority occurred in the peripheral retina at equator or anterior to the equator and holes at juxtapapillary and intermedial areas are extremly rare. The authorse are of the opinion, that total posterior vitreous detachment with collapse, is one of the predisposing factors to lead to a horse-shoe shaped tear. In this type of vitreous detachment, the solid vitreous in the upper part is found only antereioly next to the vitreous base. In event of trauma and sudden movement of the eyeball, vitreoretinal adhesion, which located in the upper part of peripheral fundus may be pulled anteriorly and tangentially from the internal surface of the retina and so the base of the operculum deflects toward the ora serrata. The ascension phenomenon of the solid vitreous may also lead tc the formation of retinal tears in th elower part of the fundus. The convexity of the tear is always turned toward the optic nerve, and the concavity face the ora. The appearance of these rents may suggest that they not only are formed by a tearing process of a forward direction due to adhesion of the retina to the vitreous but also depend upon the typical network of retinal fibers. On the other hand, in simple total posterior vitreous detachment, a round hole of en occurrs in the equator as well as in macular, juxta papillary and intermedial region, because the solidification power of the formed vitreous operates as a force on the vitreoretinal adhesion toward the center of the eyeball.
Causality ; Hand ; Optic Nerve ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitreous Detachment*

A retrospective study of the effect of vitrectomy, scleral bucling and intraocular tamponade (SF6 gas or silicone oil) was carried out in 39 patients with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Complete anatomic retinal reattachment posterior to the encircling scleral buckle was obtained in 53% (21/40) of these eyes. Useful vision was restored in 52% of the 21 anatomically successful cases. Anatomic success was not correlated with severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and lens status. The most frequent postoperative complication was cataract in phakic eyes and recurrent retinal detachment in aphakic eyes.
Cataract ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling ; Silicone Oils ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

A retrospective study of the effect of vitrectomy, scleral bucling and intraocular tamponade (SF6 gas or silicone oil) was carried out in 39 patients with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Complete anatomic retinal reattachment posterior to the encircling scleral buckle was obtained in 53% (21/40) of these eyes. Useful vision was restored in 52% of the 21 anatomically successful cases. Anatomic success was not correlated with severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and lens status. The most frequent postoperative complication was cataract in phakic eyes and recurrent retinal detachment in aphakic eyes.
Cataract ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling ; Silicone Oils ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

To investigate the morphological changes in skeletal muscle produced by colchicines toxicity, 42/rats were given a single intraperitoneal dose(0.4mg/Kg) of colchicines, and the animals were killed at daily intervals up to 7 days. The results of light microscopic and electron microscopic observations are summarized as follows; 1) At the light microscopic level, colchicines treated arts show non-inflammatory, nonspecific scattered degeneration or necrosis of myofibers irrespective of location of the skeletal muscle. No significant pathologic changes in peripheral nerve fibers distributed in affected muscles are seen. 2) The general ultrastructural changes are dilation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, swelling and pleomorphism of mitochondria, and appearance of membraneous bodies characterized by a single or multiple concentric layers of membranes in subsarcolemmal zones and intermyofibrillar zones, and focal necrosis or loss of myofibrils. The incidence and severity of these changes show gradual increase and reach maximal peak 3 days after colchicines administration, and then they show gradual decrease. Nerve fibers and motor-end plates show no difference compared with the control. 3) The observations are consistent with the opinion that the muscle weakness or paresis produced by toxic dose of colchicines is not of neuropathic, but of myopathic alterations. 4) The membraneous bodies are classified into the following 3 types;Type I is those bodies outlined by a few concentric membranes with osmiophilic granules, small vesicles, free ribosomes, and mitochondria in central zone. Type II is those outlined by several concentric layers of membranes with osmiophilic granules, small vesicles, free ribosomes, and mitochondria in center. Type III is those outlined by multilayered or thick concentric membranes with osmiophilic granules, small vesicles, free ribosomes, and mitochondria in central zone, frequently with complicated lamellar structures. 5) The skeletal muscle lesions produced by colchicines toxicity may be categorized into those degenerative changes characterized by the appearance of membraneous bodies. And, morphologically, it is presumed that the membraneous bodies are heterogenous in origin, alterations of subcellular structures such as sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosome.
Animals ; Colchicine* ; Incidence ; Lysosomes ; Membranes ; Mitochondria ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Muscles ; Myofibrils ; Necrosis ; Nerve Fibers ; Paresis ; Peripheral Nerves ; Ribosomes ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Fatal complications including cerebral edema and neurologic collapse occur during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA). A 6-week-old female infant with fever, dehydration and drowsy mental status was diagnosed as DKA and neurologically deteriorated during treatment. The cranial computed tomography scan revealed multifocal brain infarctions of the left caudate nucleus, bilateral frontal periventricular white matter, and right parietal cortex. A moderate amount of hemorrhage was also noted in both lateral ventricles. She recovered rapidly with supportive treatment over time. The clinical course and radiologic findings of this patient emphasize the importance of brain infarction as a cause of persistent neurologic loss in children with DKA.
Brain Edema ; Brain Infarction* ; Brain* ; Caudate Nucleus ; Child ; Dehydration ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Female ; Fever ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lateral Ventricles ; Rabeprazole

