To pursue a desirable format for the pathological diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, the authors attempted to classify 369 biopsy-proven cirrhosis on the basis of etiology and made effort to find out the morphological characteristics of each category. About 735 of total cases were HBsAg seropositive postnecrotic cirrhosis. Alcholic cirrhosis ws the second most frequent type, although accounted only 6.8%. In about 15%, the etiology was not known. Excluding the congenital biliary atresia, chronic biliary obstruction appeared to be a rare cause of cirrhosis among these biopsied cases. Of the HBsAg positive postnecrotic cirrhosis, the eAg seropositive cases tended to be micronodular and to show a higher necroinflammatory activity, in contrast to eAg seronegative cases and those complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting that the loss of eAg is followed by a decrease of the destructive activity, active regeneration of hepatocytes and finally the development of HCC. alcoholic cirrhosis was micronodular in 64% and revealed histologic evidences of alcoholic liver disease in most cases. The results indicate that etiological diagnosis can be made in most cases of cirrhosis by the morphological characteristics and the precise clinical informations, including those on the NANB virus and the inborn error of metabolism, and that the pathological diagnosis should be more comprehensive, implicating the etiology, the nodular size and the necroinflammatory activity.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

No abstract available.
Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Pulmonary Atresia* ; Ventricular Septum*

Forty-nine lobectomized hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC) were classified according to the gross anatomical features. Because the presence of cirrhosis in the remaining liver has a good clinico-pathological implication, cases of HCC were divided into non-cirrhotic(non-LC) and cirrhotic(LC) groups. In both groups, the tumors themselves belonged to either expanding, focal spreading, spreading or mixed type. Another special type, which has been called a "diffuse type" is added in the LC group with the name of "cirrhotomimetic type" Among 49 cases, 21 belonged to the non-LC group and 28 to the LC group. Most common was expanding type(20 cases, 40.8%), which was followed by spreading(32.7%), focal spreading(16.3%), mixed(6.1%) and cirrhotomimetic(4.1%) types. Expanding type of the LC group was the single most common type(13 cases, 26.5%). The accordance rate of gross typing was 0.94. Tumor masses of the LC group showed a greater tendency of having a fibrous capsule(60.7%) and a lobulated cut surface(82.1%), in contrast to those of the non-LC group (28.6% and 42.9% respectively). The patient's age and the HBsAg seropositivity were not different between the groups and between the types. Increased serum level of AFP was particularly frequent in the spreading type(81.3%) of both groups and in the cirrhotomimetic type(100%).
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Vertigo mimicking labyrinthine lesions may have resulted from ischemic insult to the inner ear or the vestibular nerve and nucleus in the AICA infarction syndrome. A 56-year-old female was admitted to the emergency room with vertigo and hearing loss in right ear. On neurological examination, she had left beating jerky torsional and horizontal nystagmus with falling and past pointing to right side. Brain magnetic resonance images showed high signal intensity in anterolateral portion of inferior pons on T2- weighted images. Severe right facial palsy of peripheral type developed 24 hours after admission. Audiometry and electronystagmography documented absent auditory and vestibular function on the affected side. We argue that vertigo of the acute infarction in AICA territory can be involved the eight and seventh nerve root entry zoon and mimic labyrinthine lesions
Audiometry ; Brain ; Ear ; Ear, Inner ; Electronystagmography ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Facial Nerve* ; Facial Paralysis ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Examination ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; Pons ; Vertigo* ; Vestibular Nerve

Left atrial myxoma is well-known mimicker of systemic vasculitis. In general, however, these patients showed some symptoms and signs of cardiovascular disease. We experienced a patient with left atrial myxoma who first presented as vasculitis without any symptoms and signs suggesting cardiovascular disorders. A 45 year-old lady showed tender skin nodules, livedo reticuiaris-like skin lesions, severe constitutional symptoms, multiple cerebral infarctions, and elevated ESR and globulin. Skin biopsy findings were thought to be consistent with polyarteritis nodosa. Echocardiography was performed as a routine test for evaluating suspected vasculitis patients and it revealed left atrial myxoma. However, we were not able to detect any auscultation abnormality, even after echocardiography, After echocardiography, we found the tumor emboli in skin biopy specimen with deeper section. This case demonstrated the importance of suspecting the possibility of left atrial myxoma when performing diagnostic work-up for vasculitis.
Auscultation ; Biopsy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cerebral Infarction ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myxoma ; Polyarteritis Nodosa ; Skin ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Vasculitis

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.