Anatomically olecranon fracture is an intra-articular fracure, so reduction must be exact. Using the principle of Zuggurtungsosteosynthese by Weber, Pauwels' clinical study of olecranon fracture showed the superiority of tension band. 15 patients with olecranon fracture of the ulna who were treated with tension band and could be followed at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Han Il Hospital from January, 1974 to December, 1980 have been reviewed. The result obtained is as follows. We obtained the more rigid fixation with modifying the standard tension band locating the end of K-wire in the cortex of opposite side cortex of ulna. So, the result of treatment was satisfactory.
Clinical Study ; Humans ; Olecranon Process ; Orthopedics ; Ulna

BACKGROUND: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is known to increase blood flow to the innervations area of the stellate ganglion. Near infrared spectroscopy reflects an increased blood volume and allows continuous, non-invasive, and bedside monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2). We investigated the influence of SGB on bilateral cerebral oxygenation using a near infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: SGB was performed on 30 patients with 1% lidocaine 10 ml using a paratracheal technique at the C6 level and confirmed by the presence of Horner's syndrome. The blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rSO2 were measured before SGB and 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after SGB. Tympanic temperature of each ear was measured prior to SGB and 20 minutes after SGB. RESULTS: The increments of the rSO2 on the block side from the baseline were statistically significant at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The rSO2 on the non-block side compared with the baseline, however, decreased at 15 and 20 minutes. The difference between the block and the non-block sides was significant at 15 and 20 minutes. The BP at 10, 15 and 20 minutes was increased and the HR was increased at 10 and 15 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increment of the rSO2 on the block side from the baseline; however, the rSO2 on the non-block side decreased.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Ear ; Heart Rate ; Horner Syndrome ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Oxygen ; Spectrum Analysis ; Stellate Ganglion

Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg CdCl2/kg by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in blood were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to metallothionein(MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(microgram MT/microgram Cd) was greater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.
Animals ; Cadmium Chloride ; Cadmium* ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Metallothionein* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis

Twenty-four cases of complete acromioclavicular dislocation had been treated surgically by Weaver and Dunn method at Hanil Hospital during the period from March 1976 to March 1988. Among twenty-four cases, we had average 84.4 months follow-up data on fifteen cases with acute complete dislocation and two cases with chronic complete dislocation. The following results were obtained. 1. The transferred coracoacromial ligament had been secured to the resected clavicular end by wire or silk(silk in eleven cases, wire in six). All patients in wire sutured group had to be reoperated on because of breakage of wire. But no significat differences in final clinical function of the shoulder was seen. 2. Calcification was found in the region of the transferred coracoacromial ligament in twelve cases(70.6%). 3. All patients had normal shoulder motion, sixateen(94.1%) were asymptomatic, and only four(23.5%) felt mild weakness of shoulder. 4. On the clinical assessment by the criteria of Imatani et. al., 12 patients(70.6%) were graded excellent, 4 patients(23.5%) were good, and one patient(5.9%) was fair.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Shoulder

Electrical burn is thought to be similar to crushing injury in that it usually involves skin, muscle and neurovascular structure simultaneously. Especially in extremity, there are many occasions that amputations are inevitable. Since the demarcation between viable and non-viable tissue tends to be obscure, electrical burn greatly differs from other types of injury in detailed methods of treatment, such as the level, the timing and the technique of amputation. During the past 10 years from January, 1978 to December, 1987, authors experienced 285 amputations in 181 cases of electrical burn at Orthopedic Department of Hanil Hospital. The clinical data of our experience were reviewed and analysed. The results were as follows ;l. Amputation rate in electrical burn was 22.4%. 2. Out of total 285 amputations, the number of upper extremity was 187 (65.6%) and it was 1.9 times more than that of lower extremity. Right forearm was 1.8 times more than left forearm. 3. Multiple limbs amputation were performed in 83 cases (45.9%). 4. Among 285 stumps, more than one operation were done in 74 stumps because of infection (50%), necrosis of stump end (35.1%), bony overgrowth at stump end (8.1%) and neuroma(6.8%).
Amputation ; Amputees ; Burns ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Skin ; Upper Extremity

Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia is rare, hereditary disease characterized by defective enchondral bone formation with major manifestation at the metaphysis. Jansen originally used the term metaphyseal dysostosis in 1934 to describe a patient who has a short stature with irregular metaphysis of the lower extremity and hands. Schmid reported a milder form of Metaphyseal dysostosis in 1949, which is more common and is transmitted in autosomal dominant trait. Mukusick reported another form of Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia which is associated with ectodermal abnormalities in 1964. The other different types were reported alos, but they are extremly rare. The basic defect in the disease may be the failure of hypertrophic cells to mature and degenerate, caused by a block in or deficiency of enzymes of glycolytic cycle. The skull and spine are spared. Serum chemistry and kidney function are normal. The only treatment necessary, once adequate diagnosis has been estabilished, is careful observation and properly timed corrective orthopaedic surgery. We experienced one case of Schmid Type Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia. Corrective osteotomy was performed and satisfactory result was obtained.
Chemistry ; Diagnosis ; Dysostoses ; Ectoderm ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Hand ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lower Extremity ; Osteogenesis ; Osteotomy ; Skull ; Spine

OBJECTIVES: The dopamine-blocking effects and the associated side effects(amenorrhea, lactation, sexual dysfunct of classical antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients have been studied for a long time. The purpose of this study to find out these effects of new antipsychotics(risperidone, olanzapine) in schizophrenic patients treated with clinical relevant doses. METHOD: Plasma levels of both prolactin and testosterone were measured in 91 schizophrenic patients(28 taking haloperidol, 4-20mg/day ; 31 taking risperidone, 2-6mg/day/ 32 taking olanzapine, 5-20mg/day). RESULTS: In male schizophrenic patients, the prolactin levels of risperidone group(76.44+/-38.85ng/ml) and haloperidol group(60.26+/-20.74ng/ml) had no significant difference, but were significantly higher than that of olanzapine(26.90+/-5.36ng/ml). In female, the prolactin level of olanzapine group(36.66+/-17.55) was significantly lower than those of risperidone(121.7+/-.33) and haloperidol group(161.66+/-37.53). And prolactin level of risperdone group was lower than that of haloperidol group. While the testosterone plasma level of risperidone, haloperidol and olanzapine in both male and female schizophrenic patients had no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: At doses known to be effective in popular clinical setting, prolactin level in patients taking risperidone we higher than that of haloperidol, while olanzapine showed no significant difference in terms of prolactin plasma level haloperidol. New antipsychotics may not influence the testosterone plasma level.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Female ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Lactation ; Male ; Plasma ; Prolactin* ; Risperidone ; Testosterone*

The estrogen receptor (ER) is present in a wide variety of mammalian tissues and is required for the physiological responses of estrogen, including estrogen-induced tissue-specific changes in gene expression. But most of our knowledge on the regulation of ER mRNA levels comes from in vivo steroid replacement experiments or cancer cell lines that express the ER. Thus the present study was attempted to determine 1) the anterior pituitary ER mRNA levels during rat estrous cycle 2) if estradiol itself directly modulates the ER mRNA levels in cultured rat anterior pituitary using RT-PCR method. In rats with 4 day estrous cycle, the ER mRNA levels in anterior pituitary gland reached to maximum at proestrus 11:00h just before serum estradiol concentration showed the highest. From then, the ER mRNA levels gradually declined during the rest of the proestrus. On the other hands, in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells, the ER mRNA levels were significantly decreased by the treatment of estradiol. These results indicate that the surge of estradiol was proceeded by the increase in pituitary ER mRNA levels during the proestrus and in cultured anterior pituitary cells, estrogen might be involved in the down-regulation of the ER mRNA levels.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Estrous Cycle ; Gene Expression ; Hand ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior* ; Proestrus ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger*

Although extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma are frequent as about 64%, implants involving the peritoneum are rare. We presented a cases, whieh is hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to visceral peritoneum revealing multiple, hard, variable-sized and nodular mass including large mass over 10 cm in size. The presence of tumor was diagnosed by serum alpha fetoprotein, abdaminal CT, celiac and SMA angiography and biopsy with laparoscopy.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Angiography ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Laparoscopy ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Peritoneum

BACKGROUND: Fast eating or overeating can induce gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis. However, the association between gastritis and speed of eating is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether eating speed is associated with increased risk of endoscopic erosive gastritis (EEG). METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study involving 10,893 adults who underwent a general health checkup between 2007 and 2009. Two groups, EEG patients and EEG-free patients, were compared by using the t-test and the chi-square test. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between eating speed and EEG. RESULTS: The group with EEG had a higher proportion of males, average age, body mass index, and percentages of current smokers and risky drinkers than those without EEG. After adjusting for anthropometric, social, and endoscopic parameters, the group with the highest eating speed (<5 min/meal) had 1.7 times higher risk for EEG than the group with the lowest eating speed (> or =15 min/meal) (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-2.45). CONCLUSION: High eating speed is an independent risk factor for EEG. Our results indicate the need for further studies to clarify the role of eating speed in gastritis.
Adult* ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Eating* ; Electroencephalography ; Feeding Behavior ; Gastritis* ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors