No abstract available.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Facial Asymmetry*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Facial Asymmetry*

Purpose: : This study aimed to identify post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout experienced by healthcare providers who cared for patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their influencing factors. Methods: : Data were collected from 135 healthcare providers who cared for patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary general hospital from June 8 to September 2, 2021, using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe’s test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were used for analysis using SPSS/WIN 27.0. Results: : Participants’ average PTSD score was 9.31 ± 11.80, and 8.9% were in the high-risk group. Participants’ average burnout score was 51.77±21.28, and 62.2% were at high risk. PTSD scores differed significantly according to participants’ age, education, job, position, and current workplace. Burnout scores differed significantly according to their age, gender, marital status, parental status, and education. There was positive correlation between participants’ PTSD and burnout. The factors influencing participants’ PTSD were term of self-isolation and age (R2=.09). There were no significant influencing factors on participants’ burnout. Conclusion : This study reconfirmed that healthcare providers who cared for patients with COVID-19 experienced both PTSD and burnout, suggesting that interventions are needed such as regular pre-training or simulation training and establishing a support system.

OBJECTIVES: Decreased pain sensitivity to the external stimuli was sought by measuring the pressure pain thresholds in patients with schizophrenia. In the case of the pain insensitivity(PI) being confirmed, the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and PI was to evaluated. METHODS: 21 schizophrenic and 23 healthy controls were enrolled. Pressure pain thresholds(PPT) were measured by pressure algometer on initial and recovered phase, and positive and negative symptoms by PANSS(Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale)(Stanley et al. 1991) were obtained in patient group. The confounding factor induced by antipsychotics to the PPT was controlled for. Comparisons of PPT between two groups, and correlations of PPT and psychiatric symptoms in patient group were tested. RESULTS: 1) Schizophrenic patients with active psychotic symptoms showed higher PPT compared to healthy controls. 2) When psychiatric symptoms were improved, PPT was decreased to the level of healthy controls. 3) Only the subscale of delusion in PANSS was closely correlated with PPT in patients with schizophrenia. 4) The dose of antipsychotics did not influence the PPT of the patient group. CONCLUSIONS: A part of patients with schizophrenia revealed they had higher pressure pain thresholds, which suggested PI in active symptom phase. However, PPT were restored almost to the level of normal controls when psychotic symptoms were improved. Thus, PI seemed to be a transient phenomenon rather than a persistent one. Changes of pain sensitivity to the external stimuli in schizophrenics would be associated with severity of delusion based upon reversible changes of brain function. Decreased attention due to delusion or lack of motivation seemed to be causal factors of PI. Clinicians should give attention to PI in schizophrenic patients to prevent physical illness and serious injuries in them.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain ; Delusions ; Humans ; Motivation ; Pain Threshold* ; Schizophrenia*

PURPOSE: Object of present study is to identify the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonis (GnRHa) treatment on final adult height in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) children with central precocious puberty. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted of all CAH patients seen between 1977 and 2004, in pediatric endocrinology department, Seoul National University Hospital. All patients treated with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid toward to CAH. Treatment group (SW7, SV12) received GnRHa or associated with growth hormone (GH) when they had pubertal changes; breast development before 8 years in girls, testis enlargement (>4 mL) before 9 years in boys and pubertal response in GnRH stimulation test. GnRHa treatment was continued from 1 year to 7.5 years (mean=3.6 yr) while they continued glucocorticoid therapy. We evaluated them every 6 month or yearly until reached final adult height (FH). We compared FH SDS between treatment group and control group. Also final adult height in treatment group compared with pretreatment predicted adult height (By Bayley-Pinneau method). Each group was subdivided into salt wasting group (SW) and simple virilizing group (SV). RESULTS: Treatment group (SW 7, SV 12) was included 19 patients with CAH and control group (SW 6 SV 7) was belonged 13 patients. In treatment group, predicted adult heights are 148.5+/-8.8 cm (-2.8+/-0.8SDS) in SW, 149.8+/-6.7 cm (-2.8+/-1.1SDS) in SV and midparental heights are 165.9 7.7 cm (0.4+/-0.5SDS), 163.3+/-p9.0 cm (-1.40+/-0.8SDS), respectively. Final adult heights are 158.87.4 cm(-0.9+/-1.2SDS) in SW and 156.7+/-7.4 cm (-1.5+/-1.2SDS) in SV. In control group, pretreatment predicted adult height and midparental heights were 154.8+/-12.0 cm (-2.1+/-0.6SDS) in SW, 149.9+/-6.3 cm (-2.3+/-0.7SDS) in SV and 159.8+/-7.2 cm (-1.2+/-0.5SDS) in SW, 158.6+/-5.1 cm (-0.6+/-0.8SDS) in SV. Final heights are 154.4+/-5.3 cm (-2.1+/-0.6SDS) in SW and 153.6+/-4.1 cm (-1.5+/-0.8SDS) in SV. There was no significant difference in comparison of FH between control group and treatment group (By Mann-Whitney test, SW P=0.063, SV P=0.663). But it was significant in comparison predicted adult height and final adult height in treatment group (By Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test P=0.043 in SW, P=0.008 in SV). CONCLUSION: In CAH children with precocious puberty, treatment with GnRH agonist alone treatment is effective to improve final adult height. But the effectiveness is limited. So GH or GnRHa combined with GH therapy is more attempted.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Adult ; Breast ; Child* ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Testis

