No abstract available.
Dental Porcelain*

The success of porcelain laminate veneer depends on the bond strength between tooth structure and ceramic restoration and the design of tooth preparation. In particular, incisal coverage and incisal finish line are the two most important factors in long-term fracture resistance. Although the majority of clinicians are practicing incisal coverage and there are various opinions on the geometrical ratio between the clinical crown length of the remaining tooth structure and the length of incisal extension in porcelain laminate veneer and the optimal incisal finish lines, scientific evidence still leaves much to be desired. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the amounts of incisal coverage and the types of incisal finish line on th stress distribution in maxillary anterior porcelain laminate veneers under two different loading conditions. Three-dimensional finite element models of a maxillary anterior porcelain veneer with different amounts of incisal coverage ; 0, 1, 2, and 3mm and different incisal finish lines ; feathered edge, incisal bevel, reverse bevel and lingual chamfer with various amounts of lingual extension were developed. 300N force was applied at the point 0.5mm cervical of the linguoincisal edge in two loading conditions ; A) 125 degrees, B) 132 degrees. tensile and compressive stress in ceramic and shear stress in the resin cement layer wee analyzed using three-dimensional finite element method. The results were as follows : 1. The types of incisal finish line had more influence on the stress distribution in porcelain laminate veneer than the amounts of incisal coverage. 2. In case of no incisal coverage, incisal beveled laminate exhibited more evenly distributed tensile stress than feathered edged laminate. And in case of incisal coverage, reverse beveled laminate and lingual chamfered laminate with 1mm lingual extension exhibited more evenly distributed tensile stress than lingual chamfered laminates with 2 mm and 3mm lingual extension. 3. As long as the lingual chamfer goes, less tensile stress was found at the incisal edge, while much more tensile stress was found at the lingual margin area in proportion to length of lingual extension. 4. Under 125 degree load, tensile stress in porcelain laminate veneer had increased compared with that under 132 degree load and the difference exhibited by the change of the amount of tooth support was larger. 5. The types of incisal finish line and the distance from the incisal finish line to the loading point had more influence on the shear stress distribution in the resin cement layer than the amount of incisal coverage. In contrast loading condition had little influence.
Animals ; Ceramics ; Crowns ; Dental Porcelain* ; Feathers ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Resin Cements ; Tooth ; Tooth Preparation

Purpose: Proteinuria is a clinical sign of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including stroke. We aimed to assess the relationship between proteinuria and the occurrence of cerebral infarction. Materials and Methods: In total, 208854 Koreans who participated in the 2009 medical examination were followed up until 2013 using the database of the National Health Insurance Service. The results of urine dipstick tests were utilized to assess proteinuria as absent, 1+, 2+, or ≥3+. The International Classification of Diseases code 163 was used to document cerebral infarction. Results: Between 2009 and 2013, 2383 cases (1.14%) of cerebral infarction occurred during 912772.9 person-years of follow-up. Hazard ratios for incident cerebral infarction increased with inceasing amounts of urine protein from 1.53 (1.23–1.90) in group 2 (1+), 1.67 (1.22–2.28) in group 3 (2+), and 2.66 (1.79–3.96) in group 4 (≥3+), compared to the reference group with little to no detectable urine protein (p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion An increase in urine protein levels was significantly related to the risk of developing cerebral infarction. Our results suggest that proteinuria might be a potential risk factor for cerebral infarction and that urine dipstick test analysis may be clinically useful for predicting stroke.

Cowden's syndrome is a harmatomatous polyposis syndrome with characteristic mucocutaneous lesions and among the spectra of clinical disorders that has been attributed to germline mutations in the PTEN gene. Although Cowden's syndrome has rarely been reported, immunologic studies have revealed that patients with this syndrome have humoral and/or cellular immune abnormalities. We recently identified a 21-year-old woman with Cowden's syndrome who was diagnosed with candida esophagitis without a history of diabetes, carcinoma, or steroid therapy. We report the immunologic status of this patient and the relationship with candida esophagitis on the basis of a literature review.
Candida ; Esophagitis ; Female ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple ; Humans ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: Elevated serum uric acid (UA) has been known to be associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no prospective studies have examined whether serum UA levels are actually associated with the development of MetS. We performed a prospective study to evaluate the longitudinal effects of baseline serum UA levels on the development of MetS. METHODS: A MetS-free cohort of 14 906 healthy Korean men, who participated in a medical check-up program in 2005, was followed until 2010. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention. Cox proportional hazards models were performed. RESULTS: During 52 466.1 person-years of follow-up, 2428 incident cases of MetS developed between 2006 and 2010. After adjusting for multiple covariates, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident MetS for the second, the third, and the fourth quartile to the first quartile of serum UA levels were 1.09 (0.92-1.29), 1.22 (1.04-1.44), and 1.48 (1.26-1.73), respectively (p for trend <0.001). These associations were also significant in the clinically relevant subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum UA levels were independently associated with future development of MetS in Korean men during the 5-year follow-up period.
Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*blood/*epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid/*blood

