Reviewing the results of the blood cultures performed at Yeungnam University Hospital during 4-year-period through January, 1, 1984 to December 31, 1987, the following results were obtained. 1) Out of 8083 blood specimens cultured microorganisms grew in 582 specimens with positivity rate of 7.20%. Polymicrobial bacteremia was found in 16 patients. 2) Among 582 positive specimens, Gram-positive cocci grew in 189 specimens, and Gram-negative bacilli, in 393 specimens. Clinically significant microorganisms consisted of 82 Staphylococcus aureus, and 20 Streptococcus species in Gram-positive cocci group, 80 Salmonella typhi, 72 Escherichia coli, 72 Salmonella paratyphi A in Enterobacteriaceae, and 46 Pseudomonas cepacia, and 16 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in glucose non-fermenting microorganisms. 3) Increasing incidence of Serratia, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species as major nosocomial infection source is noteworthy. They showed increased tendency from 6.3% of 1984 to 17.7% of 1987 of total positive blood cultures. 4) High isolation rate of Pseudomonas species and Aeromonas hydrophila was noted in summer, while Salmonella typhi showed high prevalence from May to September and in January. 5) In susceptibility tests of isolated organisms, staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to basic antimicrobial agents except for ampicillin. The glucose non-fermenting microorganisms showed high resistance to basic antimicrobial agents in 32.2%. In conclusion, considering the relatively higher incidence of growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis than ideal level indicates that sampling technique should be improved. Secondly, all the hospital staffs in cooperation with Hospital Infection Committee are desirable to pay efforts to decrease the nosocomial infection.
Acinetobacter ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacteremia ; Burkholderia cepacia ; Cross Infection ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Escherichia coli ; Glucose ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Salmonella paratyphi A ; Salmonella typhi ; Serratia ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Streptococcus

No abstract available.
Skull Base* ; Skull*

The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth and development of tooth germ and dental arch related to the bone growth during the fetal period. From 70 maxillae and 61 mandibles of the fetus aged 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 months, X-ray films were taken and measured. The results were as follows; 1. There was remarkable bone growth in the anterior and posterior area of palatum osseum, that were the interior portion of both deciduous canines anteriorly and the intero-posterior portion of both deciduous second molars posteriorly, where there was active bone growth and radiate formation of bony trabecylae was found. 2. The Growth of anterior tooth germ was greater than that of posterior germ, so anterior tooth germs were crowded. Especially in maxilla, the tooth germa of deciduous lateral incisors were located inside of dental arch and the tooth gerka of decoduous canines were located outside of dental arch. 3. Crowding amount increased with the fetal age because the growth of tooth germs was grdater than that of jow bone. 4. In the growth of upper dental arch, the increase of width was greater than that of length. 5. There was proportional relationship beween the arce of Palatal Trapezoid and the fetal age.
Bone Development ; Crowding ; Dental Arch* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Growth and Development* ; Humans* ; Incisor ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Tooth Germ* ; Tooth* ; X-Ray Film

INTRODUTION: The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor is an important pharmacological target of alcohol. The phamacological characteristics of the receptor are largely determined by its subunit composition. Compared with all other alpha subtypes, the alpha6- containing receptors are more sensitive to GABA and less sensitive to benzodiazepines. The purpose of this study was to address a role for GABAAalpha6 receptor subunit gene in the development of alcohol dependence. The differential manifestation of alcohol withdrawal symptoms related to GABAAalpha6 polymorphism in patients treating with benzodiazepines was also examined. METHODS: Eighty-seven inpatients with alcohol dependence, and sixty healthy controls were evaluated using CIWA-Ar scale. Each patient was genotyped for GABAAalpha6 subunit. Association between GABAAalpha6 polymorphism and severity of withdrawal symptom were determined. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in GABAAalpha6 receptor genetic type and allelic distribution between the alcohol dependent and control subject. Tremor was more severe in CC than TT type. TT type had higher degree of anxiety, agitation and headache than CC type. The GABAAalpha6 C allele increased the average score of tremor significantly, and T allele increased that of agitation. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that GABAAalpha6 genetic polymorphism was not associated with alcohol dependence and with severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. But in benzodiazepine treated patients, GABAAalpha6 polymorphism and allelic type show the difference in severity of each withdrawal symptom. These differences of severity are partly responsible for the unique pharmacological properties associated with the GABAAalpha6 subunit.
Alcoholism ; Alleles ; Anxiety ; Benzodiazepines ; Dihydroergotamine ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Headache ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, GABA ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome* ; Tremor

Non-specific periventricular white matter lucencies on computed tomography(leukoaraiosis) were found in 130(40%) of 324 patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Patients with leukoaraiosis were significantly older than those without it and correlated with hypertension and lacunar infarction but not with cortical infarction. In patients with hemorrhage, leukoaraiosis occurred sinigificantly more often when aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation were not demonstrated. Our fiindings suggest that leukoaraiosis in cerebrovascular disease is associated with small vessel disease.
Aneurysm ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Leukoaraiosis* ; Stroke ; Stroke, Lacunar

