Two hundreds fifty seven cases of normal mammogram were analysis for classification of types of breasts.Ranging from 20 to 79 years of age, mean age was 45 years. Two projections, craniocaudal & mediolateral, were used. Age, nutrient condition, familial tendency and hormonal factors influence to breats hisologically. Normalbreats were classified into the standard (9.75%), ductal (71.7%), glandular (6.2%) and atrophic (12.4%) types.Ductal type was further subclassified into intraductal, periductal and mixed types. Atrophic type was susbdividedinto fibrous and fatty, Standard type was observed in younger women, instead of atrophic type was seen in olderage group, especially after menopause. Periductal type was most common (65.4%), Glandular type was mostly intwenty to thirty year group. According to increase of age, gladular or ductal type transformed into atrophic type.
Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of self-care behavior, empowerment, and social support on glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The data were collected during the period of July 1 to July 31, 2016. In total, 172 participants were recruited from outpatients who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at a health care center, a health promotion center at National Health Insurance Corporation, and a tertiary hospital. Statistical data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 using frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The study results showed that self-care behavior (β=−.34, p<.001), empowerment (β=−.34, p<.001), and social support (β=−.20, p=.018) were found to be influential factors affecting glycosylated hemoglobin, with an overall descriptive power of 69%. CONCLUSION: Self-care behavior, empowerment, and social support are considered to be important factors in blood glucose management for the patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, self-caring blood glucose programs and internal synchronizing education through social support and empowerment need to be improved.
Blood Glucose ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Hemoglobin A ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated* ; Humans ; National Health Programs ; Outpatients ; Power (Psychology)* ; Self Care* ; Tertiary Care Centers

Catatracts are an infrequent but well-known complication of electrical injury, remains poorly understood. We report two cases of electric cataract with maculopathy experienced recently. The first case was a 58-year-old man who had exposed to 22000 voltage current and sustained third degree, 15% burn. 54th day after burn, the lenticular changes showed total opacity of both eyes and the intraocular pressure of left eye was 28 mmHg. 65th day after burn, extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation on left eye was performed. After the operation, naked vision was 1.0, but hard exudates were showed in macular area. The second case was a 23-year-old man who had exposed to 54000 voltage current and sustained third degree, 20% burn. 82th day after burn, the lenticular changes showed moderate opacities in the anterior and posterior subcapsular area of both eyes. 137th day after burn, extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation on right eye was performed. The final corrected visual acuity was 0.5 on 7th week after the operation due to lamellar macular hole.
Male ; Humans

No Abstract Available.
Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No Abstract Available.
Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

PURPOSE: To correlate histologic subtypes with MR signal intensity in meniagioma and to find etiologic factors responsible for the signal characteristics of T2WI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We. reviewed MRIs and histopathologic studies in 35 cases of meningioma. MR signal intenisty was measured with respect to cerebral cortex(gray matter) as hypointense, isointense, or hyperintense. Pathologically, meningioma was classified into subtypes, acording to the new WHO classification of brain tumors. The degree of cellularity, collagen, and vascularity was graded from 1 to 3, and presence or absence of psammoma bodies, microcysts, micronecrosis and microhemorrhage was obeserved. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to find relationship between the pathologic findings and MR signal intensity of T2WI. RESULTS: Even in the same subtype, cellularity, collagen and vascularty of the tumor were different. T1WI was not useful in discriminating pathologic subtype because most tumors were isointense or hypointense to the cortex regardless of histologic type. Most tumors showed various signal intensity on T2WI, but T2WI were not useful, either. Exceptionally, all five cases of microcystic meningiomas were hyperintense on T2W1. In analysing the relationship between MR signal intensity and pathologic factor, increased collagen content produced decreased signal intensity(P<0.01) and the existence of microcyst resulted in high signal intensity(P<0.01). Cellularity, vascularity, microcalcification, micronecrosis and microhemorrhage had no relationship with signal intensity on T2WI. CONCLUSION: Except for the five microcystic meningiomas with hyperintenty on T2WI there was no relationship between MR signal intensity and subtype of meningiomas. Pathologic factors influencing T2 signal intensity were microcyst and collagen. Even in the same subtypes of meningiomas, the T2 signal intensity was different. This may be due to different ratio of microcyst and collagen.
Brain Neoplasms ; Classification ; Collagen ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Meningioma*