The authors analysed 51 cases of intraocular foreign body patients who were treated at the Ophthalmic Department of Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, during a 6 year period. Follow up study was done for all cases of patient at least 6 months or more after operation. And the author studied several factors which influence the prognosis of intraocular foreign body. The results are as follows: 1. The incidence of intraocular foreign body was prevalent in young male adult 20-30 years of age, and a large number of their cases were magnetic properties. 2. Larger the size of foreign body and deeper the location of foreign body, worse the prognosis of final visual acuity was. 3. Time interval between injury and operation did not influence the prognosis of final visual acuity. 4. Corneal perforation had better prognosis than scleral perforation in the visual outcome.
Adult ; Corneal Perforation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies* ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prognosis ; Visual Acuity

This study was performed to investigate the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on blood pressure, plasma lipids, folate, and homocysteine levels in smokers and non-smokersof college male students in Gyeonggi Area. The nutrient intakes were determined by a 24hr-recall method. The subjects were divided into six groups: vitamin C supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin C and E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smokers and nonsmokers in terms of anthropometric measurements. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in smokers than that of non-smokers. There was no significant difference in energy and other nutrients intakes between smokers and non-smokers. In plasma lipids levels, smokers had higher plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol concentration than that of non-smokers (p < 0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers had a tendency to be lower than that of nonsmokers. In smokers, AI, TPH, LPH were significantly higher than that of non-smokers (p < 0.01). Plasma folate, homocysteine levels were not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in smokers: In vitamin C supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.01) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). In vitamin E supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In vitamin C and E supplementation group, LPH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in non-smokers: HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.05) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by vitamin C supplementation group. Plasma homocysteine level was decreased by vitamin E supplementation group in non-smokers p < 0.01). The results of this study showed that smoking had a tendency to increase plasma lipids levels that factor into the risk of coronary heart disease. It is considered that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers had a tendency to decrease cardiovascular disease than in nonsmokers.
Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Pressure* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Disease ; Folic Acid* ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that various inflammatory and immune reactions are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We tried to investigate whether the TNF receptor superfamilies are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirteen carotid atheroma specimens(frozen sections : 10 cases, paraffin section : 5 cases) were obtained from the patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy at Samsung Medical Center and one normal aortic tissue was obtained from a transplantation donor in brain death. In the carotid endarterectomy specimens and a normal aortic tissue , the expressions of R110(TR1), 139(TR2) and DR3(TR3), members of the TNF receptor superfamilies were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies. Simultaneously, we evaluated the expressions of foam cells, smooth muscle cells, T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis identified a strong expressions of foam cells and smooth muscle cells in all atheroma. But, the expression of T-lymphocytes was minimal and that of B-lymphocytes was rare. The expression of DR3(TR3) was seen in all atheroma as strongly positive. The expression of 139(TR2) was observed well in frozen sections, but not in paraffin sections. Whereas, that of R110(TR1) was observed in paraffin sections as weakly positive, but not in frozen section. The areas where the TNF receptor superfamilies were expressed correlated to the area of foam cell presence. The expression of DR3 also correlated with expression of smooth muscle cells. In normal aortic tissue, the expression of inflammatory cells or TNF receptor superfamilies was not observed except smooth muscle cells which were observed in normal artery. CONCLUSION: Foam cells and smooth muscle cells were abundantly present in atheroma. The TNF receptor superfamilies are expressed in the atheroma and the region of expression was coincident with the presence of foam cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; Brain Death ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Foam Cells ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Paraffin ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic* ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tissue Donors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

The fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) has become a popular method to diagnose mass lesions of the liver. Although many reports have listed FNAB criteria to be used to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), a diagnostic dilemma still exists at the extreme ends of the spectrum, particularly for well differentiated HCC. The authors reviewed a series of FNAB specimens of the liver to distinguish well differentiated HCC from nonneoplastic liver. Fifteen cytologic features were examined in this study: high cellularity, large sheet formation, trabecular pattern, acinar pattern, dispersed pattern, irregular arrangement, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, naked nuclei, irregular chromatin, irregular nuclear contour, multinucleation, uniform macronucleoli, multiple nuclei, uniform small cytoplasm and monotony of atypia. These features were examined in a series of 76 FNAB specimens. Fifty two specimens were from patients with HCC and 24 specimens were from patients with nonneoplastic lesion or tumors other than HCC containg adequate amount of nonneoplastic hepatocytes in smear. All specimens were coded as to the presence or absence of the above cytologic features. With the use of stepwise logistic regression analysis, three features were identified as the key cytologic features predictive of HCC: irregular chromatin, monotony of atypia and absence of large sheet formation. When these criteria were used, the sensitivity diagnosing HCC by FNAB was 94.2%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value was 88.9%.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Liver ; Logistic Models ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Patients with acromegaly have a reduced life expectancy rnainly due to cardiovascular, respiratory or cerebrovascular diseas-. Malignancy also seems to occur with greater than the expected incidence. In particular, the published retrospective or prospective studies have suggested a strong association of colonic neoplasia with acromegaly. But, there were a few reports of thyroid cancer in acrornegaly. We report a case of thyroid papillary cancer derived from diffuse goiter in acromegaly, sugge- sting the possible carcinogenic role of growth hormone.
Acromegaly ; Bites and Stings ; Colon ; Goiter ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Expectancy ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms