On the basis of the study intended to research by crosssectional study keeps pace with semilongitudinal study the growthaccelerating phenomena that Maximum Growth age in teenager's body-height. By the random sampling method, the subject of study are 12659 persons(male;6355, female;6304) that they are from 7 ages to 17 ages in the whole country including the rural community. The measurement period passed three month days, the statistical data became electronic data processing system with computer.The other side, body-height and MGA of Koreans who had been for during the period from 1925 to 1966 proved transition of the growth-accelerating phenomena by research data reported between 1913 and 1983. The results are as follows; 1. The Growth and Development-Value of Body-height. An age bracket the growth and development-value of body-height were, respectively, male is 123.88+/-5.05cm and female is 123.29+/-5.54cm for 7 ages group. these indices increased with age. The top-value reach, respectively. 169.08+/-5.62cm and 157.57+/-6.13cm. The intersecting ages of male and female were the age 8.5~12.5, during these periods, female excelled male but after these periods, male excelled female again. In case of body-height, MGA's are 7.0cm for male between 12 and 13 age, and 7.01cm for female between 8 and 9 ages. As a rule, body-height of male excelled female but intersection phenomena of male and female appeared between 8.5 and 12.5 ages. By reginal groups, it is most prevailing is Seoul, and medium size cities and rural community come in order. By regional groups, intersection phenomena of male and female are. a region of Seoul; 8.5~11.5 ages, a region of Daejeon; 7.5~9.5 ages, rural community; 11.5~14.5 ages the whole country's average; 8.5~12.5 ages By regional groups, the rate of maximum increase in a year are a regional of Seoul; male is 7.23cm as 13 ages, female is 7.65cm as 9 ages. a region of Daejeon; male is 7.85cm as 11 ages, female is 8.39cm as 9 ages. rural community; male is 7.65cm as 14 ages, female is 6.25 as 12 ages. the whole country's average; male is 7.0cm as 13 ages, female is 7.01 as 9 ages. 2. Maximum Growth Age (M.G.A.) By reginal groups, maximum Growth Age's are as below in a region of Seoul, MGA's are 12.63 for male and 9.01 for female, which shows that MGA for female appears about 3.5 years earlier than that for male. In a retion of Daejeon, MGA's are 9.20 for male and 8.93 for female, which show that they are all much the same in M.G.A. In rural community, MGA's are 14.00 for male and 11.89 for female, which shows that MGA for female appears about 2 years earlier than that for male. In the whole average, MGA's are 13.01 for male and 8.97 for female, which shows that for female appears about 4 years earlier than that for male. For boy, M.G.A. shows fastest-growing in Daegjeon, and Seoul and rural community come in order. For girl, It shows equal growth in Seoul and Daejeon, rural community comes later. 3. The M.G.A's in body height of male are respectively the age 15.02 in 1913, 14.23 in 1956, 13.86 in 1967, 13.62 in 1975, and 12.82 in 1981, while those of female are the age 12.0 in 1940, 11.52 in 1965, 9.53 in 1975, ad 11.16 in 1980; these data show that the MGA of the Koreans has been getting younger. 4. The equation of linear regression of all the MGA's in body height are as follow; Male: Y(M.G.A) = -0.020 x (the year) + 15.19 : female: Y(MGA) = -0.028 x (the year) + 13.2549. 5. The corelation of all the MGA's in body height are as below; male;r=-0.329, female;r=-0.252. 6. From the transition of the growth-accelating phenomena in 1980 we can capture the fact that the MGA's has been getting younger by 0.2 year per 10 years. 7. The MGA's in bodyheight are shown in table 4. 8. The future growth-accelating phenomena in body height are expected to show the similar tondency like that of the past, in 1910's but it should by more precisely reviewed after investigating the phenomena of the years directly ahead.