Localized enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis is characterized by selective phlebitis involving the small to medium-sized veins and venules, infiltration exclusively by lymphocytes, and no other systemic vasculitis or inflammatory bowel disease. This vasculitis can be a rare cause of intestinal ischemia. We experienced a case of enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis in a 72-year-old woman, who presented with abdominal pain and distension. The resected colon and terminal ileum showed striking lymphocytic phlebitis affecting the veins and venules of the bowel and mesentery which resulted in ischemic injury of the bowel. This vasculopathy was the only demonstrable cause of ischemia. Arteritis and arteriolitis was not found. There is no clinical or laboratory evidence or a history of extraintestinal vasculitis. The etiology of this clinicopathological entity has not been elucidated. Herein, we report the clinicopathological findings in this patient who presented with ischemic intestinal necrosis caused by localized intestinal lymphocytic phlebitis associated with thrombosis.
Female ; Humans

Unilateral breast edema has many causes, though among these, congestive heart failure is rare. We report mammographic and sonographic findings of unilateral breast edema due to congestive heart failure. Mammography showed diffuse increase density and skin thickening but no evidence of mass or calcification. Ultrasonography showed skin thickening and increased echogenicity in the subcutaneous fat layer, while in the dermal layer, with tubular and reticular anechoic structures suggestive of dilated lymphatics were seen. After treatment of the heart failure, resolution of the abnormalities seen on mammogram established that these were secondary findings.
Breast* ; Edema* ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Heart Failure* ; Mammography ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Ultrasonography*

Most of the malignant tumors of the pancreas are adenocarcinomas arising from the ductal epithelium. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas, even though it is the most common sarcoma of the pancreas, is very rare. We present a case of leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas, probably primary, with metastases to the stomach, lymph nodes, and abdominal wall. A 52-year-old woman visited the hospital with vague right upper abdominal pain and weigh loss of 6 kg for 2 months. The radiological and endoscopic examination revealed that she had a large heterogeneous mass, 11 cm in size, in the pancreatic body and tail, a 4 cm-sized mass in the paraaortic area, and a 3 cm-sized polypoid mass in the stomach. Histologically, they were all similar to one another and composed of markedly pleomorphic cells. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies showed definite smooth muscle differentiation of the tumor cells. Two months later, the patient underwent an excision of a new 3 cm mass in the right lower abdominal wall, showing features of well differentiated leiomyosarcoma.
Abdominal Pain ; Abdominal Wall ; Adenocarcinoma ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas* ; Sarcoma ; Stomach

Paranasal sinus CT is known as the most effective imaging modality in the evaluation of inflammatory sinonasal diseases and can depict the distribution, causative lesions obstructing main drainge route, and associated findings. Recently, functional endoscopic sinus surgery has been widely used for the evaluation and treatment. Before operation, PNS CT has been routinely used to evaluate the paranasal sinuses and mucociliary drainage route. The authors analyzed the PNS CT findings of 3156 cases in 1578 patients with chronic sinusitis symptoms. Sinonasal inflammatory diseases were categorized into 5 patterns according to the obstruction sites. They were 1) infundibular (10%, 316/3156), 2) ostimeatal unit (41%, 1294/3156), 3) sphenoethmoidal recess (12%, 379/3156), 4) sinonasal polyposis (30%, 946/3156) , and 5) unclassifiable (6%, 190/3156) patterns. The main causes for infundibular obstruction in order of frequency were inflammatory mucosa, enlarged ethmoidal bulla and Haller's cell. With respect to the middle meatus obstruction, is main causes in the order of frequency were polypoid lesion, inflammatory mucosa and medially deviated uncinate process. In particular, sinonasal polyposis showed one or more of the characteristic associated findings of infundibular enlargement, air-fluid level, ethmoidal sinus was bulging and bony deossification or sclerosis as well as sinonasal polypoid change. In conclusion, the inflammatory sinonasal diseases were classified into five patterns, and the causative lesions or anatomic variations were efficiently detected by the PNS CT. Furthermore, it could provide a guidance for proper management of the sinusitis including functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Drainage ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Sclerosis ; Sinusitis