Bowens disease is generally regarded as a premalignant dermatosis. If untreated, 3% to 5% of patients may develop squamous cell carcinoma. However, sebaciou carcinoma arising from Bowens disease is very rare. We presented a case of quarnous cell carcinoma and sebaceous circ s disease in a 68 year-old male. He had multiple bowenoid skin lesi nsties. A bean-sized nodule as developed on the bowenoid lesion of the he had a large yellow crust.ed exudative tumor on the Rt. thigh. We took a biopsy specimen of these three discrete lesions. The nu lipid stain of frozen section revealed Bowens disease, squarnous concllnoma arising from Bowen on the trunk and extremi Rt. lower abdomen. Almost of routine histology and carcinoma, and sebaceous carcinoma, respectively.
Abdomen ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Thigh

In 2008, Korea has enacted new ordinances about the role of estheticians, but this law can be interpreted ambiguously, restricting hiring of estheticians in medical clinics. The purpose of the study is to obtain information about medical-esthetic systems in other countries. We have taken a survey of this object from 30 OECD & Asian countries, and the questionnaires returned from a total of 22 countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Singapore, Israel, and Thailand), were used for the final analysis. The results are summarized as follows. In most countries, estheticians working independently deal with only healthy, normal skin. In most countries, estheticians working independently have no right to operate any medical instruments. In all 17 countries that returned the questionnaires medical clinics can employ estheticians, and only theses estheticians who belong to the medical clinics can handle the non-invasive medical instruments under the supervision of doctors. In 17 countries that have related legal regulations, nurses, under the control of doctors, can perform wider range of duties in various settings than estheticians. The survey concludes that the duties of estheticians are closely related with medical skin care services and estheticians can perform various non-invasive medical procedures only under the control of doctors. From consulting a variety of medical-esthetic systems in other countries, we propose that the estheticians be allowed to work in medical clinics to provide better medical services for the patients and to make more chances of employment for themselves.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Austria ; Canada ; Denmark ; Employment ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Hungary ; Israel ; Japan ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Organization and Administration ; Portugal ; Questionnaires ; Singapore ; Skin ; Skin Care ; Slovakia ; Social Control, Formal ; Spain ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United States

No abstract available.
Lymphocytes* ; Macrophages* ; Nitric Oxide*

PURPOSE: To study theeffect of micro incision (1.8 mm) and small incision (2.2 mm and 2.8 mm) coaxial phacoemulsification on surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and high-order aberrations (HOA) of anterior and posterior corneal surface. METHODS: The present randomized clinical study included 32 eyes having a 1.8-mm, 38 eyes having a 2.2-mm, and 30 eyes having a 2.8-mm corneal incision. SIAs were measured at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. HOAs included coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration. The coma-root mean square (RMS) and trefoil-RMS were evaluated at 1 month after the cataract operation. RESULTS: Surgically induced astigmatisms were 0.41 +/- 0.30 diopter (D) in the 1.8-mm incision group, 0.47 +/- 0.21 D in 2.2-mm group and 0.71 +/- 0.50 D in the 2.8-mm group. The SIA of the 1.8-mm group was smaller than the other groups (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in coma, spherical aberration of the corneal anterior surface and trefoil, or spherical aberration of the posterior surface among the 3 groups at 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Incision size contributes to postoperative corneal astigmatism. Phacoemulsification cataract surgery with less than 2.8-mm incision does not significantly influence the corneal aberrationsof anterior and posterior corneal surfaces.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Coma ; Eye ; Lotus ; Phacoemulsification

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is a condition in which, as a result of pelvic inflammatory disease, the liver capsule becomes involved with inflammatory exudate that later leaves violin string adhesions. Although in the past Neisseria gonorrhea was thought to be the only etiological agent, recent data indicate that Chlamydia trachomatis may play an important role in perihepatitis. Perihepatic adhesions may be an aftereffect of the acute hepatic episode, and because the cause of ectopic pregnancy is thought to be salpingitis, women with an ectopic pregnancy may have a higher prevalence of coexisting perihepatic adhesion. The incidence of this conditon in ectopic gestation was reported to be 14-34 %. Direct observation of the liver and pelvis through laparoscope is the most definitive method of diagnosing salpingitis and perihepatitis. Standard treatement regimens recommended for salpingitis are adequate also for treatement of perihepatitis. We have experienced two cases of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome associated with ectopic pregnancy, and report with the brief review of the literatures.
Chlamydia trachomatis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopes ; Liver ; Neisseria ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Pelvis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Prevalence ; Salpingitis

Beta adrenergic receptors(beta-ARs) were detected in retina, trabecular meshwork, iris and ciliary body in eye of human, cat, rabbit, and bovine using in vitro autoradiography and majority of the beta-ARs found in eye are the beta2 subtype. Recently, the beta2-AR gene has been cloned from hamster, human, rat and monkey using molecular biological methods. Expression of beta2-AR mRNA were demonstrated in smooth muscle, kidney, ovary, brain, adipose tissue, heart, epithelial cells, thymus, lung and liver. However, studies about expression and distribution of beta2-AR mRNA in the eye have not been done yet. Author have characterized the expression of beta2-AR mRNA in rat eye using in situ hybridization with 35S-UTP riboprobe. beta2-AR mRNA was expressed in corneal epithelium and stroma, ciliary epithelium, vessels of ciliary body, choroidal vessel, and retina. In contrast it was not expressed in iris and sclera in the rat eyes. These results support the hypothesis that beta2-AR mRNA may be synthesized in the various ocular tissue and its characterized distribution suggests partially that beta2-ARs are related with aqueous production and blood supply of the eye.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain ; Cats ; Choroid ; Ciliary Body ; Clone Cells ; Cricetinae ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Heart ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Iris ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Muscle, Smooth ; Ovary ; Rats* ; Receptors, Adrenergic* ; Retina ; RNA, Messenger* ; Sclera ; Thymus Gland ; Trabecular Meshwork