Pure red cell aplasia in uncommon disorder characterized by finding of anemia, absence of nucleated red blood cell in the marrow, absence of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood and normal peripheral platelet and leukocytes counts. We experienced one case of pure red cell aplasia associated with hemolytic anemia characterized by hemoglobinuria, reticulocytopenia, and erythroid hypoplasia of the bone marrow. The cause of the illness was not definitely identified, but we concluded that this patient had simultaneous occurrence of PRCA and hemolytic anemia following administration of diphenylhydantoin after craniotomy rather than virus or bacteria induced. The simultaneous occurrence of PRCA and hemolytic anemia in uncommon and the mechanism for diphenylhydantoin induced PRCA and hemolytic anemia is unclear.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Bacteria ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Craniotomy ; Erythrocytes ; Hemoglobinuria ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Phenytoin ; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure* ; Reticulocytes

Multifocal fibrosclerosis, a rare disorder, has no known etiology and is considered to be a systemic illness manifested by combinations of fibrosing process of multiple areas such as mediastinal fibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, orbital pseudotumor, sclerosing cholangitis, and Reidel's thyroiditis. We have experienced a 49-year-old man with pseudotumor of the orbit, sclerosing cholangitis, and CNS involvements included unrecognized meningitis and suspicious CNS vasculitis. The patient showed clinical improvement with corticosteroid therapy.
Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Meningitis ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; Orbital Pseudotumor ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis ; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System

PURPOSE: To determine the value of an anatomic distal radio-ulnar joint ligament reconstruction (Adam's technique) in patients who suffer chronic pain related to distal radio-ulnar joint instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients who suffered from chronic pain related to distal radio-ulnar instability and underwent a reconstruction of the distal radio-ulnar ligament using a free tendon technique were enrolled in this study. The mean follow up period was at least 1 year. In all cases, injury to the distal radio-ulnar joint was present, which had been previously treated with conservatively. There was no evidence of arthritis on the distal radio-ulnar joint radiologically. The radiological radio-ulnar space and displacement of the ulnar head, clinical pain, stability, the range of motion and the grip power were measured before and after surgery (follow up 1 year). RESULTS: No displacement of the distal radio-ulnar joint or prominence of the ulnar head was observed radiologically in 10 cases, and only partial subluxation was present in 2 cases. Clinically, the pain disappeared in 8 cases and the stability of the joint was recovered in 8. The mean pronation, supination range and grip power increased by an average of 73, 71 degrees and 11.7 kg, respectively. CONCLUSION: In treating distal radio-ulnar joint instability related to chronic pain, Adam's technique using palmaris longus, which is an operation using a single incision, and by restoring the distal radio-ulnar ligament anatomically can decrease the level of pain and recover the range of motion. Therefore, it is a good method worth considering in this situation.
Arthritis ; Chronic Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Strength ; Head ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Joints* ; Ligaments ; Pronation ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Supination ; Tendons

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been reported to be a safe and effective method for decreasing pain and relieving range of motion (ROM) limitations caused by neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO), though there has been no report that it might cause hematoma if applied to NHO. We hereby report a case of massive hematoma after ESWT, specifically the radial shockwave therapy (RSWT) device at both hips in a 49-year-old female patient with NHO. She had developed NHO after extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage. We had applied RSWT according to the previous report. The pain and the ROM limitations were gradually improved. Six weeks later, she reported pain and ROM limitations on the right hip. From a medial aspect, swelling and bruising of the right thigh could be seen. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography suggested a large hematoma between right hip adductor muscles. The symptoms disappeared after conservative treatment for one month, and subsequent follow-up imaging studies demonstrated resolution of the hematoma.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma* ; Hip ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Ossification, Heterotopic* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Thigh ; Ultrasonography

This study was performed to investigate the influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on preimplantation development, implantation, and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in mouse embryos. Riverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been used to examine the presence of transcripts. Following reverse transcription, strategically designed nested primers, optimised for specificity, were used for amplification from the cDNA equivalent of a single embryo. The products were then verified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. Eight-cell stage mouse embryos were cultured for 48hrs with EGF at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 ng/ml. Embryos not treated with EGF were served as control. The percentages of embryos which developed to the expanded, hatched blastocyst stage and in vitro implantation at 48hrs were determined. The percentages of fully expanded murine blastocysts at 48hrs in all EGF treated group were not significantly different from the control. The percentages of hatched blastocysts were significantly higher in EGF treatment group at 0.1ng/ml (90.7%), 10 ng/ml (89.3%) compared to the control (82.1%; p < 0.05, p < 0.05). The percentages of implanted blastocyst in vitro were significantly higher following incubation with EGF at concentrations of O.lng/ml (38.1%; p < 0.05), 1.0ng/ml (33.3%; p < 0.05), 10ng/ml (22.2%; p < 0.05) compared to the control (10.7%). Embryo development and implantation in vitro were not significantly inhibited or enhanced in cultures supplemented with 100ng/ml EGF compared to the control. The mRNA concentration of EGFR in embryos treated with 0.1ng/ml of EGF were significantly higher than those of the control and other EGF treatment groups. The implantation rate and mRNA concentration of EGFR in embryos treated with 0.1ng/ml of EGF group were significantly higher than those of other treatd groups. In conclusion, EGF may have a stimulatory role in embryonic development, implantation and expression of EGFR in embryo itself with concentration-specific manner. These results suggest that EGF may act directly on the mouse embryo and favor its implantaion, irtespective of the presence ar absence of the endometrium.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Digestion ; DNA, Complementary ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endometrium ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Female ; Mice* ; Pregnancy ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Reverse Transcription ; Rivers ; RNA, Messenger ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis