BACKGROUND: Obesity is linked to a wide range of respiratory diseases. Several studies have shown that body weight at baseline and weight change were related to pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between change in body mass index (BMI) and pulmonary function in adults. METHODS: Of those aged 40-64 years at baseline who had initially visited the health promotion center at one university-level hospital from January 2000 to December 2002, 499 (men: 309, women: 190) patients revisited the center over a 5-year period up to December 2009 and were enrolled in the study. Subjects were classified into 4 groups- group 1: normal-normal, group 2: normal-obese, group 3: obese-normal, and group 4: obese-obese, based on their BMI at baseline and follow-up. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC were measured by spirometry. RESULTS: Change in FEV1/FVC was significantly associated with change in BMI for men in all 4 groups. Change in FEV1/FVC was significantly different between group 1 and 3 and between group 1 and 4. Changes in FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were significantly associated with change in BMI for women in all 4 groups. Change in FEV1 was significantly different between group 3 and 4, and change in FVC was significantly different between group 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a change in BMI is negatively associated with change in pulmonary function. Obesity itself can be a risk factor for pulmonary dysfunction, and a decrease in BMI through weight reduction could reduce pulmonary dysfunction or improve pulmonary function in adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Vital Capacity ; Weight Loss

For correction of myopia, we had performed 247 cases of 8-incision radial keratotomy from July 1986 to Dec. 1987. Among them, we experienced one case of complicated cataract in 23 year old man. During the surgery, there were no surgical complications, including microperforation. Postoperative uncorrected V.A. was 0.9 at 1 day after surgery. At 2 days after surgery, V.A. decreased abruptly, and corneal edema, hypotony, severe iritis were noted. Although corneal edema and iritis were improved 10 days later, decreased V.A. and hypotony persisted. Posterior synechia, iris atrophy and posterior subcapsular cataract could be seen on follow-up examination. An intumescent cataract developed about 6 weeks after the surgery. Successful extracapsular cataract extraction was done about 11 months after the original radial keratotomy. Postoperative corrected V.A. was excellent.
Atrophy ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Corneal Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iris ; Iritis ; Keratotomy, Radial* ; Myopia ; Young Adult

Many kinds of different treatment options for fecal incontinence such as biofeedback therapy, anterior or posterior sphincteroplasty, pelvic floor repair, gracilis or gluteus muscle transposition have been introduced. However, appropriate indications for these treatment options have not yet been delineated up to now. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to access the preoperative severity of fecal incontinence by physiologic tests to give an idea that indications of appropriate selection criteria and parameters for assess the outcome could be simultaneously considered by preoperatively objective physiologic data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 3, 1997 to, August 1, 1997 all patients with fecal incontinence who visited colorectal clinic in the Department of Surgery, Korea Veterans Hospital, were classified into two groups according to the severity of fecal incontinence (0~20): Group I (1~9), Group II (10~20) and compared them with the results of physiologic tests: anorectal manometry, endorectal ultrasound (ERU), cinedefecography, and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML). Statistical analysis was performed by Student's-t test, and Chi-square test and p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The number of GI was 25, and GII was 22. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of age (GI: 57.7+/-14.5, GII: 61.4+/-14.0years), gender (male: female, 19:6, 16:6), cause (neurogenic; 11/25 (GI),7/22(GII), postanal surgery; 6/25,6/22) obstetric trauma (2/25, 2/22), anal trauma (1/25, 1/22) diabetes melitus (1/25, 2/22), rectal prolapse (2/25, 1/22), and others (2/25, 3/22), duration of fecal incontinence (64.4+/-82.2, 48.7+/-65.3 months), high pressure zone (3.3+/-1.7, 3.5+/-1.4 cm), mean resting pressure (50.5+/-27.0, 51.9+/-18.7 cm H2O), maximal resting pressure (88.4+/-50.6, 89.4+/-41.8 cm), maximal squeezing pressure (150.6+/-71.0, 129.7+/-59.5 cm H2O), rectoanal inhibitatory reflex (13/21, 8/21 positive), sensitivity (37.5+/-15.2, 41.8+/-29.0 cc), compliance (19.0+/-14.5, 21.4+/-39.4 cc/cm H2O) in anorectal manometric findings, anal sphincter defect (13/21, 15/22 positive), size of defect (60+/-26.30degrees, 71 +/-30.8degrees/360degrees), thickness of the external anal sphincter (3.46+/-0.78, 3.84 +/-1.02 cm), thickness of internal anal sphincter (1.58+/-0.79, 1.74+/-0.81 cm) in ERU, anorectal angle in rest (85.2+/-28.0degrees, 97+/-22.9degrees), squeeze (72+/-27.1degrees, 82 +/-19.7degrees), push (100+/-43.9degrees, 117.9+/-34.5degrees), length of perineal descent in rest (3.7+/-1.2, 3.6+/-1.7 cm), squeeze (2.9+/-1.5, 2.7+/-1.5 cm), push (7.9+/-3.5, 6.6+/-2.6 cm) in cinedefecography. However, rectal capacity in manometry (212.5+/-99.9, 155+/-51.5 cc, p<0.05), right PNTML (1.73+/-0.39, 2.71+/-0.83 ms, p<0.001), and left PNTML (1.83+/-0.43, 2.94+/-0.80 ms, p<0.001) were significantly increased in GII compare to those of GI. CONCLUSION: As the severity of fecal incontinence was increased, rectal capacity, right and, left PNTML were increased.
Anal Canal ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; Compliance ; Fecal Incontinence* ; Female ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Korea ; Manometry ; Patient Selection ; Pelvic Floor ; Pudendal Nerve ; Rectal Prolapse ; Reflex ; Ultrasonography

The incidence of inadvertent posterior capsular rupture at each stage of planned ECCE and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was studied. From June 1985 to Dec. 1986, 133 cases of planned ECCE for posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were performed. Posterior capsular rupture with or without vitreous loss was developed in 11 cases(8.2%) out of 133. The rupture occurred during nuclear expression in 2 cases(1.5%), during cortical clean-up in 6 cases(4.5%), during remval removal of anterior capsular flaps in 2 cases(1.5%), during posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in 1 case(0.7%), but during posterior capsule polishing in nocase(0%). Vitreous loss was combined with posterior capsular rupture in 6 cases(4.5%), but the other 5 cases were not associated with vitreous loss(3.7%). After management of vitreous loss by automated anterior vitrectomy in 10 cases, anterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted. But in the other 1 cases with mid posterior capsular rupture without vitreous loss, anterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted without anterior vitrectomy. A final visual acuity of 0.5 or better by 2 months postoperatively was observed in 10 cases out of 11(91%).
Anterior Chamber ; Incidence ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Rupture* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

A 52-year-old man was taken to the emergency room following a motor vehicle accident. An echocardiogram showed moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation due to rupture of the anterior chordae. An operation to repair the traumatic tricuspid regurgitation was recommended; however, the patient refused because he was asymptomatic. Two years later, he developed mild generalized edema and dyspnea. The echocardiogram revealed progressive severe tricuspid regurgitation and annular dilatation. We treated the posttraumatic tricuspid regurgitation successfully using artificial chordae and ring annuloplasty.
Dilatation ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Motor Vehicles ; Rupture ; Tricuspid Valve ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst*

The operation methods for consecutive esotropia were various according to operators and the standard criteria for the amount of procedure was absent. We investigated the results of 7 patients who underwent advancement of the lateral rectus muscle for consecutive esotropia to estimate the corrected prism diopters per 1mm deviation of the lateral rectus muscle(delta/mm). The mean corrected amount of deviation was 2.01 delta/mm in 370 patients who underwent bilateral rectus muscles recession and 3.89 delta/mm in 7 patients who were brought about consecutive esotropia after recession of bilateral rectus muscles. There was a statistically significant difference between them(P<0.01). But the value of rectus muscles recession and advancement of the lateral rectus muscle in 7 patients of consecutive esotropia were: 3.89 delta/mm and 4.25 delta/mm respectively. There was a no statistically significant difference between them(P>0.05). This result suggests that we should adjust the amount of advancement of the lateral rectus muscle according to the effect of corrected amount by the recession of lateral rectus muscle of the previous surgery.
Esotropia* ; Humans ; Muscles

No abstract available.
Lymphoma* ; Trachea*

Double elevator paralysis is a syndrome in which the superior rectus and the inferior oblique muscle of the same eye are paralyzed. The authors have experienced a case of double elevator paralysis with 35 prism diopters hypotropia and 20 prism diopters exotropia on the right eye. The patient was 19 years old female who visited our hospital because of poor cosmetic appearance. Knapp procedure was performed primarily to correct hypotropia, but 20 prism diopters hypotropia remained. 5 months later, a second operation was performed consisted of 7.5 mm recession of the left lateral rectus and 5mm recession of the right inferior rectus in order to correct the exotropia and residual hypotropia. After the second operation, ocular position in primary position was nearly orthophoric and upward movement of the right eye was considerably improved.
Elevators and Escalators* ; Exotropia ; Female ; Humans ; Paralysis* ; Young Adult

In order to correct a maxillofacial-skeletal disharmony successfully and achieve a favorable facial profile, orthodontic treatment must begin at pubertal growth spurt. Therefore predicting the pubertal growth pattern and evaluating the growth potential is very important For an orthodontist, estimating skeletal maturity in relation to one's personal growth spurt is essential and it must be considered into the treatment. The objective of this study was to find out whether there was a difference in menacheal age among different malocclusion groups and to evaluate the skeletal maturity at menarche. The subjects were 64 Class I malocclusion patients, 51 Class 1I patients and 38 Class III patients. Skeletal maturity was estimated from handwrist radiographs of these patients. Handwrist radiographs were taken between 3 months before and after the menarche. The results were as follows. 1. The mean chronologic age of menarche was 12.50+/-1.01 years. 2. For the Class I malocclusion group the mean age cf menarche was 12.36+/-1.04 years, for Class II 12.81+/-1,03 years and for Class III 12.32+/-0.82 years. According to these results Class II malocclusion patients started mensturation later than Class I and. Class III malocclusion patients. 3. No difference was found considering the skeletal maturity at menarche among the malocclusion groups. 4. The skeletal maturity index at menarche was SMI 7 for 45.10%, SMI 8 for 27.25%, SW 9 for 10.46%, SMI 6 for 7.84%, SMI 10 for 7.84% and SMI 5 for 1.31% patients. 5. Statistically there was a significant correlation between skeletal maturity estimated by handwrist radiographs and menacheal age( P<0.05, r-0.25430).
Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Menarche*