This study was carried out to reveal the epidemiologic characteristics of psoriasis in Korea. Seventeen university hospitals were engaged in this study, and the results were as follows : 1. The number of psoriasis patients during the 10 years from January 1977 to March 1987 was 1.05% of all the outpatients; the male to female-ratio was 1.08:1. 2. In the prospective study, the number of psoriasis patients was 2.3% of all the outpatients in 1987, 2.8% of all the outpatients in 1988 and the male to female ratio was 1.26:1. 3. The most prevalent age of onset was 20-29 years ; 81.1% were living in urban areas; and a family history was obtainable in 19.8% with parents holding the highest rank of 7.8%. 4. The most frequent duration of disease activity was under 5 years in 63.3%; the most common age for the worst condition was 20-29 yrs. The most common area size of skin involvement at the peak of the worst condition was less than 10%. 5. The most common initiating skin lesion began on the scalp in 20.2%, on the nail in 17.2%, pruritus in 63.0% with joint symptoms in 10.8%, and Koebner phenomena in 50.6%. 6. Emotional stress was the most common aggravating factor in 34.4%. The method of treatment that attained the best result was the combination therapy of oral medication and a topical agent. The best treatment modality was said to be the application of ointment with p.o.medication by as many as 28.4% of patients who took the leading rank. Photo-chemotherapy, effective with few complications, was not used much as it was not well-known in Korea until after 1980. Most people had an accurate knowledge of psoriasis.
Age of Onset ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea ; Male ; Methods ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Prospective Studies ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis* ; Scalp ; Skin ; Stress, Psychological

Total 87 patients were divided into 4 different dosage and try to observe what was affected to cardiovascular system depends on the increasing the plasma ionized cakium concentration (3% calcium chloride; 4 mg/kg, as its double 8 mg/kg and 10% calcium gluconate; 14 mg/kg, as its double 28 mg/kg). The results were as follows;, 1) Though using double dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate, could not get to increase as double of plasma ionized calcium concentration. 2) Plasma ionized calcium concentration was increased to the highest level on 1 minute after intravenous administration with each dosage and after increasing to highest level was show to be decreased gradually during 30 minutes after injection. 3) Heart rate was decreased until 30 minute after injection with each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate with statistically significancy (p<0.05) but when 3% calcium chloride were used, the change of heart rate following increase of calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 4) When 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were used, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increasing of plasma ionized calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 5) Changing of cardiac index (CI) following plasma ionized calcium concentration, have only statistically significancy after each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate was injected but each dosage of 3% calcium chloride have not any statistically significancy respectively. With the above results, equivalent dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were increased as similar change of plasma ionized calcium concentration but 10% calcium gluconate 14 mg/kg, 28 mg/kg are only have statistically significany between the change of PR, CI and increasing plasma ionized calcium concentration (p<0.05).
Administration, Intravenous ; Arterial Pressure ; Calcium Chloride* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Cardiovascular System* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous* ; Plasma*

Total 87 patients were divided into 4 different dosage and try to observe what was affected to cardiovascular system depends on the increasing the plasma ionized cakium concentration (3% calcium chloride; 4 mg/kg, as its double 8 mg/kg and 10% calcium gluconate; 14 mg/kg, as its double 28 mg/kg). The results were as follows;, 1) Though using double dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate, could not get to increase as double of plasma ionized calcium concentration. 2) Plasma ionized calcium concentration was increased to the highest level on 1 minute after intravenous administration with each dosage and after increasing to highest level was show to be decreased gradually during 30 minutes after injection. 3) Heart rate was decreased until 30 minute after injection with each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate with statistically significancy (p<0.05) but when 3% calcium chloride were used, the change of heart rate following increase of calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 4) When 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were used, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increasing of plasma ionized calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 5) Changing of cardiac index (CI) following plasma ionized calcium concentration, have only statistically significancy after each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate was injected but each dosage of 3% calcium chloride have not any statistically significancy respectively. With the above results, equivalent dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were increased as similar change of plasma ionized calcium concentration but 10% calcium gluconate 14 mg/kg, 28 mg/kg are only have statistically significany between the change of PR, CI and increasing plasma ionized calcium concentration (p<0.05).
Administration, Intravenous ; Arterial Pressure ; Calcium Chloride* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Cardiovascular System* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous* ; Plasma*

Bone cells produce multiple growth factors and cytokines that have effects on bone metabolism and can be incorporated into the bone matrix. The present study was designed to extend these observations by examining the interactions between transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) or interleukin-1beta (rhIL-1beta) and bone cells in a rat long bone culture model. IL-1beta regulates several activities of the osteoblast cells derived from rat long bone explants in vitro. IL-1beta stimulated cellular proliferation as well as the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and plasminogen activator activity in the cultured cells in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-beta is present in the bone matrix and potentially released during bone resorption. TGF-beta reduced basal bone resorption and inhibited vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-induced bone resorption in rat long bone cells. These results support the role of IL-1beta in the pathological modulation of bone cell metabolism, with regard to implication in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by IL-1beta, and that TGF-beta positively inhibits the bone resorption.
Animals ; Bone Matrix ; Bone Resorption* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholecalciferol ; Cytokines ; Dinoprostone* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Interleukin-1beta ; Metabolism ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteoporosis ; Plasminogen Activators* ; Plasminogen* ; Rats* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*