PURPOSE: This study was to prepare the basic data for prevention of colo-rectal cancer and protection against its spread. METHOD: The subjects for the study were 204 patients with colo-rectal cancer from the G.S. wards of five general hospitals in Busan for the period of June 1 to September 1, 2001. The instrument used was a questionaire which was developed by Junho Shin(1995). The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, McNemar test, x2 test, paired t-test, and ANOVA. RESULT: 1. 57% of the studied subjects were male, 42.7% were more than 60 years old, 54.9% were of standard physique, 49.5% were the Buddhists, 50.5% were the middle or high school graduates, 83.8% were city dwellers, 48% were jobless, 69.6% had no-history of alimentary disease, 44.1% had no-family history of cancer, 82.8% were married. 2. Constipation(x2=36.45, p=0.0001) in clients showed a significant positive association for the pre- diagnosed, but diarrhea(x2=3.947, p=0.047) showed a significant positive association for the post-diagnosed. The preference for high seasonings(t=6.23, p=0.0001) and animal fat (t=8.35, p=0.0001) was higher significantly in the pre-diagnosed, but physical activities(x2= 30.22, p=0.0001), an eutrophic or tonic medicine(x2=30.22, p=0.0001), was of and vegetables(t=-6.20, p=0.0001) was higher significantly in the post-diagnosed. 3. There were significant differences in the life style of the pre-diagnosed according to the general characteristics except religion. CONCLUSION: Results of the above study reveal we should be very sensitive to the change of defecation styles and consider the necessity of improving life styles as regards eating habits. When an education program is developed, the general characteristics of the subjects need to be considered.
Animals ; Busan ; Defecation ; Eating ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Male ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in children from low-income families in Gunpo and to evaluate whether economic status affects the prevalence of obesity. METHODS: Between October 2007 and March 2008 , 341 children (167 girls and 174 boys; age, 6 to 13 years) were enrolled in this study. All these children came from families who earned minimum wages and who were supported by government. We measured height, weight, and blood pressure and performed laboratory examinations, including total cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using weight and height. We compared the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in children from low-income families with the prevalence of these maladies found in other studies. RESULTS: Prevalence of obesity (BMI> or =95th) was 7.1%. Prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 8.2% and 16.7%, respectively. In the obese group, prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 25.0% and 45.8%, respectively. Obesity and hyperlipidemia were slightly more frequent in our study than those found in other reports, and the prevalence of hypertension in the obese group was very high compared with statistics from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (25% vs. 19.5%) and those from other reports. CONCLUSION: Low-income status was associated with an increased incidence of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Hypertension showed an especially strong association with economic status, which seemed to correlate with genetic, environmental, and dietary effects.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Lipoproteins ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Porphyrins ; Prevalence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the health behaviors by a risk level of metabolic syndrome (MS) among petty merchants in traditional markets. METHODS: The data were collected through questionnaires and physical examination on abdominal circumstance, triglyceride, HDL, blood pressure, and FBS of 177 subjects in S city, Korea. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi2-test (or fisher's exact test) and ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 15.8%, and risk group was 72.9%. The abdominal circumstance and triglyceride levels were higher in MS group than those of the risk group and normal group. The HDL and systolic blood pressure levels were also higher in MS group than those of the normal group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MS and risk groups was high among petty merchants in traditional markets. However, these merchants did not practice health behaviors nor take institutional health management benefit. Therefore, governmental level community based health management services are requested for them.
Blood Pressure ; Health Behavior ; Korea ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Discrete radiofrequency lesion at the atrial insertion site of the tendon of Todaro in the perfused rabbit preparation lengthens A-H interval, mimicking fast pathway input ablation. This study attempts to define the cellular electrophysiology of the ablation region prior to and after the elimination of fast AV node conduction. In six superfused rabbit AV node preparations, the cellular electrophysiology around the region of the atrial insertion to the tendon of Todaro was recorded using standard microelectrode technique prior to and after ablation. Before ablation, the action potentials recorded in the area of proposed lesion were exclusively from atrial or AN cells. At postablation, the superior margin of the lesion was populated with atrial or AN cells. AN, N, or NH cells bordered the lower part of the lesion. Electrophysiology of surviving cells at the edges of the lesion showed no significant changes in their Vmax, APD50 or APD90 and MDP from preablation values. Fast AV node pathway input ablation in the rabbit heart can be accomplished with a singular lesion around the atrial insertion site of the tendon of Todaro, involving atrial or AN cells. The results of the studies imply that inputs to the compact node may act as a substrate for successful ablation of AV node reentry tachycardia.
Action Potentials/physiology ; Animal ; Atrioventricular Node/surgery* ; Atrioventricular Node/physiology ; Atrioventricular Node/cytology* ; Catheter Ablation/methods* ; Electrophysiology ; Rabbits ; Recovery of Function ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular/surgery ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular/physiopathology