No abstract available.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Facial Asymmetry*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Facial Asymmetry*

Purpose: : This study aimed to identify post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout experienced by healthcare providers who cared for patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their influencing factors. Methods: : Data were collected from 135 healthcare providers who cared for patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary general hospital from June 8 to September 2, 2021, using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe’s test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were used for analysis using SPSS/WIN 27.0. Results: : Participants’ average PTSD score was 9.31 ± 11.80, and 8.9% were in the high-risk group. Participants’ average burnout score was 51.77±21.28, and 62.2% were at high risk. PTSD scores differed significantly according to participants’ age, education, job, position, and current workplace. Burnout scores differed significantly according to their age, gender, marital status, parental status, and education. There was positive correlation between participants’ PTSD and burnout. The factors influencing participants’ PTSD were term of self-isolation and age (R2=.09). There were no significant influencing factors on participants’ burnout. Conclusion : This study reconfirmed that healthcare providers who cared for patients with COVID-19 experienced both PTSD and burnout, suggesting that interventions are needed such as regular pre-training or simulation training and establishing a support system.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the health behaviors by a risk level of metabolic syndrome (MS) among petty merchants in traditional markets. METHODS: The data were collected through questionnaires and physical examination on abdominal circumstance, triglyceride, HDL, blood pressure, and FBS of 177 subjects in S city, Korea. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi2-test (or fisher's exact test) and ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 15.8%, and risk group was 72.9%. The abdominal circumstance and triglyceride levels were higher in MS group than those of the risk group and normal group. The HDL and systolic blood pressure levels were also higher in MS group than those of the normal group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MS and risk groups was high among petty merchants in traditional markets. However, these merchants did not practice health behaviors nor take institutional health management benefit. Therefore, governmental level community based health management services are requested for them.
Blood Pressure ; Health Behavior ; Korea ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Object of present study is to identify the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonis (GnRHa) treatment on final adult height in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) children with central precocious puberty. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted of all CAH patients seen between 1977 and 2004, in pediatric endocrinology department, Seoul National University Hospital. All patients treated with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid toward to CAH. Treatment group (SW7, SV12) received GnRHa or associated with growth hormone (GH) when they had pubertal changes; breast development before 8 years in girls, testis enlargement (>4 mL) before 9 years in boys and pubertal response in GnRH stimulation test. GnRHa treatment was continued from 1 year to 7.5 years (mean=3.6 yr) while they continued glucocorticoid therapy. We evaluated them every 6 month or yearly until reached final adult height (FH). We compared FH SDS between treatment group and control group. Also final adult height in treatment group compared with pretreatment predicted adult height (By Bayley-Pinneau method). Each group was subdivided into salt wasting group (SW) and simple virilizing group (SV). RESULTS: Treatment group (SW 7, SV 12) was included 19 patients with CAH and control group (SW 6 SV 7) was belonged 13 patients. In treatment group, predicted adult heights are 148.5+/-8.8 cm (-2.8+/-0.8SDS) in SW, 149.8+/-6.7 cm (-2.8+/-1.1SDS) in SV and midparental heights are 165.9 7.7 cm (0.4+/-0.5SDS), 163.3+/-p9.0 cm (-1.40+/-0.8SDS), respectively. Final adult heights are 158.87.4 cm(-0.9+/-1.2SDS) in SW and 156.7+/-7.4 cm (-1.5+/-1.2SDS) in SV. In control group, pretreatment predicted adult height and midparental heights were 154.8+/-12.0 cm (-2.1+/-0.6SDS) in SW, 149.9+/-6.3 cm (-2.3+/-0.7SDS) in SV and 159.8+/-7.2 cm (-1.2+/-0.5SDS) in SW, 158.6+/-5.1 cm (-0.6+/-0.8SDS) in SV. Final heights are 154.4+/-5.3 cm (-2.1+/-0.6SDS) in SW and 153.6+/-4.1 cm (-1.5+/-0.8SDS) in SV. There was no significant difference in comparison of FH between control group and treatment group (By Mann-Whitney test, SW P=0.063, SV P=0.663). But it was significant in comparison predicted adult height and final adult height in treatment group (By Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test P=0.043 in SW, P=0.008 in SV). CONCLUSION: In CAH children with precocious puberty, treatment with GnRH agonist alone treatment is effective to improve final adult height. But the effectiveness is limited. So GH or GnRHa combined with GH therapy is more attempted.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Adult ; Breast ; Child* ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Testis

