No abstract available.
Temporomandibular Joint*

This study was conducted to determine the level of inflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with meningitis. All the CSF of the patients were examined by Gram and acid-fast stain, culture, and PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycoplasrma spp..The levels of sugar, protein and leukocytes count were also evaluated in the CSFs. Concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a in the CSF were evaluated by the ELISA kit (Genzyme, USA). General bacteria, tubercle bacilli, and Mycoplasma spp. were not detected with stain and culture methods, but, Mycoplasma spp. was detected by PCR method from four (6.3%) patients with meningitis. The mean CSF concentration of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-cx in the control group were 0.6+/-0.2, 896.8+/-107.6, 50.1+/-5.1, and 4.8+/-1.4 pg/ml, respectively. The mean CSF concentration of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a in the patients with aseptic meningitis were 3.8+/-0.6, 1261.6+/-144.3, 466.7+/-42.3, and 10.8+/-2.0 pg/ml, respectively. The mean CSF concentration of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a in the patients with mycoplasmal meningitis were 10.2+/-8.1, 1979.5+/-133.8, 459.7+/-96.4, and 17.5+/-5.1 pg/ml, respectively. There were significantly differences in the levels of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a between control and patients with aseptic meningitis or Mycoplasmal meningitis (each p<0.001). These results suggest that increased levels of IL-1B, IL-8, and TNF-a could be higly suggestive of meningitis.
Bacteria ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-6* ; Interleukin-8* ; Interleukins ; Leukocytes ; Meningitis* ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Mycoplasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Fifty-nine knees with a specific diagnosis of mediopatella plica syndrom; under arthroscopy were treated by arthroscopic resection. The patients were se1ected for arthroscopy only if the symptoms had continued after a course of physical therapy and medication for at least three weeks. Seven patients were lost in follow up period. Fifty-two knees were reviewed after mean period of 21.5 monl;hs (range 12 to 37). The results were graded as excelient (61.5%), good (25%), poor (9.6%) and failure (3.9%). Majority of the patients ratect their result as excellent or good. We concluded that with the meticulous resection of the pathologic plica with arthroscopy, good result can he expected with resumption of athletic activities and no or mild pain in knee joint.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Sports

The purpose of this study is to compare the physical health, anxiety and depression of the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group with those of a non-trained group and to analyze the relationship between the training period of Dan-Jeon Bre athing method and physical health, anxiety, and depression. The number of people in the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group over 3 months was 149 and in the non-trained group 142. Data were collected from August to October 1999. As tools, 35 physical symptom questions were chosen from The Cornell Medical Index modified by Nam(1965) and from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R) by Kim(1984); 10 questions on anxiety and 13 questions on depression were used in the study. The statistics of the study were gathered by using SPSS Window; the analysis was made by applying x(2)-test, t-test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA and Scheffe tests. The results were as follows. 1. The Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group had lower physical symptom score and showed less anxiety and depression than the non-trained group, which supported the 1st, 2nd, 3rd hypotheses. 2. The longer the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing, the lower the physical symptom score, which supports the 4th hypothesis, but the 5th and, 6th hypotheses were not supported because anxiety and depression did not get lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing got longer. 3. The physical symptom score, anxiety and depression that were made by the general characteristics of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group were analyzed. As a result, the physical symptom score of women was greater than that of men. Physical symptoms score and the rate of anxiety and depression were different by education levels. The degree of anxiety was different by age. Those who have a religion have a higher physical symtoms score than people who have no religion. There was no difference in physical health score, anxiety and depression according to marital status, economic status and occupations. The results suggest that the physical and mental health status of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group is better than that of the non-trained group. Physical symptoms scores gets lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing gets longer which results in the improvement of physical health status.
Anxiety* ; Cornell Medical Index ; Depression* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Mental Health ; Occupations ; Respiration*

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal drug-induced systemic hypersensitivity response characterized by erythematous eruption, fever, leukocytosis with eosinophilia, and internal organ involvement. Antitubercular agents are potential causative agents for DRESS syndrome but difficult to verify as a culprit drug, since antitubercular agents are coadministered as a combination regimen. A 42-year-old female with endobronchial tuberculosis was diagnosed with DRESS syndrome after 4-week treatment of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide with prednisolone 50 mg. All the antitubercular agents were stopped and replaced with levofloxacin, cycloserine, p-aminosalicylic acid, and kanamycin. However, severe exacerbation of DRESS syndrome compelled the patient to discontinue the administration of the second-line antitubercular agents. Two months later, the patient underwent a patch test for all the antitubercular agents which had been used, and the results showed positivity to isoniazid and cycloserine. We report a rare case of DRESS syndrome that reacted to cycloserine as well as isoniazid. Development of coreactivity to other drugs should be differentiated with a flare-up reaction in the management of DRESS syndrome.
Adult ; Aminosalicylic Acid ; Antitubercular Agents ; Cycloserine ; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome ; Eosinophilia* ; Ethambutol ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Isoniazid ; Kanamycin ; Leukocytosis ; Levofloxacin ; Patch Tests ; Prednisolone ; Pyrazinamide ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis

In this paper, some parts of Fig. 1 and dose information of methylprednisolone on page 113 were misprinted.

PURPOSE: The present study was designed to analyze the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p53, and their impact on clinical outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This immunohistochemical study involved 23 patients with available paraffin blocks among 46 patients who were treated during the period from 1994 to 1997 in Eulji University Hospital in Korea. Anti-VEGF mouse monoclonal antibody and DO-7 anti- p53 mouse monoclonal antibody were used as the primary antibodies. Antibody binding was detected with a LSAB kit. Staining was defined as positive for VEGF and p53, when more than 10% and 5% of the tumor cells were stained out of 500 cells counted, respectively. RESULTS: FIGO stage (p=0.05) and tumor size (p=0.04) were significant prognostic factors for survival. p53 expression was present in 17 (77%) cases. There was no significant relationship between p53 staining and the clinicopathologic factors, such as FIGO stage (p=0.98), tumor size (p=0.43), lymph node status (p=0.82), parametrial invasion (p=0.96), and age (p=0.18). The five year survival rates according to the p53 expression status were 80% for the p53 negative group and 66% for the p53 positive group (p=0.58). Positive VEGF expression was observed in 11 (47%) of the total of 23 patients. Statistical evaluation of VEGF expression according to stage (p=0.36), tumor size(p=0.11), lymph node status (p=0.82), parametrial invasion (p=0.49), and age (p=0.55) revealed no significant difference in any of these parameters. The five year survival rates according to the VEGF expression status were 89% for the VEGF negative group and 41% for the VEGF positive group (p=0.07). CONCLUSION: We suggest that VEGF expression may have an effect on the prognosis of cervix cancer patients treated with radiation therapy, and further evaluation with a large sample size is warranted.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice ; Paraffin ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Sample Size ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

There are no drugs without the risk of potential adverse reactions. All pharmacologically active substances can cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This paper aims at introducing recent trends in pharmacosurveillance systems for ADRs, which can be broadly classified into type A and B reactions. Since type A reactions are associated with drug pharmacology, they are usually dose-dependent and predictable. Whereas, type B reactions occur in some susceptible individuals, regardless of the pharmacological action of drug. Drug hypersensitivity reactions are typical examples of type B reactions and are subclassified according to the underlying pathomechanism. Recent advancements in pharmacogenomics have enlightened the understanding of individual differences in drug efficacy and susceptibility to ADRs. Therefore, expectations for safe personalized medicines are higher than ever before. However, premarketing clinical trials are too small and too short to uncover rare but serious ADRs and detect long-standing ADRs. In the past, post-marketing surveillance systems mainly focused on passive ADR monitoring systems, based on spontaneous reports. Recently, the importance of active pharmacovigilance systems, which use big data, is growing with recent advancements in medical informatics. Thus, regarding ADRs, suspecting and detecting the causative drug using causality assessment based on data science may contribute to decrease suffering induced by ADRs.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Individuality ; Medical Informatics ; Pharmacogenetics ; Pharmacology ; Pharmacovigilance

There are no drugs without the risk of potential adverse reactions. All pharmacologically active substances can cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This paper aims at introducing recent trends in pharmacosurveillance systems for ADRs, which can be broadly classified into type A and B reactions. Since type A reactions are associated with drug pharmacology, they are usually dose-dependent and predictable. Whereas, type B reactions occur in some susceptible individuals, regardless of the pharmacological action of drug. Drug hypersensitivity reactions are typical examples of type B reactions and are subclassified according to the underlying pathomechanism. Recent advancements in pharmacogenomics have enlightened the understanding of individual differences in drug efficacy and susceptibility to ADRs. Therefore, expectations for safe personalized medicines are higher than ever before. However, premarketing clinical trials are too small and too short to uncover rare but serious ADRs and detect long-standing ADRs. In the past, post-marketing surveillance systems mainly focused on passive ADR monitoring systems, based on spontaneous reports. Recently, the importance of active pharmacovigilance systems, which use big data, is growing with recent advancements in medical informatics. Thus, regarding ADRs, suspecting and detecting the causative drug using causality assessment based on data science may contribute to decrease suffering induced by ADRs.

PURPOSE: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important diabetic complications prompted by chronic hyperglycemia, characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubular fibrosis, and it eventually causes kidney failure. Nobiletin is a polymethoxyflavone present in tangerine and other citrus peels, and has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the effects of nobiletin on glomerular fibrosis through inhibition of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-Src-caveolin-1 pathway. METHODS: Human renal mesangial cells (HRMC) were incubated in media containing 33 mM glucose with or without 1–20 uM nobiletin for 3 day. The cellular expression levels of fibrogenic collagen IV, fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), TGF-β1, Src and caveolin-1 were all examined. In addition, TGF-β1, Src and caveolin-1 proteins were screened to reveal the relationship among TGF-β1-Src-caveolin-1 signaling in glomerular fibrosis. RESULTS: High glucose promoted the production of collagen IV, fibronectin and CTGF in HRMC, which was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by 1–20 uM nobiletin. The Western blot data showed that high glucose elevated the expression of TGF-β1, Src, caveolin-1 and Rho GTPase. When nobiletin was treated to the HRMC exposed to high glucose, the expression of TGF-β1-Src-caveolin-1 was dampened. Finally, TGF-β1-Src-caveolin-1 signaling pathway was activated in high glucose-exposed HRMC, and such activation was encumbered by nobiletin. CONCLUSION These result demonstrated that nobiletin blunted high glucose-induced extracellular matrix accumulation via inhibition of the TGF-β1-Src-caveolin-1 related intracellular signaling pathway. Nobiletin may be a potent renoprotective agent to counteract diabetes-associated glomerular fibrosis that leads to kidney failure.