No abstract available.
Amlodipine* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Doxazosin* ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Lovastatin*

No abstract available.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain*

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of epidurally administered tramadol hydrochloride, a weak centrally acting analgesic, was studied for the relief of postoperative pain. Clonidine, an alpha2 adrenergic agonist, has nonopiate antinociceptive properties which might be an alternative for postoperative analgesia free of undesirable effects from opioids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effects of an epidural administration with a combination of tramadol and clonidine. METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to three treatment groups to be given the following agents by the epidural route: group 1, 10 ml of bupivacaine 0.125%; group 2, 10 ml of bupivacaine 0.125% with tramadol 50 mg; group 3, 10 ml bupivacaine 0.125% with tramadol 50 mg and clonidine 100 microgram. In the recovery room, postoperative analgesia was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) at 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hour. Vital signs, sedation score and side effects were also checked. RESULTS: VAS scores were significantly lower in group 3 than group 1. In addition, VAS scores were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2 at 4 and 5 hours. Blood pressure, heart rate and sedation scores were not significantly different among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of epidural 0.125 % bupivacaine, tramadol 50 mg and clonidine 100 microgram produces more profound and longer postoperative analgesic effects than 0.125% bupivacaine and tramadol 50 mg or only 0.125% bupivacaine for the lower abdominal surgery.
Adrenergic Agonists ; Analgesia* ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Clonidine* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Pain, Postoperative ; Recovery Room ; Tramadol* ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of cilazapril, a recently developed angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, a clinical study was performed in the patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. METHODS: The study subject consisted of 31 patients with diastolic blood pressure of 95mmHg~115mmHg (mean age : 56.0+/-8.1 years, 16 males and 15 females). Cilazapril was administered orally in a daily dose of 2.5mg~5.0mg Q.D. for 8 weeks. During cilazapril medication, anti-hypertensive efficacy, side effects and laboratory changes were monitored. RESULTS: Cilazapril decreased blood pressure from baseline value of 162.2+/-4.7/98.4+/-2.8mmHg to 144.6+/-10.0/89.7+/-5.7mmHg after 4weeks of medication (p<0.05) and 138.2+/-4.5/87.8+/-4.0mmHg after 8 weeks of medication (p<0.05). Heart rate change was not significant (72.3+/-4.7/min vs 71.7+/-3.6/min). Body weight change was not significant (66.6+/-9.8 Kg vs 66.8+/-9.9 Kg). There were no significant change in blood chemistry and hematologic examination except mild elevation of alanine transaminase and serum creatinine values but these date were within normal ranges. The side effects were dry cough (4 case, 12.9%), headache (2 case, 6.4%), indigestion (1 case, 3.2%) and dry mouth (1 case, 3.2%). One patient dropped out due to severe dry cough but others were mostly mild in nature. CONCLUSIONS: Cliazapril 2.5mg~5.0mg once daily regimen was effective and well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Alanine Transaminase ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight Changes ; Chemistry ; Cilazapril* ; Cough ; Creatinine ; Dyspepsia ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Mouth ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Reference Values

PURPOSE: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of lower respiratory disease, especially in children and young adults. The diagnosis, in most cases, is confirmed by serology. M. pneumoniae is difficult to culture because of its fastidious nature, and growth is too slow for diagnostic use. In this prospective study, the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay was evaluated with clinical samples. METHODS: We compared the nested PCR test with serological findings for detection of M. pneumoniae in clinical samples(sputum or throat swabs), obtained from 58 pneumonic children who were admitted to the pediatric department of Chungnam National University Hospital between February and September, 1997. RESULTS: Among 28 mycoplasma antibody positive cases, the number of positive cases of cold agglutinin test were 20. So sensitivity and specificity of cold agglutinin test were 71.4% and 80.0%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of cold agglutinin test were of 76.9% and 75.0%. Among 28 mycoplasma antibody positive cases, the number of positive cases of M. pneumoniae nested PCR were 26 cases. So sensitivity and specificity of M. pneumoniae nested PCR were of 92.8% and 100.0%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were of 100.0% and 93.7%. Four cases showing negative antibody, in acute phase serum and positive in convalescent, revealed positive for nested PCR test. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that nested PCR assay is a highly sensitive, specific test and is fast enough to allow for the early application of therapy with specific antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pharynx ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Conjunctiva* ; Melanoma*

Left ventricular false tendon, also called moderator bands, anomalous cords, accessory bands or false chordae tendinae, has been known as simple anatomical without clinical importance. But the possible relationship with Still's type murmur and ventricular arrhythmia were reported recently. The incidence of false tendon was known as 0.5-6.1% variably. In Korea, there are no reports about left ventricular false tendon till now. The authors examined 2,052 patients' echocaediograms and clinical manifestations retrospectively to find the incidence and potent clinical significance of false tendons. The incidence in present study was 1.02% and there was no specific relationship between false tendon and cardiovascular diseases. The authors observed Still's type musical murmur in 5 patients out of 21 and ventricular premature beats in 2 patients out of 10 without other cardiovascular diseases. One of them showed nonsustained ventricular tachycaedia during Holter ECG monitoring. The most frequent echocardiographic site of attachment was from basal inter-ventricular septum to lelft ventricular free wall and false tendon attached to papillary muscle was least frequently observed.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Music ; Papillary Muscles ; Retrospective Studies ; Tendons*

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of continuous intravenous infusion of esmolol on the heart rate and blood pressure, after ketamine induction and endotracheal intubation. METHODS: With informed consent, forty patients with ASA physical status 1 were randomly divided into two groups. Esmolol group received the continuous intravenous infusion of esmolol (at 500 microgram/kg/min for 1 minute as a loading dose and at 300 microgram/kg/min until 7 minutes after endotracheal intubation as a maintenance dose) and saline group received normal saline at the same volume-rate. 2 mg/kg of ketamine and 0.15 mg/kg of vecuronium were given at 4 minutes after the test drugs. Intubation was performed at 3 minutes after the induction. The changes of blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product were measured at different time intervals (preinduction, preintubation, immediately after intubation and postintubation 1, 3, 5 and 7minutes). RESULTS: In the esmolol group, the changes of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product were significantly attenuated when compared with the saline group. The changes in heart rate at preintubation and intubation were not statistically significant when compared with the baseline value within the esmolol group. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the infusion of esmolol attenuated the hemodynamic changes following ketamine induction and endotracheal intubation, but it is still needed to find the dosage of esmolol.
Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Infusions, Intravenous* ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Ketamine* ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; Vecuronium Bromide