Discrete radiofrequency lesion at the atrial insertion site of the tendon of Todaro in the perfused rabbit preparation lengthens A-H interval, mimicking fast pathway input ablation. This study attempts to define the cellular electrophysiology of the ablation region prior to and after the elimination of fast AV node conduction. In six superfused rabbit AV node preparations, the cellular electrophysiology around the region of the atrial insertion to the tendon of Todaro was recorded using standard microelectrode technique prior to and after ablation. Before ablation, the action potentials recorded in the area of proposed lesion were exclusively from atrial or AN cells. At postablation, the superior margin of the lesion was populated with atrial or AN cells. AN, N, or NH cells bordered the lower part of the lesion. Electrophysiology of surviving cells at the edges of the lesion showed no significant changes in their Vmax, APD50 or APD90 and MDP from preablation values. Fast AV node pathway input ablation in the rabbit heart can be accomplished with a singular lesion around the atrial insertion site of the tendon of Todaro, involving atrial or AN cells. The results of the studies imply that inputs to the compact node may act as a substrate for successful ablation of AV node reentry tachycardia.
Action Potentials/physiology ; Animal ; Atrioventricular Node/surgery* ; Atrioventricular Node/physiology ; Atrioventricular Node/cytology* ; Catheter Ablation/methods* ; Electrophysiology ; Rabbits ; Recovery of Function ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular/surgery ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular/physiopathology

OBJECTIVES: Decreased pain sensitivity to the external stimuli was sought by measuring the pressure pain thresholds in patients with schizophrenia. In the case of the pain insensitivity(PI) being confirmed, the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and PI was to evaluated. METHODS: 21 schizophrenic and 23 healthy controls were enrolled. Pressure pain thresholds(PPT) were measured by pressure algometer on initial and recovered phase, and positive and negative symptoms by PANSS(Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale)(Stanley et al. 1991) were obtained in patient group. The confounding factor induced by antipsychotics to the PPT was controlled for. Comparisons of PPT between two groups, and correlations of PPT and psychiatric symptoms in patient group were tested. RESULTS: 1) Schizophrenic patients with active psychotic symptoms showed higher PPT compared to healthy controls. 2) When psychiatric symptoms were improved, PPT was decreased to the level of healthy controls. 3) Only the subscale of delusion in PANSS was closely correlated with PPT in patients with schizophrenia. 4) The dose of antipsychotics did not influence the PPT of the patient group. CONCLUSIONS: A part of patients with schizophrenia revealed they had higher pressure pain thresholds, which suggested PI in active symptom phase. However, PPT were restored almost to the level of normal controls when psychotic symptoms were improved. Thus, PI seemed to be a transient phenomenon rather than a persistent one. Changes of pain sensitivity to the external stimuli in schizophrenics would be associated with severity of delusion based upon reversible changes of brain function. Decreased attention due to delusion or lack of motivation seemed to be causal factors of PI. Clinicians should give attention to PI in schizophrenic patients to prevent physical illness and serious injuries in them.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain ; Delusions ; Humans ; Motivation ; Pain Threshold* ; Schizophrenia*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a home based exercise program for patients with stomach cancer who were undergoing oral chemotherapy. METHODS: The home-based exercise program was developed from the study findings of Winningham (1990) and data from the Korea Athletic Promotion Association (2007). The home-based exercise program consisted of 8 weeks of individual exercise education and exercise adherence strategy. Participants were 24 patients with stomach cancer who were undergoing oral chemotherapy following surgery in 2007 or 2008 at a university hospital in Seoul. Patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (11) or control group (13). The effects of the home-based exercise program were measured by level of cancer related fatigue, NK cell ratio, anxiety, and quality of life. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 13.0 version. RESULTS: The degree of cancer related fatigue and anxiety in the experimental group decreased compared to the control group. The NK cell ratio and the degree of quality of life of experimental group increased while that of the control group decreased. CONCLUSION: This study result indicate the importance of exercise and provide empirical evidence for continuation of safe exercise for patients with cancer during their chemotherapy.
Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Anxiety ; *Exercise Therapy ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Program Evaluation ; Quality of Life ; Stomach Neoplasms/*drug therapy/surgery ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify degrees of fatigue and influencing factors for fatigue in cancer patients. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 115 cancer patients at 3 hospitals in Seoul. The research instruments utilized in this study were fatigue, physical symptoms, depression, family support, and health promoting behaviors. Data was analyzed using the pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULT: The mean score of fatigue for cancer patients was 12.90(range: 6-36). Fatigue for cancer patients according to age group and weight change showed a significant difference. Fatigue for cancer patients showed a significantly positive correlation to physical symptoms and depression. There was a negative correlation between family support and health promoting behaviors. The significant factors influencing fatigue for cancer patients were physical symptoms, health promoting behaviors, depression, and age group, which explained about 45.9%. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that symptoms and depression management, nursing interventions and practices for providing health promoting behaviors according to age are needed to manage the fatigue in cancer patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Analysis of Variance ; Attitude to Health ; Demography ; Fatigue/*etiology ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Nursing ; Neoplasms/*complications/nursing ; Questionnaires