Hormone replacement therapy combined with progestogens induces changes in effect of estrogen on serum lipid levels and it has been known that the changes depend on a type and dosage of progestogen. It is also known that progestational agent induces positive ch-ange in bone mineral density. To study the effects of progestogen on lipoprotein and bone metabolism, we administ- ered conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg alone to 50 postmenopausal women, in combinat- ion with medroxy- progesterone acetate 5 mg to 40 postmenopausal women. The data demonstrated a beneficial effect in lipoprotein profiles in both groups. Total cholesterol in two groups decreased from the baseline values, LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly by 4.8 % in group I and 16.2 % in group II(p < 0.05), HDL-cholesterol increa- sed significantly by 11.3 % in group I and 14.7 % in group II(p < 0.05), triglyceride incre- ased slightly in both groups. Bone mineral density of femur was maintained and BMD of vertebrae increased by 1.1 % in group I and 2.0 % in group II, but it is not statistically significant. The differences of changes between two groups were not statistically significa- nt. Our results suggest that medroxyprogesterone acetate have no adverse effect on HDL -cholesterol and have no additive effect on bone mineral density in hormone replacement therapy.
Bone Density* ; Cholesterol ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Femur ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; Metabolism ; Progesterone ; Progestins ; Spine ; Triglycerides

Fourteen cases of double chambered right ventricle were diagnosed angiographically and of these nine caseswere confirmed after operation and autopsy at Seoul National University Hospital in recent four years since 1979.The clinical and radiological findings with the emphasis on the cinecardiographic findings were analysed. Thesummaries of the analysis are as follows; 1. Among 14 cases, 6 cases were male and 8 cases were female. Agedistribution was from 4 years to 36 years. 2. In chest X-ray findings, pulmonary vascularity was increased in 8cases, decreased in 4 cases, and nomral in 2 cases. Cardiomegaly was observed in 8 cases and other showed normalheart size. 3. In cinecardiography, 11 cases had interventricular septal defect. Among these 11 cases, VSD locatedin proximal high pressusre chamber was in 2 cases and located in distal low presssure chamber was in 9 cases. 4.The location of aberrant muscle bundle in sinus portion of right ventricule was in 8 cases. In the rest cases, andaberrant muscle bundle was located below the infundibulum of right ventricle. 5. For accurate diagnosis anddifferential diagnosis with other congenital cardiac anomalies such as Tetralogy of Fallot or isolated pulmonicstenosis, biplane cineangiography and catheterization is an essential procedure.
Autopsy ; Cardiomegaly ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cineangiography ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Pituitary Gland ; Seoul ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thorax

PURPOSE: To determine the differential points of hard palate masses, using CT and MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR (N=18) and CT (N=15) findings in 30 patients with pathologically-proven hard palate masses were reviewed. Masses originating in minor salivary glands were the most common (66.7%, N=20), and the remainder were accounted for by squamous cell carcinoma (N=5), lymphoma (N=2), malignant schwannoma (N=1), neurofibroma (N=1), and cholesterol granuloma (N=1). Location and demarcation of the lesions, MR signal intensity, degree of enhancement, internal architecture, and the patterns of adjacent tissue plane invasion were analyzed. RESULTS: The location of lesions originating in minor salivary glauds was as follows: paramedial, 73.7% (14/19); midline, 85.7% (6/7); and marginal,0% (0/4). On MR imaging, signal intensity and degree of enhancement showed no significant differential point except lower T2 signal intensity (3/5) and less enhancement (4/5) in squamous cell carcinoma than in other masses. Necrosiswas seen in 10/21 malignant masses (47.6%), poor demarcation in 10/21 (47.6%), bone invasion in 19/21 (90.5%), and tissue plane invasion in 15/21 (71.4%); in benign masses, the corresponding figures were 4/9 (44.4%), 1/9 (11.1%), 2/9 (22.2%), and 3/9 (33.3%). Two of 21 malignant masses (9.5%) showed none of the above charachteristics. CONCLUSION: Centrally located lesions most probably originate in minor salivary glands. In the hard palate, benign masses can show features which are generally thought to be those of malignant tumors, whereas malignant tumors can be free of such features; in differential diagnosis, caution is therefore required.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cholesterol ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibroma ; Palate ; Palate, Hard* ; Salivary Glands, Minor

No abstract available in English.
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar* ; Pathology*

BACKGROUND: The main source of carbohydrate in the Korean diet is rice, which is usually served in a rice bowl. This study investigated the impact of a meal plan using smaller rice bowls on dietary energy intake and macronutrient composition in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A total of 67 women with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in our study. We divided these participants into three groups: a normal-weight group (NW; body mass index [BMI] < 23 kg/m2; n = 17), an overweight group (OW; 23 < or = BMI < 25 kg/m2; n = 24) and an obese group (OB; BMI > or = 25 kg/m2; n = 26). Three-day dietary records were analyzed for total energy intake (TEI) and macronutrient composition both before enrollment and two weeks after patients received instruction in a dietary plan based on using a small (200 mL) rice bowl. RESULTS: After the intervention, TEI decreased in the OW and OB groups. Decreased carbohydrate (NW, -4 +/- 5%; OW, -4 +/- 5%; OB, -3 +/- 6%) and increased fat intakes were found in all three groups, which complies with Korean Diabetes Association recommendations. The protein proportion of TEI significantly increased only in the OW group. Body weight decreased both in the OW and OB groups. CONCLUSION: A short-term, small-rice-bowl-based meal plan was effective for body weight control and macronutrient balance in overweight or obese women in Korea with type 2 diabetes.
Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet, Diabetic ; Diet ; Diet Records ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Meals ; Overweight

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of prophylactic intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication after intravitreal dexamethasone implantation. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 39 eyes undergoing intravitreal dexamethasone implantation for macular edema. Eyes were divided into two groups, those which had used prophylactic IOP-lowering medication and those which had not. IOP was measured preoperatively, at one week, and monthly until six months post-injection in each group. RESULTS: The mean pre-injection IOP for the group that had not used prophylactic IOP-lowering medication and the group that had was 13.95 +/- 3.32 mm Hg and 13.56 +/- 3.71 mm Hg, the mean post-injection IOP at two months was 15.81 +/- 3.75 mm Hg and 12.56 +/- 5.02 mm Hg, and that at six months was 12.90 +/- 2.95 mm Hg and 11.44 +/- 3.59 mm Hg, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant at one week, one month, two months, and three months (p = 0.001, 0.002, 0.011, 0.035, respectively). A greater than 22 mm Hg increase in IOP was seen in four eyes (19.05%) in the group that had not used IOP-lowering medication and in one eye (5.56%) in the group that had. A greater than 5 mm Hg increase in IOP from baseline was seen in eight eyes (38.10%) in the group that had not used IOP-lowering medication and in one eye (5.56%) in the group that had. CONCLUSIONS: After intravitreal dexamethasone implantation, prophylactic IOP-lowering medication will significantly prevent IOP increase and decrease the number of patients requiring additional treatment that could cause potential damage to the retina and optic nerve.
Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macular Edema ; Optic Nerve ; Retina ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of prophylactic intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication after intravitreal dexamethasone implantation. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 39 eyes undergoing intravitreal dexamethasone implantation for macular edema. Eyes were divided into two groups, those which had used prophylactic IOP-lowering medication and those which had not. IOP was measured preoperatively, at one week, and monthly until six months post-injection in each group. RESULTS: The mean pre-injection IOP for the group that had not used prophylactic IOP-lowering medication and the group that had was 13.95 +/- 3.32 mm Hg and 13.56 +/- 3.71 mm Hg, the mean post-injection IOP at two months was 15.81 +/- 3.75 mm Hg and 12.56 +/- 5.02 mm Hg, and that at six months was 12.90 +/- 2.95 mm Hg and 11.44 +/- 3.59 mm Hg, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant at one week, one month, two months, and three months (p = 0.001, 0.002, 0.011, 0.035, respectively). A greater than 22 mm Hg increase in IOP was seen in four eyes (19.05%) in the group that had not used IOP-lowering medication and in one eye (5.56%) in the group that had. A greater than 5 mm Hg increase in IOP from baseline was seen in eight eyes (38.10%) in the group that had not used IOP-lowering medication and in one eye (5.56%) in the group that had. CONCLUSIONS: After intravitreal dexamethasone implantation, prophylactic IOP-lowering medication will significantly prevent IOP increase and decrease the number of patients requiring additional treatment that could cause potential damage to the retina and optic nerve.
Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macular Edema ; Optic Nerve ; Retina ; Retrospective Studies

We reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intracranial teratoma to detect the characteristic findings. Five patients with intracranial teratoma were evaluated with MRI from January 1988 to December 1990. Four male and one female patients with age ranging from 6 to 14 years were surgicelly confirmed MRI was done with 2.0T superconducting system(Spectro 20000, Goldstar, Seoul) and gadolinium enhancement was done in 4 patients. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, operative, pathologic, and radiologic findings. Intracranial teratomas showed fatty component, calcification and cystic component filled with sebum or serous fluid. Peripheral rim enhancement was seen in three and irregular enhancement in two cases. There were hydrocephalus in all teratoma, but neither surrounding edema nor surrounding tissue invasion was seen. Low signal intensity rim was noted around the solid component of all tumors and they were not enhanced. MRI showed multicomponent of intracranial teratoma including the solid and cystic component, and low singal rim which might be the characteristic findings of the intracranial teratoma.
Edema ; Female ; Gadolinium ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sebum ; Teratoma*

No abstract available.
Hydrocortisone* ; Prolactin*

PURPOSE: To elucidate high-resolution CT(HRCT) findings and their pathologic basis in pulmonary oil embolism induced by LipiodoI-Adriamycin emulsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pulmonary oil embolism was induced by infusing LipiodoI-Adriamycin emulsion through a peripheral vein in twelve Yorkshire pigs. Serial HRCT scans were performed on 2rid, 4th, 7th, 14th, and 28th day after the procedure. The pigs were sacrificed immediately after HRCT and histologic specimens were prepared in the same plane and level with HRCT. RESULTS: The basic pathology was reversible hemorrhagic edema of the lung. On HRCT, intraalveolar hemorrhage and edema in the acute stage manifested as ground-glass opacity or air-space consolidation of the whole secondary Iobule. The lesions were predominantly distributed over the dependent posterior lung fields because the specific gravity of Lipiodol is 1.28. Interlobular septal thickening due to edematous fluid collection was also associated. With the elapse of time, the extent and severity of the acute lesions resolved and, sometimes, changed into small nodular opacities. Pulmonary opacity was most severe on the post-embolization 2nd day and completely resolved within 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary embolization of LipiodoI-Adriamycin emulsion causes reversible hemorrhagic edema of the lung and Lipiodol toxicity seems to play a major role. HRCT findings of pulmonary oil embolism are quite different from those of pneumonia and pulmonary metastasis, which suggests the possibility of clincal application.
Edema ; Embolism* ; Ethiodized Oil ; Hemorrhage ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology ; Pneumonia ; Specific Gravity ; Swine ; Veins