PURPOSE: We have examined the expression of c-erbB-2 oncogene in sera and tissues of non-small cell lung cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum levels of c-erbB-2 protein were measured by an enzyme im munoassay in 55 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Sera from patients with surgical therapy were evaluated again after surgery. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 47 of these tumors. RESULTS: Elevated levels (> or =45 U/mL, control mean 2SD) were observed in 15% of 55 non-small cell lung cancer patients, as compared with none of control subjects (p<0.05). The incidence of elevated level was higher in the adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma (22% vs 4%, p<0.01). The serum levels of c-erbB-2 protein decreased significantly after surgical tumor ablation (p<0.01). Tissue overexpression was obtained in 23/47 cases (49%). The incidence of c-erbB-2 overexpression was higher in the adenocarcinoma (73% vs 29%, p<0.005). No relationship was found between c-erbB-2 protein expression in serum and tumor tissue and clinicopathologic feature. Elevated serum c-erbB-2 levels predicted tissue overexpression with sensitivity 30% and specificity 96%. There was relationship between serum level and expression in tumor tissue of c-erbB-2 protein. CONCLUSION: Serum and tissue levels of c-erbB-2 correlate in patients with non-small cell carcinoma. Serum c-erbB-2 protein may be a useful indicator of tumor burden in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oncogenes ; Receptor, erbB-2* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tumor Burden

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease by Trichomonas vaginalis infection that may be associated with preterm delivery and low birth weight in the newborn infants. T. vaginalis may be transmitted to neonates during passage through an infected birth canal and neonatal infection is usually self-limiting course, but rare cases of symptomatic neonatal infection such as vaginitis, urinary tract infection and respiratory infection have been reported. We experienced a case of symptomatic neonatal trichomoniasis which was confirmed by wet mount examination of vaginal discharge and urine specimens in premature baby with intrauterine growth retardation. The patient had complete resolution of symptoms such as vaginal discharge and pyuria after treatment with ornidazole (tiberalR). We report this case with a brief review of the related literatures.
Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Ornidazole ; Parturition ; Pyuria ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Trichomonas vaginalis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vaginal Discharge ; Vaginitis

There have been many studies between serum uric acid (UA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, as far as we know, little research has been done to examine the prospective association between serum UA and development of CKD in Korean men. This prospective cohort study was performed using 18,778 men who participated in a health checkup program both on January, 2005 and on December, 2009. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. The odds ratio (OR) from binary logistic regressions for the development of CKD was determined with respect to the quintiles grouping based on serum UA. During 74,821.4 person-years of follow-up, 110 men were found to develop CKD. The OR for the development of CKD increased as the quintiles for baseline serum UA levels increased from the first to fifth quintiles (1.00 vs 1.22, 1.19, 2.59, and 3.03, respectively, p for linear trend < 0.001) after adjusting for covariates. The adjusted OR comparing those participants with hyperuricemia ( > or = 7.0 mg/dL) to those with normouricemia ( < 7.0 mg/dL) was 1.96 (1.28-2.99). Elevated serum UA levels were independently associated with increased likelihood for the development of CKD in Korean men (IRB number: KBC10034).
Adult ; Age Factors ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia/etiology ; Insulin Resistance ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*blood/complications/diagnosis ; Republic of Korea ; Smoking ; Triglycerides/blood ; Uric Acid/*blood

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the correlates of social factors and life stress in an urban population. METHODS: 932 residents of Yangcheongu, Seoul were selected using multi-phasic cluster sampling method to represent each district. Trained interviewers visited each separate household individually and collected self-reported questionnaires, which represent socio-demographic characteristics of community residents. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms (CES-D score over 21). Global Assessment of Recent stress (GARS) was used to evaluate life stress level. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in men was 11.8%, while in women it was 14.1%. Depressive symptoms were higher in divorced or separated persons, those with lower family incomes, high self-assessed level of stress scores, and frequent alcohol drinking patterns. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, high level of stress scores was independently associated with depressive symptoms. Sudden changes in relationship, sickness/injury and ordinary daily stress subscales were significantly associated with depressive symptoms when other subscales were controlled. CONCLUSION: Compared with point prevalence of depressive disorder, the prevalence of depressive symptoms in an urban population is relatively higher. The assessment of life stress level, especially for sudden changes in relationship, sickness/injury or ordinary daily stress, can be used as an effective screening tool for detection and prevention of depressive disorder.
Alcohol Drinking ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Divorce ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological ; Urban Population

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a significant role in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the natural course of insulin sensitivity under NAFLD remained unclear. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the effect of NAFLD on insulin resistance. A total of 20,628 Korean men without homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR < 2.7) were followed-up for 5 years. They were serially checked for HOMA-IR to monitor the development of IR (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.7). The incidence rate of IR increased according to the degree of NAFLD (normal: 11.6%, mild: 28.8%, moderate to severe: 40.5%, P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards model showed that HRs (95% CI) for IR increased proportionally to the degree of NAFLD (mild: 1.19 [1.02–1.39], moderate to severe: 1.32 [1.08–1.57]). IR was more potentially associated with the more progressive NAFLD than normal and milder state. In addition, NAFLD was the independent risk factor of the development of IR. These results suggest the potential availability of NAFLD as a predictor of IR.
Homeostasis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors