Primary pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the common pulmonary disease affecting children in Korea. Simple chest film is essential in diagnosis of primary pulmonary tuberculosis, but it is difficult to interpret the findings in some cases. Authors reviewed chest films of 162 cases of clinically confirmed primary pulmonary tuberculosis from April 1978 to June 1981 at Seoul National University Hospital. The results are as follows; 1. Lymph node enlargement, either hilar or mediastinal, was found in 82.7% and pulmonary parenchymal infiltration in74%. 2. Incidence of unilateral and bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement is about 50% (81cases) and 30% (49cases) respectively. Incidence of unilateral and bilateral mediastinal lymph node enlargement is about 21% (34cases) and 4.3% (7 cases), more common in right side. 3. Pulmonary parenchymal lesion is demonstrated in 74% (120cases). The pattern of primary focus is as follows in order; patchy infiltration 47% (76 cases) linear-streaky infiltration 15% (25 cases), lobar or segmental homogenous infiltration 9% (14 cases), nodular infiltration 4% (7cases). The primary focus of right lung is two times as common as that of left. 4. Calcification in primary focusis noted in about 27% in pulmonary parenchyma and 49% in hilum. 5. Plerual effusion is identified in 10%, but pleural effusion without pulmonary parenchymal lesion or lymph node enlargement is noted in only 2% (3 cases).
Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lymph Nodes ; Pleural Effusion ; Seoul ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Adult polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease characterized by bilateral multiple renal cysts and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant traits. The disease usually manifests in the fourth decade of life. The affected patients usually die with end stage renal failure, cardiovascular assaults and infection etc. Cardiovascular assaults include ruptured berry aneurysm, spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, acute myocardial infarction, dissecting aortic aneurysm and hypertensive heart failure. Fatal intracranial hemorrhage and hypertensive heart failure occur in 15% and 2% of patients, respectively. Genetically-determined structural weakness in the arterial wall have been suggested as a possible factor in the genesis of berry aneurysm. We have experienced three autopsy cases with cardiovascular causes of sudden death. Two cases have intracranial hemorrhage (1 berry aneurysm and 1 intracerebral hemorrhage) and the remaining one is dead with hypertensive cardiomyopathy. All of them are aged over 40 years and associated with polycystic liver disease. Histologically, myriad cysts of enlarged bilateral kidney are lined by single layer of cuboidal cells with focal hyperplastic epithelial configuration. Diffusely scattered liver cysts are also lined by flat to cuboidal epithelium and often associated with portal fibrosis.
Adult* ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Autopsy ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Death, Sudden ; Epithelium ; Fibrosis ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Kidney ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Myocardial Infarction ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant* ; Renal Insufficiency

BACKGROUND: Human growth hormone(hGH) plays a central role in linear bone growth and body metabolism. Its mitogenic effect in human tissues is mediated via direct and indirect actions. As proposed by the "somatomedin hypothesis", many circulating GH-mediated effects are exerted indirectly and systemically via stimulation of hepatic synthesis of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1). Given additional evidences for the expression of growth hormone receptor(GH-R) and IGF-1 receptor(IGF-1R) on many target tissues including keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts, it is now evident that the GH can act via systemic IGF-1 secreted by the liver and locally produced IGF-1, as well as directly through the GH receptor. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate not only the effect of IGF-1 on the morphologic changes, proliferation, and melanization of cultured human melanocytes but also on its signal transduction pathway through the IGF-1R. METHODS: Melanocytes were exposed to IGF-1 at 10, 25, 50, 75, 100ng/ml and we examined the changes of cell morphology, number of cells, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, MTS assay, and melanization according to the concentrations and exposure times of IGF-1. Also, the activity of p44/42 MAPK/ERK according to the various exposure times of IGF-1(25ng/ml) was examined using the Western blotting method to find out about the signal transdution pathway of IGF-1. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1. There were no significant morphological changes of cells between the control and experimental groups according to the concentrations and exposure times of IGF-1. 2. The effects on melanocytes according to the concentrations of IGF-1 5 days after adding IGF-1 : 1) The number of cells, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and MTS assay were significantly higher than those of control group in all experimental groups(p<0.05). 2) The melanin content showed an insignificant decrease in all experimental groups. 3) The melanocytes responded independent of the IGF-1 concentration in the assay of cell number, [3H]-thymidine incorporation and MTS. 3. The effects on melanocytes according to the exposure times(3 days, 5 days, 7 days) of IGF-1(25 ng/ml) : 1) The number of cells, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and MTS assay increased as time went by, and was significantly higher than those of control group at all exposure times(p<0.05). 2) The melanin content decreased after exposure of IGF-1, especially that of 3 days exposure group showed a significant decrease(p<0.05). 4. The activities of p44/42 MAPK/ERK increased suddenly at 5 minutes with a peak at 60 minutes and then abruptly decreased at 120 minutes after adding IGF-1 CONCLUSION: In summary, this study demonstrates that IGF-1 has no effect on the morphology, but it does increase the proliferation and slightly decrease the melanization of cultured human melanocytes. In addition, it is suggested that IGF-1 plays a role in regulation of proliferation of melanocytes via the receptor PTK pathway with activation of p44/42 MAPK/ERK.
Blotting, Western ; Bone Development ; Cell Count ; Fibroblasts ; Growth Hormone ; Humans* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Keratinocytes ; Liver ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Metabolism ; Signal Transduction