Acceleration* ; Automatic Data Processing ; Body Height* ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Rural Population ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of pilomatricoma is unknown. Several reports have suggested that apoptosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of pilomatricoma. As the bcl-2 and p53 are well-known regulators of apoptosis, a disturbance in either bcl-2 or p53 could compromise a proper apoptotic response and relate to the development of the tumor. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in pilomatricoma. METHODS: Paraffin blocks of 14 cases of pilomatricoma were stained immunohistochemically by using anti-bcl-2 and anti-p53 antibodies. RESULTS: 1. Histologically, SCs were found in all 14 pilomatricomas, while BCs and TCs were found each in 9 tumors. 2. All the SCs found in 14 tumors and all the TCs found in 9 tumors were unstained for both bcl-2 and p53. 3. The expression of bcl-2 in 9 tumors was variable. Basal BCs showed reactivity from negativity(-) to strong positivity(+++) and suprabasal BCs showed reativity from negativity(-) to moderately strong(++) positivity. Both basal BCs and suprabasal BCs showed negativity for bcl-2 in 3 tumors and similar positive staining in 1 tumor, while basal BCs showed stonger positivity than suprabasal BCs in 5 tumors. 4. The expression of p53 in 9 tumors was also variable. Both basal BCs and suprabasal BCs showed reactivity from negativity(-) to moderately strong positivity(++). Both basal BCs and suprabasal BCs showed negativity for p53 in 1 tumor and similar positive staining in 6 tumors, while suprabasal BCs showed stronger positivity than basal BCs in 2 tumors. CONCLUSION: The above immunohistochemical findings showed that the expression of bcl-2 and p53 was variable and suggest that both bcl-2 and p53 have a limited role in the control of apoptosis in pilomatricoma.
Antibodies ; Apoptosis ; Paraffin ; Pilomatrixoma*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has become widely used for the treatment of chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis that is unresponsive to medical management. But the effect of pediatric ESS on facial growth or sinus growth are controversial and not well understood. The object of the present study was to determine whether pediatric ESS causes the volumetric restriction of the sinuses. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Fifteen cases of patients who underwent unilateral endoscopic sinus surgery for antrochoanal polyp were reviewed retrospectively. Postoperative maxillary and ethmoid sinus volumes were measured by computed tomography at 73.5 (51-101) months after surgery, and these were compared with non-operated sinus volumes. RESULTS: The mean volume of the operated and non-operated maxillary sinuses were 18.9+/-6.4 ml and 21.7+/-5.3 ml. and the mean volume of the operated and non-operated ethmoid sinuses were 4.1+/-1.2 ml and 3.7+/-1.2 ml. There was no significant difference in sinus growth between operated and non-operated sinuses. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that pediatric ESS affected maxillary and ethmoid sinus growth.
Ethmoid Sinus ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Polyps* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Inevitably, Maxillary structural defect follows maxillary cancer extirpation. Maxillary reconstruction is over every surgeon's head. Every physician tried to overcome limited donor site of craniofacial defect. We considered to suggest optimal method of inferior orbital wall defect in functional point as well as esthetic point. METHODS: We performed wide excision of maxilla and vascularized partial thickness calvarial bone flap to reconstruct the defect from cancer extirpation in three cases. We select ipsilateral superficial temporal artery, vein and outer cortex of parietal bone flap as donor. And we applied bone flap as inferior orbital wall structure. The bony surface was wrapped with fascia to prevent direct contact between orbital contents and rough bony flap surface. Computed tomography image was checked during follolw up period. RESULTS: We can observe these patients for over two years. In all three cases, We can get fair inferior orbital wall structure. Even though they got radiation therapy, there was no limitation of extraocular movements, no diplopia. no enophthalmos. Also there was minimal donor site morbidity. CONCLUSION: We suggest vascularized calvarial bone flap is practically excellent strategy for inferior orbital wall reconstruction
Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Fascia ; Head ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Orbit ; Parietal Bone ; Skull ; Temporal Arteries ; Tissue Donors ; Veins

To examine the effectiveness and safety of erythropoietin on the anemia of end-stage chronic renal failure, we administered recombinant human erythropoietin(rHuEPO), Eporon(R), to 66 patients with anemia and chronic renal failure who were undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. All received Eporon(R) intravenously, two or three times per week at 150unit/kg, and then the dose of Eporon(R) was adjusted to 75-300unit/kg/week according to the hemoglobin response. The results of this study judged 19(39.6%) of 48 patients as being in a "markedly improved" condition while 23(47.9%) of 48 patients were judged as being in an "improved" condition. At results, the response rate of this study was 87.5%(42/48 patients). This was the same as the target response rate, 90%(p= 0.564). Serious adverse events occured in 6 cases during the study, but all proved to be unrelated to Eporon(R). These events included itching 1(1.5%), urticaria 1(1.5%) and headache 1(1.5%). No patients discontinued to participate in the study except one patient who withdrew from the study voluntarily. The symptoms of all adverse events eventually decreased and disappeared during the clinical study. No factors in the clinical laboratory tests changed significantly (p<0.05) except for the decrease of TSR and ferritin, a consequence of using iron hemoglobin synthesis caused by Eporon(R) administration. The significant increase in blood pressure, which could not be proved to be related to Eporon(R), disappeared during the study. Anti-Epo antibody was not detected in any samples. These results demonstrate that Eporon(R) is effective in many patients with the anemia of end-stage chronic renal failure.
Anemia* ; Blood Pressure ; Erythropoietin ; Ferritins ; Headache ; Humans* ; Iron ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Pruritus ; Renal Dialysis ; Urticaria

PURPOSE: An osteoma is one of the common benign tumors that penetrate the nasal portion, paranasal and frontal sinus. This tumor is mostly found by radiation test accidentally, however in rare cases; it can be found to be touched or with its symptoms as the tumor grows. We report this case since we found and healed the benign tumor which was affecting orbit and the both sides of fronal sinus. METHODS: A 19 year old female patient visited to our hospital due to the mass on her forehead. The symptoms began 3 years ago but no special symptom was found except for touchable mass. She was diagnosed as the osteoma of superior orbital parts and both sides of frontal sinus using X-ray and CT scanning. The size of osteoma was 5x2.5x3.5cm and indicated the patterns penetrated to the right side of orbital region. The osteoma excision was conducted with coronal incision and wide area of defect part in frontal sinus and superior orbital part were reconstructed by cranial bone graft and resorbable fixation plates. RESULTS: The patient recovered without any postoperative infections or complications and symptoms. Dysaesthesia was found on her frontal area but improved in 1 month after the surgery. CONCLUSION: The occurrences of osteoma in frontal sinus are rare and can be treated with conservative methods if there are no infections and symptoms. We report this case since we found the benign tumor, which was affecting orbit and the both sides of fronal sinus and healed it with coronal resectomy without any complications.
Female ; Forehead ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Orbit ; Organic Chemicals ; Osteoma ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Steatocystoma multiplex is a rare benign disease that occurred multiply on whole body surface. Many physicians have tried managing steatocystoma in variable methods. However it is hard to define the optimal way to cure steatocystoma. We performed both aspiration and excisional method to study the usefulness of both methods. METHODS: A 28-year-old woman has asymptomatic multiple subcutaneous nodules on whole body. Most lesions were aspirated with 26-guage needled 3cc syringe but large and purulent three nodules were excised. RESULTS: We diagnosed the lesion histologically as steatocystoma multiplex. Aspirated wound healed without scar, excised wound remained scar but esthetically acceptable. Axillary lesion contained so clustered type cysts that was difficult to aspirate whole cyst. Thus additional excisional method was needed. CONCLUSION: There are many practical methods to cure steatocystoma. However, there is no appropriate method to cure it. Therefore we should select different therapeutic method according to anatomical location and cyst size. Especially at subcutaneous fat-rich lesion like axilla and abdomen, it is better to excise the clustered cyst than to aspirate.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Axilla ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Steatocystoma Multiplex ; Syringes

Straight access cavity design allows the operator to locate all canals, helps in proper cleaning and shaping, ultimately facilitates the obturation of the canal system. However, change in the fracture strength according to the access cavity designs was not clearly demonstrated yet. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different access cavity designs on the fracture strength in endodontically treated mandibular anterior teeth. Recently extracted mandibular anterior teeth that have no caries, cervical abrasion, and fracture were divided into three groups (Group 1 : conventional lingual access cavity, Group 2 : straight access cavity, Group 3 : extended straight access cavity) according to the cavity designs. After conventional endodontic treatment, cavities were filled with resin core material. Compressive loads parallel to the long axis of the teeth were applied at a crosshead speed of 2mm/min until the fracture occurred. The fracture strength analyzed with ANOVA and the Scheffe test at the 95% confidence level. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean fracture strength decrease in following sequence Group 1 (558.90 +/- 77.40 N), Group 2 (494.07 +/- 123.98 N) and Group 3 (267.33 +/- 27.02 N). 2. There was significant difference between Group 3 and other groups (P = 0.00). Considering advantage of direct access to apical third and results of this study, straight access cavity is recommended for access cavity form of the mandibular anterior teeth.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Root Caries ; Tooth*

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for young patients generally considered to be poor. The purpose of this study was to determined whether the clinical characteristics and the survival rate in young lung cancer patients after surgical treatment differs from that in older patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Of 526 patients, 28(5.3%) were 30 to 40 years old. We studied the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 28 patients aged 40 years or less(Group 1), in whom primary lung cancer was diagnosed and operated between 1990 and 1997, and compared them with those 498 patients aged more than 40 years(Group 2). RESULT: The differences in sex ratio that were higher for women in Group 1, but there was no significant difference (p=0.297). The percentages for smokers and symptoms in Group 1 were significantly less than in Group 2.(p=0.049, p=0.008). Adenocarcinoma was significantly more common (p=0.018) and squamous cell diagnosed was diagnosed as stage IIIb or stage IV in 9 patients(32.1%), while 12.0% of the patients older than 40 years of age had either stage IIIb or stage IV(p=0.002). The 5-year survival rate was 41.3% in Group 1 ; 37.7% in Group 2, and the median survival time was 24.3 months in Group 1 ; 27.0 months is Group 2. There were no significant difference in survival between two age groups(p=0.808). CONCLUSIONS: Younger patients have more adenocarcinoma, however have less squamous cell carcinoma, less symptoms and less smoking history. Although younger patients tended to have more advanced disease and less complete resection rate, the recurrence and the long term survival in these patients did not differ that of older patients.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Sex Ratio ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Owing to the improvement of microscope, microsurgery implements, and microsuture, finger replantation has made a considerable development. With high success rate of microsurgery in children, positive results have been reported from distal amputation. We report the patients demographics, methods, and results of the microsurgery performed in children in our hospital for the last 8 years. METHODS: From the medical records of 21 patients who had given the treatment in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2007, we analyzed patients' sex, age, operative method, and complication retrospectively. RESULTS: The number of male patients was twice as many as female, where most patients belong to the ages of five to ten years. Operative methods performed in this study included end-to-end anastomosis of artery and vein, vein graft, and epineurial suture. As a result, 19 out of 21 cases were successfully accomplished, and four of them went through the debridement of necrotic tissue due to the partial necrosis of the lesion. A one-year follow-up observation was made after surgery and most of them were almost fully recovered as in their previous state. CONCLUSION: The success rate of finger replantaion in children is continuously improving despite the difficulty of vessel anastomotic procedure, rehabilitation treatment and management after surgery. We report the satisfactory results of pediatric finger replantation technically and aesthetically.
Amputation ; Arteries ; Child ; Debridement ; Demography ; Female ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Microsurgery ; Necrosis ; Replantation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sutures ; Transplants ; Veins