No abstract available.
Antigen-Antibody Complex* ; Humans ; Interleukin-2* ; Ovarian Neoplasms*

A case of clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in the female urinary bladder, which is accompanied by endometriosis of the urinary bladder and the uterus, is reported. The carcinoma protruded into the vesical lumen as a fungating mass, and had a tubulocyotic pattern. The tumor cell had intracytoplasmic glycogen and electron microscopically short microvilli on their surface, resembling clear cell acenocarcinoma of the female genital tract including ovary. This is the fourth case report of clear cell adenocarcinoma complicating vesical endometriosis, and may support the view that clear cell carcinome arises from endometriosis which, in turn, from the Mullerian remnant.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

A case of clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in the female urinary bladder, which is accompanied by endometriosis of the urinary bladder and the uterus, is reported. The carcinoma protruded into the vesical lumen as a fungating mass, and had a tubulocyotic pattern. The tumor cell had intracytoplasmic glycogen and electron microscopically short microvilli on their surface, resembling clear cell acenocarcinoma of the female genital tract including ovary. This is the fourth case report of clear cell adenocarcinoma complicating vesical endometriosis, and may support the view that clear cell carcinome arises from endometriosis which, in turn, from the Mullerian remnant.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

We report a case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma in a 35 year-old woman. She presented with dyspnea, facial edema and neck vein distension during 1 month. The oval round large mass(8x4 cm) filling the right atrium infiltrated into the entire thickness of the lateral wall and extended to the vena cava and ventricle. The interatrial septum and pericardium seemed to be intact. Despite the surgical excision and adjuvant chemo-and radiotherapy, the patient died 8 months later due to tumor recurrence. The histologic findings of tumor varied from benign looking capillary proliferation mimicking granulation tissue to sarcoma composed of spindle cells. But anastomosing vascular channels lined by anaplastic polygonal cells and intracytoplasmic lumen containing red blood cells were characteristic findings. These tumor cells showed positive reaction to endothelial cell antigen and factor VIII-related antigen. The intercellular junctional complex and vascular channels formed by cytoplasmic process of tumor cells were identified by the ultrastructural study.
Female ; Humans

Radiological investigation in patients with clonorchiasis is very important as this is the only method of evaluating the severity of clonorchiasis. In order to correlate the radiologic and pathologic findings of clonorchiasis, fourteen rabbits infested with Clonorchis sinensis and five control rabbits were examined radiologically by ultrasonography, computed tomography and cholangiography and the results were correlated with pathologic findings. Dilatation of the intrahepatic small bile ducts of the liver was due to obstruction by flukes: oval or elliptical small filling defects or irregular margin of the bile ducts on cholangiogram or intraluminal echoes on sonogram represented flukes per se; periductal thickening on sonogram and periductal enhancement of bile ducts on CT were due to inflammatory cell infiltration, adenomatous hyperplasia and periductal fibrosis: band like enhancement at the periphery of the liver on CT represented proliferated bile ducts, destruction of liver cells and resultant fibrosis. The study confirmed the pathological bases for the radiological findings of clonorchiasis in liver and bile ducts and will, perhaps, serve as a basis for the future radiologic-pathological correlation of clonorchiasis and in further clinical and experimental researches in the biliary tract diseases.
Bile Ducts ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; Cholangiography ; Clonorchiasis* ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Dilatation ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Liver ; Methods ; Rabbits* ; Trematoda ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1*

PURPOSE: Computed tomographic(CT), ultrasonographic(US) findings of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas were correlated with pathologic findings for the better understanding of this disease entity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review of CT and US of 14 cases of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas was carried out in terms of the margin, internal architecture, caicification and septation, and this was correlated with gross pathologic findings. RESULTS: CT and US findings were well defined round masses consisting of both solid and cystic components. Five cases were cystic, four cases were solid and five cases were mixed. Cystic portion of the tumor represented variable degree of hemorrhagic necrosis. Six cases contained foci of calcification, which were linear, marginal and amorphous. Marginal calcification interfered US examination of the mass in three cases. Internal septurn was demonstrated in four cases on CT, one case on US and three cases on gross specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that calcification and internal septurn were considered as a part of radiologic findings in solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas.
Necrosis ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial* ; Pancreas* ; Retrospective Studies